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Jaina Centres in Chikodi Region of Belgaum District

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Jaina Centres in Chikodi Region of Belgaum District IJMSS Vol.05 Issue-03, (March, 2017) ISSN: 2321-1784 International Journal in Management and Social Science (Impact Factor- 6.178) JAINA CENTRES IN CHIKODI REGION OF BELGAUM DISTRICT Dr. Chandrakant Koligudde,Assistant Professor Dept of History &Archaeology,Rani Channamma University PG Centre Torvi, Vijayapur-586108 Abstract Jainism is an old religion .Jaina Tradition takes back Jainism to earlier Period of Pre- history .Jainism has Made Profound influence on the lives and the Culture of Karnataka. The Word Jainism goes B There was a dispute between Jainas and the vaishnavas during the regime of the Bukkaraya (1336 AD) .As a king he took the hands of the Jainas and placing them in the hands of the Vaishnavas saying that for as long as the sun and Moon last the Vaishnavas will continue to protect the Jainas. Jaina Contribution to art and Architecture is not only unique but also substantial in the terms of both quality and quantity .The art and architecture of Jainas of Chikkodi region significantly reflects the Philosophical and religious attitude as well as Cultural aspirations of the People. The Jaina basadis, like the Temples of the early medieval Period in Chikkodi region were Centre’s of the five-fold activities of Worship, feeding, Medical care, Shelter and education. It is stated that “Art is the handmaid of religion Introduction- Chikodi is situated in the heart of Belgaum district .Which lies Between 19-21 to 19-30 latitude and 74- 22 to 74-46 longitute.it is 75 km far away from district( Belgaum) headquarters .From North and west side it is bound by Kolhapur district of Maharashtra State ,On the eastern side ,it is bound by Raibag, Athani ,and Gokak taluks and on the Southern side it is bound by Hukkeri Taluka. Chikodi is extended over an area of 12965.5Sq kmConsistingof155VillagesandFourcirclesnamely.Chikodi, Sadalaga,Nipani And Nagarmunnoli. Chikodi is 753 Meters above the mean sea level. Chikodi is a Place with considerable Antiquity .Situated on the bank of “Chikkodi”a small Steam. In 1680 English Geographer Ogliby noticed “Secoery” a small Village situated on the Goa-Bijapur road. In 1720 Captain Moor described Chikodi as a large Marketing town Situated near rivulet. In 1836 it was made as a taluka when Belgaum Collectorate was Created. In 1827Captain Clunes Noticed ‘checkorie’town.Which belong to Kolhapur. The Bedkihal Copper Plates of Santivarma of Kadam Kings (310AD)Jaganur Inscription of King Pratap of Kalyana Chalukyas(1168),Kerur Inscription(1071),Eksambi Inscription(1087)of Bijjala of Kalachuri,Kabbur inscription of Kartvirya Devarasa of Rattas (1126), The Pattankodi Copper Plates of shilaharas (988) All these Inscriptions throws light on the history of Chikkodi region. Many kings Constructed Jaina Basadi enriched the Cultural History of the region. The region was ruled by Satavahanas, Kadambas Chalukyas of Kalyani, Kalachuris, Rattas, Shilahaharas of Kolhapur, Yadavas of Devagiri, Vijayanagar and Bahamanis, Adilshahis. Later it was ruled by Marathas and the Britishers. Jainism has a rich antiquity it emerged in Karnataka along with Chandragupta Mauryas and Bhadrabhu. One of the Sravanbelgola Inscriptions refers that Jain munnis came to the district to preach the doctrines of the Jainism during the Period of 225 BC. The royal dynasties built many basadis in and around Belgaum district between the 10th and 13th Centuries. Jainism has made profound influences on the lives and the Culture of Karnataka. It also played an Important Part in the Social and Political life of the people of Karnataka. Jainism was quite popular right from the early Period .It enjoyed royal Patronage and support of the People under the rule of the shilaharas and Ratta families who were Jainas by Persuasion and who Contributed Substantially to the Prosperity of the jain faith. There are Many Centers. They are Eksami, Khadakalat, Sadalaga, shantagiri, and Stavanidhi A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories International Journal in Management and Social Science http://www.ijmr.net.in email id- [email protected] Page 197 IJMSS Vol.05 Issue-03, (March, 2017) ISSN: 2321-1784 International Journal in Management and Social Science (Impact Factor- 6.178) Exambi- It is situated 11km from the Chikodi, The Adinath Basadi was built in 1155AD.it has two inscriptions One belong to Kalachuri Bijjala dated 1165 AD .This inscription Speaks about the gift of land, house site for danasala, garden farm worship and offerings to the Neminatha Basadi at Ekkasambuge situated in Koravalli gampanandu of Kundi Province by Kartvirya III of the Ratta family. The basadi was built by Kalana who was a Sub –ordinate of Vijayaditya of the Silhara dynasty The garbhagriha of the Basadi is Square and enshrined with Neminath, Standing in Khadgasana.He has Chattri over the head in the lower part he is flanked by Yaksha “gomedha”and Yakshini “Ambika”The twenty three form of Tirthankars are Shown beautifully around the Neminath’ s Prabhavalli. Which is Significant Infant of the grabhagriha is an Open antarala and infrant of antaral is Navaranga. The Dwara of the Navaranga Comprised of Panchasakhas .It may be noted that sakhas are continued over the lalatapatti with a jinabimbaat the Centre. Over the Uttaranga a Series of three Sikhar Motifs of Rekha-nagar type with two rosettes’ at Centre. The pillar of the Navaranga decorated with figures of rosettes, the adhistana of the Basadi consists of Khurak jagati Padama antarit Kumuda and Kapota. The sikhara of the Basadi was renovated Bhoj- A Small village situated 24km from Chikodi .on the bank of river Dudhaganga. The village name is mentioned in the Santivarman inscription of Kadambas (323AD).The Parsvanatha Basadi was constructed during the regime of Chalukyas of Kalyana. The garbhagriha of the basadi is Square ,enshrine with Parshwantha it is in Khadgasana.the image is black Polished stone ,which is 4ft high surrounded by Makartorana, over his head Seven hoodnagas are Seen .He is Flanked by Yakasha Dharendra and Yakshini Padamavati.The Prabhavalli is beautifully decorated Mukhamantapa is adjusted with Antaral. The pillar are very beautifully decorated There are four Pillars in the Mukhamanapa, Which are Square The door-frame of the garbhagriha Consists of Trisakas namely Stambika Balli and Ratnasakas The Sikhara is built in a Modern style. it is renovated Khadakalat- It is historical place Mentioned in one of the as“Latti Agrahara” in the 12th Century Inscription.The garbhagriha of the basadi is dedicated to Parshwantha. it is in Khadgasana. over his head Seven hoodnagas are Seen .He is Flanked by Yakasha Dharendra and Yakshini Padamavati.The Prabhavalli is beautifully decorated The Antaral is adjusted with grabhagriha. The Mukhamanapa adjusted with antrala consists of pillars which are Plain and Simple. The Sikhara is renovated Kerur- It is a small village Situated 8 km from Chikodi.In the Kalyana Chalukyan inscriptions the name of the village is Mentioned as the “Kereyur” The Parsvanath Basadi built during the period of Chalukyas of Kalyana dated 1071A.D it mentiones that Jayadevvayya and jayasimhadeva of Chalukyas of Kalyana granted gifts to Kappeshwar of Kereyur Agrahara Situated in Koravalli-150 from Gokage when Bijjalla of Kalachuri was in-charge of Kohundi-3000 Kothali- it is a small village far away from 10 km to Chikodi situated on the beautiful hillock locally called as Shantagiri.In the Open air Complex three beautiful Standing Statues of Chandraprabha (five meters tall,8th thirthankar)Shantinatha (seven meters 16th Thirthankaras) and Mahavira(six meters,24th Thirthankaras).All are in white Marble, installed on an elevated Platform at the centre Surrounded by a flower of garden .The open Complex Called as Kamalamandir built in the U Shape, Which Consists of 24 seated Marble images of Thirthankars. The Ashram was established by Sri Acharyaratna Desha- Bhushana Swamiji in 1968.Today it is called as Kothali Jaina Ashram Trust. It runs Primary and high School based on the Gurukul system .It is famous Pilgrimages Centre of Digambara A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories International Journal in Management and Social Science http://www.ijmr.net.in email id- [email protected] Page 198 IJMSS Vol.05 Issue-03, (March, 2017) ISSN: 2321-1784 International Journal in Management and Social Science (Impact Factor- 6.178) Jaina Sculptures - The jaina images are classified into 24 thirthanakaras and their yakasha and yakashini depicted in the Standing and seated Postures. The thirthankaras seated in Padmasana, the hand are in Yogamudra, Same have Srivasta Symbol on the Chest .The sculptures have Elongated ears and body ,Curly hair and robust body. The beautiful Sculpure of Parshvanath is located in the Parshvanath Basadi at sadalaga.it is in Khadgasana adorned with Seven hood of naga and single Chattri Over his head . He is flanked by the Yaksha Dharendra and Yakshini Padamavati.They are seated with their attributes, The prabhavali is decorated with Makaratorana.The Kirthimukha is at the Top and the lata Surali Comes from its mouths. There are similar Sculptures located at Bedkihal Pattankudi, Kothali and at Kerur. There are many nishidhis (Memorial Stones) located at Nainglaj,Sadalaga and Examba Memorial stones are Created to honour a Person who embraced death through Sallekhana.No doubt Jainism was a Patronage by royal dynasties. It was as much
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