DOCSLIB.ORG

An Interpretation of the Structural Geology of the Franklin Mountains, Texas Earl M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Interpretation of the Structural Geology of the Franklin Mountains, Texas Earl M New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/26 An interpretation of the structural geology of the Franklin Mountains, Texas Earl M. P. Lovejoy, 1975, pp. 261-268 in: Las Cruces Country, Seager, W. R.; Clemons, R. E.; Callender, J. F.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 26th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 376 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1975 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 26th Field Conf., Las Cruces Country, 1975 261 AN INTERPRETATION OF THE STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY OF THE FRANKLIN MOUNTAINS, TEXAS by EARL M. P. LOVEJOY Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso, Texas 79968 INTRODUCTION actually a series of low-angle normal faults, one of which Harbour mapped as the base of a landslide south of the Tin Richardson (1909) described the structure of the Franklin Mine. Harbour noted that the "stratigraphic displacement" on Mountains as follows (Fig. 1, Table 1): his "west limb" (which I refer to as the Western Boundary 1. "The long, narrow Franklin Range, rising 3,000 ft above fault zone) of his "Avispa thrust fault" is more than 7,800 ft broad lowlands, resembles a 'basin range' fault block of at 31°52'30" N. latitude (Figs. 2 and 3), decreasing north to westward-dipping rocks, but it differs from the type by being complexly faulted internally. [p. 9] about 2,500 ft in Avispa Canyon where he considered the "Avispa thrust fault" trace to leave the western front of the 2. "The structure of the Franklin Mountains viewed from a distance appears simple. The strata strike parallel to the range and to change trend to become the "important trans- trend of the range and dip westward at steep angles. But verse fault," earlier noted by Richardson (quotes 4 and 6). the simplicity is only apparent, for the distribution of the Harbour did not extend the boundary fault north of Avispa rocks show that the range is traversed by many faults. As Canyon (cf. quote 4 above). a whole the long, narrow mountain belt bordered by broad waste-covered deserts, the western slopes coinciding Harbour (1972, p. 67-69) wrote (cf. Richardson, quote 8): with the dip of the rocks and the steeper eastern face "Cenozoic structural features in the Franklin Mountains exposing eroded edges of the strata, presents the general trend north to northwest and are a result of both com- appearance of an eroded fault block of the basin-range pression and tension, which culminated in uplift of the type. [p. 9-10] mountain block above the surrounding basins. Structural features caused by compression include thrust faults and, on 3. "On the east [of the range] the position of the hypo- the west slope of the mountains, anticlines and synclines. thetical fault along the base of the range is completely Structural features caused by tension include high- and low- concealed by wash. [p. 10] angle normal faults and, probably, the Avispa fault. The pat- 4. "On the west the dislocation consists of two parallel tern of the structural features suggests that compression pre- faults at the base of the range between the foothills and the main mountain mass. These faults can be followed for several miles and probably border the entire range. The greatest displacement appears in the central part of the range ... indicating a throw of more than 2,500 ft.... The easternmost of these parallel faults along the western base of the mountains has a relatively small throw, indi- cated by steeply tilted lower Paleozoic strata abutting against the rhyolite porphyry, but farther north the throw is reversed and increased in amount by the cross fault which separates the North Franklin and Central Franklin blocks.... [p. 10] 5. "One of the main faults of the range is the longitudinal one which separates the North Franklin and Cassiterite blocks. 6. "An important transverse fault separates the North Frank- lin and Cassiterite blocks on the north from the Central Franklin block on the south. 7. "At the southwest end of the range a small wedge-shaped block in which the Hueco limestone outcrops enters the South Franklin block, the Fusselman and Montoya lime- stone outcropping west of it. [This "wedge-shaped block" of Hueco Ls. is part of the Western Boundary fault zone; the Fusselman and Montoya Ls. form the Crazy Cat land- slide—E.M.P.L.J. 8. "... major deformation of the El Paso district probably developed during the close of the Cretaceous period or early in Tertiary time ... [when] the mountain blocks and intervening basins were outlined." Harbour (1972)1 mapped (1:24,000) the northern Franklin Mountains. He showed that the "longitudinal fault," "one of the main faults of the range" (Richardson, quote 5 above), was 1. The report was prepared after Harbour's death (Harbour, 1972, p. 2) by his friends who noted that they "hope that they have not seriously modified his intended meaning in any part of the report." ceded tension, for thrust faults are most logically attributed It is of interest to note that Dunham (1935, p. 149-150) to a single period of compression followed by relaxing ten- actually wrote: sion at which time the mountains were uplifted along a there are many gaps in the evidence bearing in Miocene, normal fault near their eastern base. .. Pliocene, and Quaternary structural changes. The events "Regional studies indicate that the pattern of early Cenozoic ... are not entirely proved by local evidence, but in the compressional structural features and later normal faults per- absence of such data it seemed advisable to make the story sists throughout the Basin and Range province in western consistent with the general history of the period in the Rio Texas and southern New Mexico. ... More recent de- Grande region." scriptions of New Mexico's Organ Mountains (Dunham, 1935, p. 142-147) ... tend to confirm the conclusions of King (1935, p. 244-251) that in western Texas and northern I suggest that an analysis of the structural geology of the Mexico uplift of the present mountain ranges took place Franklin Mountains not only fills some of these gaps, but gives along normal faults after a period of compression." [see rise to a considerably different tectonic interpretation not con- quote from Dunham below] sistent with the published general history of the period in the Rio Grande region. Harbour noted that compression is believed to have occur- red locally in early Tertiary time and that "the age of the ... [boundary] faults ... is uncertain," although noting that "the A WORKING HYPOTHESIS initial uplift ... is generally placed in Miocene time." Two concepts underlie my working hypothesis: 1) range Harbour noted that Dunham (1935, p. 176) "believed that tilting occurred mainly late in range uplift; 2) surficial land- much if not most of the mountain building occurred at the sliding and subsurficial gravity gliding accompanied range up- end of Pliocene time." Harbour continued: lift and tilting. Richardson (1909) did not consider these "However, proved displacements on faults involving the basin processes. Harbour (1972) mapped landslides to the north and is generally less than 400 ft in this region. Mountain building may still be continuing as shown by recent fault scarps along south of the Tin Mine (Fig. 2) and recognized low-angle the fronts of the Franklin ... Mountains." normal faults on the northeast end of the range. I believe landsliding and gravity gliding explain most of the internal Harbour also noted (cf. quote 3 above): structures of the range; if so, their local and regional tectonic "Perhaps the most striking feature of the Franklin Mountains' significance is considerably changed. structures is the curvature of the fault planes. ... Recent fault scarps in the Cenozoic deposits are markedly sinuous Range Uplifting and Tilting and the Fusselman Canyon fault is a high-angle normal fault with a U-shaped trace.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Environmental History of the Middle Rio Grande Basin
    United States Department of From the Rio to the Sierra: Agriculture Forest Service An Environmental History of Rocky Mountain Research Station the Middle Rio Grande Basin Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5 Dan Scurlock i Scurlock, Dan. 1998. From the rio to the sierra: An environmental history of the Middle Rio Grande Basin. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-5. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 440 p. Abstract Various human groups have greatly affected the processes and evolution of Middle Rio Grande Basin ecosystems, especially riparian zones, from A.D. 1540 to the present. Overgrazing, clear-cutting, irrigation farming, fire suppression, intensive hunting, and introduction of exotic plants have combined with droughts and floods to bring about environmental and associated cultural changes in the Basin. As a result of these changes, public laws were passed and agencies created to rectify or mitigate various environmental problems in the region. Although restoration and remedial programs have improved the overall “health” of Basin ecosystems, most old and new environmental problems persist. Keywords: environmental impact, environmental history, historic climate, historic fauna, historic flora, Rio Grande Publisher’s Note The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USDA Forest Service. Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. The author withheld diacritical marks from the Spanish words in text for consistency with English punctuation. Publisher Rocky Mountain Research Station Fort Collins, Colorado May 1998 You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Paleozoic Tectonic and Sedimentologic History of the Penasco Uplift, North-Central New Mexico
    RICE UNIVERSITY LATE PALEOZOIC TECTONIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE PENASCO UPLIFT, NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO by ROY DONALD ADAMS A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS APPROVED, THESIS COMMITTEE: 0^ (3- /jtd&i obfe B. Anderson, Chairman Assistant Professor pf Geology KT Rudy R. Schwarzer, Adjunct Assistant Professor of GSology John /E. Warme Professor of Geology Donald R. Baker Professor of Geology Houston, Texas May, 1980 ABSTRACT LATE PALEOZOIC TECTONIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE PENASCO UPLIFT, NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO Roy Donald Adams The Paleozoic Peiiasco Uplift, located on the site of the present Nacimiento Mountains of north-central New Mexico, acted as a sediment source and modifier of regional sedimentation patterns from Middle Pennsylvanian to Early Permian time. The earliest history of the uplift is still poorly defined. Orogenic activity may have started as early as the Late Mississippian, or there may have been quiescence until after deposition of the Morrow-age Osha Canyon Formation and prior to deposition of the Atoka-age Sandia Formation. Coarse, arkosic siliciclastic sediments inter- bedded with fossilferious carbonates in the Madera Formation indicate that by early Desmoinesian time the Peiiasco Uplift had risen sufficiently to expose and erode Precambrian rocks. Paleotransport indicators in the arkosic sediments show transport away from the uplift. Throughout the remainder of the Pennsylvanian, the Peiiasco Uplift was a sediment source. The siliciclastic sediments derived from the Peiiasco Uplift formed a wedge that prograded out onto and interfingered with carbonate sediments of a shallow normal marine shelf. A change in paleotransport directions from northeasterly to southwesterly occurs on the east side of the Peiiasco Uplift and is due to the arrival of a flood of siliciclastic sediments derived from the Uncompahgre-San Luis Uplift to the northeast.
    [Show full text]
  • By Douglas P. Klein with Plates by G.A. Abrams and P.L. Hill U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado
    U.S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STRUCTURE OF THE BASINS AND RANGES, SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO, AN INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC VELOCITY SECTIONS by Douglas P. Klein with plates by G.A. Abrams and P.L. Hill U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado Open-file Report 95-506 1995 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this papers is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. STRUCTURE OF THE BASINS AND RANGES, SOUTHWEST NEW MEXICO, AN INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC VELOCITY SECTIONS by Douglas P. Klein CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 DEEP SEISMIC CRUSTAL STUDIES .................................. 4 SEISMIC REFRACTION DATA ....................................... 7 RELIABILITY OF VELOCITY STRUCTURE ............................. 9 CHARACTER OF THE SEISMIC VELOCITY SECTION ..................... 13 DRILL HOLE DATA ............................................... 16 BASIN DEPOSITS AND BEDROCK STRUCTURE .......................... 20 Line 1 - Playas Valley ................................... 21 Cowboy Rim caldera .................................. 23 Valley floor ........................................ 24 Line 2 - San Luis Valley through the Alamo Hueco Mountains ....................................... 25 San Luis Valley ..................................... 26 San Luis and Whitewater Mountains ................... 26 Southern
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of the Geologic Setting, Hydrology, and Geochemistry of the Hueco Tanks Geothermal Area, Texas and New Mexico
    Geological Circular 81-1 APreliminaryAssessmentoftheGeologicSetting,Hydrology,andGeochemistyoftheHuecoTanksGeothermalArea,TexasandNewMexico Christopher D.Henry and James K.Gluck jointly published by Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 W. L.Fisher,Director and Texas Energy and Natural Resources Advisory Council Executive Office Building 411 West 13th Street, Suite 800 Austin, Texas 78701 Milton L. Holloway, Executive Director prime funding provided by Texas Energy and Natural Resources Advisory Council throughInteragency Cooperation Contract No.IAC(80-81)-0899 1981 Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Regional geologic setting 2 Origin and locationof geothermal waters 5 Hot wells 5 Source of heat and ground-water flow paths 5 Faults in geothermal area 9 Implications of geophysical data 15 Hydrology 16 Data availability 16 Water-table elevation 17 Substrate permeability 19 Geochemistry 22 Geothermometry 27 Summary 32 Acknowledgments 32 References 33 Appendix A. Well data 35 Appendix B. Chemical analyses Wl Appendix C. Well designations WJ Figures 1. Tectonic map of Hueco Bolson near El Paso, Texas 3 2. Wells in Hueco Tanks geothermal area 6 3. Measured andreported temperatures ( C) of thermal and nonthermal wells 7 4. Depth to bedrock, absolute elevation of bedrock, and inferred normal faults . 10 5. Generalized west-east cross sections in Hueco Tanks geothermal area . .11 6. Depth to water table, absolute elevation of water table, and water- table elevation contours 18 111 7. Percentages of gravel, sand, clay, and bedrock from driller's logs 21 8. Trilinear diagram of thermal and nonthermal waters 24 9. Total dissolved solids and chloride concentrations 25 Tables 1. Saturation indices 28 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Overview Desert Peaks Complex of the Organ Mountains – Desert Peaks National Monument Doña Ana County, New Mexico
    Cultural Resources Overview Desert Peaks Complex of the Organ Mountains – Desert Peaks National Monument Doña Ana County, New Mexico Myles R. Miller, Lawrence L. Loendorf, Tim Graves, Mark Sechrist, Mark Willis, and Margaret Berrier Report submitted to the Wilderness Society Sacred Sites Research, Inc. July 18, 2017 Public Version This version of the Cultural Resources overview is intended for public distribution. Sensitive information on site locations, including maps and geographic coordinates, has been removed in accordance with State and Federal antiquities regulations. Executive Summary Since the passage of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966, at least 50 cultural resource surveys or reviews have been conducted within the boundaries of the Desert Peaks Complex. These surveys were conducted under Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA. More recently, local avocational archaeologists and supporters of the Organ Monument-Desert Peaks National Monument have recorded several significant rock art sites along Broad and Valles canyons. A review of site records on file at the New Mexico Historic Preservation Division and consultations with regional archaeologists compiled information on over 160 prehistoric and historic archaeological sites in the Desert Peaks Complex. Hundreds of additional sites have yet to be discovered and recorded throughout the complex. The known sites represent over 13,000 years of prehistory and history, from the first New World hunters who gazed at the nighttime stars to modern astronomers who studied the same stars while peering through telescopes on Magdalena Peak. Prehistoric sites in the complex include ancient hunting and gathering sites, earth oven pits where agave and yucca were baked for food and fermented mescal, pithouse and pueblo villages occupied by early farmers of the Southwest, quarry sites where materials for stone tools were obtained, and caves and shrines used for rituals and ceremonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Santa Fe New Mexican, 09-28-1904 New Mexican Printing Company
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 New Mexico Historical Newspapers 9-28-1904 Santa Fe New Mexican, 09-28-1904 New Mexican Printing Company Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news Recommended Citation New Mexican Printing Company. "Santa Fe New Mexican, 09-28-1904." (1904). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news/2075 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the New Mexico Historical Newspapers at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. h In InI SANTA .J New m.EXICAN VOL. 41. SANTA jpfe; N. M., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1904. NO. 188. LETTER WAS SANDOVAL IS BIG TIME NOT FOR RODEY ScenSc New Mexico, A FORGERY IS PROMISED Prominent Citizen of That County Says His Section is For - ;...".!:. President Roosevelt Never Wrote 'Andrews.' Those Who Attend New Mexico to President Donnelly of "Sandoval County will support the Annual Fair in October at Butchers' Union. regular Republican nominee for dele- gate to Congress, whether or not Mr. Albuquerque. Rodey runs on an Independent ticket," said Alejandro Sandoval, a member MANY COPIED AND PRINTED of the Territorial Board of Equaliza- n ATTRACTIONS tion, to a representative of the New Mexican. Mr. Sandoval is a member Have Been In Miner's at Denver Per Com- is Secured for the Occasion' Magazine of the Sandoval County ..Central w' petrator Will Be Prosecuted If mittee and is ina position to known Indian Sacred Fire Dance his will do in the - Apprehended.
    [Show full text]
  • Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place
    Promise Beheld and the Limits of Place A Historic Resource Study of Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks and the Surrounding Areas By Hal K. Rothman Daniel Holder, Research Associate National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office Series Number Acknowledgments This book would not be possible without the full cooperation of the men and women working for the National Park Service, starting with the superintendents of the two parks, Frank Deckert at Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Larry Henderson at Guadalupe Mountains National Park. One of the true joys of writing about the park system is meeting the professionals who interpret, protect and preserve the nation’s treasures. Just as important are the librarians, archivists and researchers who assisted us at libraries in several states. There are too many to mention individuals, so all we can say is thank you to all those people who guided us through the catalogs, pulled books and documents for us, and filed them back away after we left. One individual who deserves special mention is Jed Howard of Carlsbad, who provided local insight into the area’s national parks. Through his position with the Southeastern New Mexico Historical Society, he supplied many of the photographs in this book. We sincerely appreciate all of his help. And finally, this book is the product of many sacrifices on the part of our families. This book is dedicated to LauraLee and Lucille, who gave us the time to write it, and Talia, Brent, and Megan, who provide the reasons for writing. Hal Rothman Dan Holder September 1998 i Executive Summary Located on the great Permian Uplift, the Guadalupe Mountains and Carlsbad Caverns national parks area is rich in prehistory and history.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan for the Recovery of Desert Bighorn Sheep in New Mexico 2003-2013
    PLAN FOR THE RECOVERY OF DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN NEW MEXICO 2003-2013 New Mexico Department of Game and Fish August 2003 Executive Summary Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis mexicana) were once prolific in New Mexico, occupying most arid mountain ranges in the southern part of the state. Over-hunting, and disease transmission from livestock are 2 primary reasons for the dramatic decline in bighorn sheep numbers throughout the west during the early 1900s. In 1980, desert bighorn were placed on New Mexico’s endangered species list. From 1992-2003, approximately 25% of bighorn were radiocollared to learn causes of mortality driving this species towards extinction. Approximately 85% of all known-cause non-hunter killed radiocollared individuals have been killed by mountain lions. Despite the lack of a native ungulate prey base in desert bighorn range, mountain lion populations remain high, leading to the hypothesis that mountain lions are subsidized predators feeding on exotic ungulates, including cattle. Lack of fine fuels from cattle grazing have resulted in a lack of fire on the landscape. This has lead to increased woody vegetation which inhibits bighorn’s ability to detect and escape from predators. Bighorn numbers in spring 2003 in New Mexico totaled 213 in the wild, and 91 at the Red Rock captive breeding facility. This is in spite of releasing 266 bighorn from Red Rock and 30 bighorn from Arizona between 1979 and 2002. Several existing herds of desert bighorn likely need an augmentation to prevent them from going extinct. The presence of domestic sheep and Barbary sheep, which pose risks to bighorn from fatal disease transmission and aggression, respectively, preclude reintroduction onto many unoccupied mountain ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • General Geology of the Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas
    THE GENERAL GEOLOGY OF THE FRANKLIN MOUNTAINS, EL PASO COUNTY, TEXAS EL PASO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND PERMIAN BASIN SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS FEBRUARY 24, 1968 Society Members Permian Basin Section El Paso Geological Society Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Robert Habbit, President W.F. Anderson, President David V. LeMone, Vice President Richard C. Todd, First Vice President Karl W. Klement, Second Vice President Charles Crowley, Secretary Kenneth O. Sewald, Secretary William S. Strain Gerald L. Scott, Treasurer Editor and Coordinator: David V. LeMone ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ............................................................................. ii Robert Habbit General Geology of the Franklin Mountains: Road Log .......................................... 1 David V. LeMone Precambrian Rocks of the Fusselman Canyon Area ............................................. 12 W.N. McAnulty, Jr. Paleoecology of a Canadian (Lower Ordovician) Algal Complex .................................. 15 David V. LeMone Late Paleozoic in the El Paso Border Region .................................................. 16 Frank E. Kottlowski Late Cenozoic Strata of the El Paso Area ..................................................... 17 William S.Strain A Preliminary Note on the Geology of the Campus “Andesite .................................... 18 Jerry M. Hoffer Conjectural Dating by Means of Gravity Slide Masses of Cenozoic Tectonics of the Southern Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of Streams of Texas
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 448 GAZETTEER OF STREAMS OF TEXAS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF GLENN A. GRAY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 1919 GAZETTEER OF STREAMS OF TEXAS. Prepared under the direction of GLENN A. GRAY. INTRODUCTION. The following pages contain a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds as shown by the topographic maps of Texas which were pre­ pared by the United States Geological Survey and, in areas not covered by the topographic maps, by State of Texas county maps and the post-route map of Texas. For many streams a contour map of Texas, prepared in 1899 by Robert T. Hill, was consulted, as well as maps compiled by private surveys, engineering corporations, the State Board of Water Engineers, and the International Boundary Commission. An effort has been made to eliminate errors where practicable by personal reconnaissance. All the descriptions are based on the best available maps, and their accuracy therefore depends on that of the maps. Descriptions of streams in the central part of the State, adjacent to the Bio Grande above Brewster County, and in parts of Brewster, Terrell, Bowie, Casg, Btirleson, Brazos, Grimes, Washington, Harris, Bexar, Wichita, Wilbarger, Montague, Coke, and Graysoh counties were compiled by means of topographic maps and are of a good degree of accuracy. It should be understood, however, that all statements of elevation, length, and fall are roughly approximate. The Geological Survey topographic maps used are cited in the de­ scriptions of the streams and are listed below.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Geological Survey
    DEFARTM KUT OF THE 1STEK1OK BULLETIN OK THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY No. 19O S F, GEOGRAPHY, 28 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR GAZETTEEK OF TEXAS BY HENRY G-A-NNETT WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 CONTENTS Page. Area .................................................................... 11 Topography and drainage..... ............................................ 12 Climate.................................................................. 12 Forests ...............................................................'... 13 Exploration and settlement............................................... 13 Population..............'................................................. 14 Industries ............................................................... 16 Lands and surveys........................................................ 17 Railroads................................................................. 17 The gazetteer............................................................. 18 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PF,ATE I. Map of Texas ................................................ At end. ry (A, Mean annual temperature.......:............................ 12 \B, Mean annual rainfall ........................................ 12 -ryj (A, Magnetic declination ........................................ 12 I B, Wooded areas............................................... 12 Density of population in 1850 ................................ 14 B, Density of population in 1860
    [Show full text]
  • COMPRESSOR STATION AHEAD! by Brian Brock
    The Newsletter of Franklin Local Vol. VIII, No. 3 Franklin, New York FALL 2014 ‘INDEPENDENT, FEARLESS AND FREE’ WARNING: COMPRESSOR STATION AHEAD! By Brian Brock Franklin residents may have not imagined that a fin- ished Constitution pipeline would be much of a problem – unless they are landowners along the route. It would be just a hundred foot wide clear-cut stretching ten miles across Franklin from Route 357 west of the East Sidney Dam to Route 28 up on Franklin Mountain. Those opinions may change now that a second pipe- line, the Northeast Energy Direct (NED), has been pro- posed alongside the Constitution with a compressor sta- tion in Franklin. The recent request by Tennessee Gas Pipeline (TGP) for pre-filing of NED with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission included detailed route Kinder Morgan’s Mexico compressor station on the Rockies Express pipeline. Two Titan 130 tur- maps, which located their station somewhere between bines are housed in large building, upper right. Photo: Alliance Wood Group Engineering, L.P Bissell and Chamberlin Hill Roads. An affected land- owner reports that a dozen or so sites are under consid- FEEDING A HUNGRY WORLD: eration. Constitution has yet to locate their mid-stream The Wonders of Bio-Char compressor station. The TGP booster compressor station would speed the By Bob Miller daily flow of the 500 million cubic feet of gas. It would be Chemical and oil companies, and busi- powered by a gas turbine – similar to a jet engine. The nesses that genetically modify food claim Solar Turbines Titan 130 would provide 20,500 horse- they have the only solution to reversing power.
    [Show full text]