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Early Medieval Dykes (400 to 850 Ad)
EARLY MEDIEVAL DYKES (400 TO 850 AD) A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Erik Grigg School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Contents Table of figures ................................................................................................ 3 Abstract ........................................................................................................... 6 Declaration ...................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................... 9 1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ................................................. 10 1.1 The history of dyke studies ................................................................. 13 1.2 The methodology used to analyse dykes ............................................ 26 2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DYKES ............................................. 36 2.1 Identification and classification ........................................................... 37 2.2 Tables ................................................................................................. 39 2.3 Probable early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 42 2.4 Possible early-medieval dykes ........................................................... 48 2.5 Probable rebuilt prehistoric or Roman dykes ...................................... 51 2.6 Probable reused prehistoric -
Ancient Defensive Earthworks Fortified
CONGRESS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES IN UNION WITH THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. SCHEME FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. 1903. COMMITTEE FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A., Chairman. W. J. ANDREW, F.S.A. F. HAVERFIELD, F.S.A., MA. F. W. ATTREE (Lt.-Col. R.E.), W. H. ST. J. HOPE, M.A. F.S.A. BOYD DAWICINS (Prof.), F.R.S., J. HORACE ROUND, M.A. F.S.A. SIR JOHN EVANS, K.C.B., F.R.S., O. E. RUCK (Lt.-Col. RE.), V.P.S.A. F.S.A.Sc. A. R. GODDARD, B.A. W. M. TAPP, LL.D. BERTRAM C. A. WINDLE (Prof.), F.R.S., F.S.A. I. CHALKLEY GOULD, Hon. Sec. {Royal Societies' Club, St. James's Street, London.) EXTRACT from the Report of the Provisional Committee to the Congress of Archaeological Societies :— "There is need, not only for schedules such as this Committee is appointed to secure, but also for active antiquaries in all parts of the country to keep keen watch over ancient fortifications of earth and stone, and to endeavour to prevent their destruction by the hand of man in this utilitarian age." SCHEME FOR RECORDING ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. » T the Congress of the Archaeological Societies, held on A July ioth, 1901, a Committee was appointed to prepare a scheme for a systematic record of ANCIENT DEFENSIVE EARTHWORKS AND FORTIFIED ENCLOSURES. It was suggested that the secretaries of the various archaeological societies, and other gentlemen likely to be interested in the subject, should be pressed to prepare schedules of the works in their respective districts, in the hope that lists may eventually be published. -
Hope to Hathersage Or Bamford Via Castleton
Hope to Hathersage (via Castleton) Hope to Bamford (via Castleton) 1st walk check 2nd walk check 3rd walk check 1st walk check 2nd walk check 3rd walk check 17th August 2020 Current status Document last updated Wednesday, 19th August 2020 This document and information herein are copyrighted to Saturday Walkers’ Club. If you are interested in printing or displaying any of this material, Saturday Walkers’ Club grants permission to use, copy, and distribute this document delivered from this World Wide Web server with the following conditions: • The document will not be edited or abridged, and the material will be produced exactly as it appears. Modification of the material or use of it for any other purpose is a violation of our copyright and other proprietary rights. • Reproduction of this document is for free distribution and will not be sold. • This permission is granted for a one-time distribution. • All copies, links, or pages of the documents must carry the following copyright notice and this permission notice: Saturday Walkers’ Club, Copyright © 2019-2020, used with permission. All rights reserved. www.walkingclub.org.uk This walk has been checked as noted above, however the publisher cannot accept responsibility for any problems encountered by readers. Hope to Hathersage or Bamford (via Castleton) Start: Hope Station Finish: Hathersage or Bamford Stations Hope Station, map reference SK 180 832, is 18 km south west of Sheffield, 231 km north west of Charing Cross and 169m above sea level. Bamford Station, map reference SK 207 825, is 3 km south east of Hope Station and 151m above sea level. -
The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles
www.RodnoVery.ru www.RodnoVery.ru The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles www.RodnoVery.ru Callanish Stone Circle Reproduced by kind permission of Fay Godwin www.RodnoVery.ru The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles Their Nature and Legacy RONALD HUTTON BLACKWELL Oxford UK & Cambridge USA www.RodnoVery.ru Copyright © R. B. Hutton, 1991, 1993 First published 1991 First published in paperback 1993 Reprinted 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Blackwell Publishers Ltd 108 Cowley Road Oxford 0X4 1JF, UK Blackwell Publishers Inc. 350 Main Street Maiden, Massachusetts 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hutton, Ronald The pagan religions of the ancient British Isles: their nature and legacy / Ronald Hutton p. cm. ISBN 0-631-18946-7 (pbk) 1. -
The Archaeology of Mining and Quarrying in England a Research Framework
The Archaeology of Mining and Quarrying in England A Research Framework Resource Assessment and Research Agenda The Archaeology of Mining and Quarrying in England A Research Framework for the Archaeology of the Extractive Industries in England Resource Assessment and Research Agenda Collated and edited by Phil Newman Contributors Peter Claughton, Mike Gill, Peter Jackson, Phil Newman, Adam Russell, Mike Shaw, Ian Thomas, Simon Timberlake, Dave Williams and Lynn Willies Geological introduction by Tim Colman and Joseph Mankelow Additional material provided by John Barnatt, Sallie Bassham, Lee Bray, Colin Bristow, David Cranstone, Adam Sharpe, Peter Topping, Geoff Warrington, Robert Waterhouse National Association of Mining History Organisations 2016 Published by The National Association of Mining History Organisations (NAMHO) c/o Peak District Mining Museum The Pavilion Matlock Bath Derbyshire DE4 3NR © National Association of Mining History Organisations, 2016 in association with Historic England The Engine House Fire Fly Avenue Swindon SN2 2EH ISBN: 978-1-871827-41-5 Front Cover: Coniston Mine, Cumbria. General view of upper workings. Peter Williams, NMR DPO 55755; © Historic England Rear Cover: Aerial view of Foggintor Quarry, Dartmoor, Devon. Damian Grady, NMR 24532/004; © Historic England Engine house at Clintsfield Colliery, Lancashire. © Ian Castledine Headstock and surviving buildings at Grove Rake Mine, Rookhope Valley, County Durham. © Peter Claughton Marrick ore hearth lead smelt mill, North Yorkshire © Ian Thomas Grooved stone -
Great Ridge Winnats Pass Walk
GREAT RIDGE AND WINNATS PASS WALK This lovely circular walk with stunning views of the beautiful Peak DETAILS District includes the ascent of Mam Tor (Shivering Mountain). Distance Start the walk from Mam Nick Car Park, from here there’s a steep 7.9 miles (12.7km) climb to the summit of Mam Tor. Elevation 1790ft (545m) You’ll see a trig point at the top, from here there’s a clearly defined path that will take you along the Great Ridge to the summit of Lose Hill, Time 3–4 hours the distance is approx 2 miles. From here you can continue if you have the time, alternatively you can turnaround and retrace your steps. Start at Mam Nick Car Park Once at Lose Hill head down the steep stone steps and follow the OS Map path down for almost 2 miles into the lovely village of Hope. There are OL1 Peak District refreshments available at the Grasshopper Cafe or Cafe Adventure. Now head up Pindale Road, you’ll join a footpath through some fields Difficulty Moderate to the village of Castleton. Parking Castleton is a little larger than Hope , it’s also another great option Pay and display for refreshments. Take time to explore the village and then head over at Mam Nick Car Park a stone bridge onto a narrow road called Goosehill. You’ll pickup (free for National Trust ‘Public Footpath’ signs and eventually join the path which leads to a Members), or limited road called Arthurs Way, it’s opposite the Speedwell Cavern show cave. -
Groundwater in Carboniferous Carbonates
Groundwater in Carboniferous carbonates Field excursion to the Derbyshire "White Peak" District 26th June 2015 John Gunn with contributions from Andy Farrant, Paul Hardwick and Steve Worthington Contents PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. THE "WHITE PEAK" DISTRICT 2 3. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 2 4. SURFACE DRAINAGE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY 6 5. THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE PEAK DISTRICT LIMESTONES 7 6. CAVES 8 7. ITINERARY 9 STOP 1: THE BULL I'TH'THORN BOREHOLE, HURDLOW 9 STOP 2: THE RIVER WYE AND TUNSTEAD QUARRY 13 STOP 3: ELDON HILL QUARRY 19 STOP 4: ELDON HILL DOLINES 22 STOP 5: DIRTLOW RAKE AND DOLINES 23 STOP 6: CAVE DALE 25 STOP 7: CASTLETON SPRINGS AND PEAK CAVERN 25 STOP 8: WINNATS PASS 30 STOP 9: MAGPIE SOUGH TAIL 31 STOP 10: OLD BATH SPRING 32 8. REFERENCES 32 Acknowledgements The organisers are grateful to: The British Geological Survey for Figures 2 and 19, Maurice Gregory for permission to visit Eldon Hill Quarry, John Harrison for permission to visit Peak Cavern, and Peter Harrison for permission to visit Russet Well. Cover photographs A common perception of the Peak District karst hydrogeology is that it is dominated by sinking streams that feed caves which in turn discharge substantial flows of water from large springs such as Peak Cavern Rising (left). However, over much of the area where limestones crop out there is only dispersed autogenic recharge through a soil cover and surprisingly little evidence of karstic drainage, particularly at depth. During the excavation of stone from Ballidon Quarry in the southern White Peak no caves were encountered and the 100m of limestone exposure (right) shows only an epikarst below which there are no visible conduits and nothing to suggest concentrated drainage. -
Walking & Activity Holidays Uk, Europe & Worldwide 2020 Holiday Offers Book by 29 February 2020
FEB 2020 MAR 2021 2ND EDITION NOW FEATURING JAN MAR 2021 EUROPE & WORLDWIDE HOLIDAYS WALK THIS WAY WALKING & ACTIVITY HOLIDAYS UK, EUROPE & WORLDWIDE 2020 HOLIDAY OFFERS BOOK BY 29 FEBRUARY 2020 LOW DEPOSIT UK: £49PP, EUROPE: £99PP, WORLDWIDE: £149PP* SAVE UP TO £100PP* ON 1,000s OF ROOMS FOR UK GUIDED OR SELFGUIDED WALKING HOLIDAYS Go online for full details SAVE UP TO £150PP* OFF SELECTED 2020 EUROPEAN HOLIDAYS Go online for our latest 2020 oers UNDER 18s GO FREE ON UK FAMILY WALKING ADVENTURES * Keep an eye out for the oer on selected holidays throughout this brochure 2021 HOLIDAY OFFERS BOOK BY 30 APRIL 2020 LOW DEPOSIT EUROPE: £99PP, WORLDWIDE: £149PP* SAVE UP TO £250PP* OFF SELECTED 2021 EUROPEAN HOLIDAYS Keep an eye out for the oers on selected holidays throughout this brochure SAVE UP TO £200PP* OFF SELECTED 2021 WORLDWIDE HOLIDAYS Keep an eye out for the oers on selected holidays throughout this brochure PRICE PROMISE We promise that our earliest published prices will always be the best *; if we reduce prices after your booking has been confirmed, we will pass the dierence on to you. PLEASE GO ONLINE FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ALL OF OUR HOLIDAY OFFERS *Terms and Conditions apply. Oers are only available on selected 2020/21 departures and excludes festive departures. Some holidays have no oer. Low deposits are applicable only for bookings made at least 6 weeks prior to departure for UK breaks and at least 8 weeks for European holidays and 10 weeks for Worldwide holidays. Under 18s go FREE on UK Family Adventures only. -
Using Computers in Archaeology: Towards Virtual Pasts
USING COMPUTERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY As computing becomes increasingly essential to the work of the archaeologist, archeologists require a clear understanding of the impact of information technology upon their discipline. This non-technical introductory volume discusses and explains the influence of computers on all aspects of archaeological research and interpretation, from survey, excavation and landscape to museums, education and communicating the past. The author meets the need of the archaeologist to keep abreast of how computers can assist at all stages of archaeological research and data analysis. Theoretical information, focusing on Geographical Information Systems, for example, is presented through description of archaeological processes, and is consistently practical and free from jargon. The author acknowledges the problem of obsolescence in computing and presents archaeological technology as an on-going, constantly changing process rather than as a final, achievable state. The book will thus remain relevant through future advances in technology and informative about the general principles of, and the issues arising from, the relationship between computers and archaeology. Highly illustrated and referenced throughout with case-studies and examples, Using Computers in Archaeology: Towards Virtual Pasts is a timely survey of this increasingly important area of archaeology, catering for both the student and the experienced archaeologist. Gary Lock is Lecturer in Archaeology at the University of Oxford, editor of Beyond the Map: Archaeology and Spatial Technologies (2000) and co-editor of On the Theory and Practice of Archaeological Computing (2000). USING COMPUTERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY Towards virtual pasts Gary Lock First published 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. -
Excavations at Fin Cop, Derbyshire: an Iron Age Hillfort in Conflict?
05 Waddington:Layout 1 03/07/2013 08:50 Page 159 Excavations at Fin Cop, Derbyshire: An Iron Age Hillfort in Conflict? clive waddington With contributions by P. Beswick, J. Brightman, C. Bronk Ramsey, A. Burn, G. Cook, L. Elliot, L. Gidney, S. Haddow, A. Hammon, K. Harrison, K. Mapplethorpe, P. Marshall, J. Meadows, R. Smalley, A. Thornton and Longstone Local History Group A programme of archaeological investigation took place on Fin Cop hillfort, in the Derbyshire Peak District, during the summers of 2009 and 2010. In total fifty test-pits and eight trenches were excavated, revealing evidence for a Mesolithic quarry site, and sporadic evidence for Neolithic and Beaker period activity. An assemblage of Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age ceramics was recovered from the interior of the fort in association with rock-cut pits testifying to occupation of the hilltop prior to the construction of the hillfort rampart. The hillfort rampart construction took place in the period 435–390 cal. BC (68% probability) and was destroyed before its completion, probably by the mid-fourth century cal. BC, when large numbers of women and children were disposed of in the ditch together with the demolition material from the fort’s wall. The defensive character of the monument and the evidence for a violent end to the site appear to indicate, on current evidence, that the fort was sacked. BACKGROUND Fin Cop is the name given to the summit of a prominent hilltop and its crowning hillfort located at SK 174710 on Carboniferous Limestone bedrock that rises to 330 m above Ordnance Datum, approximately 5 km north-west of Bakewell (Illus. -
Derbyshire Mam
Fetler Yell North Roe Shetland Islands Muckle Roe Brae Voe Mainland Foula Lerwick Sumburgh Fair Isle Westray Sanday Rousay Stronsay Mainland Orkney Islands Kirkwall Shapinsay Scarpa Flow Hoy South Ronaldsay Cape Island of Stroma Wrath Scrabster John O'Groats Castletown Durness Thurso Port of Ness Melvich Borgh Bettyhill Cellar Watten Noss Head Head Tongue Wick Forsinard Gallan Isle of Lewis Head Port nan Giuran Stornoway Latheron Unapool Altnaharra Kinbrace WESTERN ISLES Lochinver Scarp Helmsdale Hushinish Point Airidh a Bhruaich Lairg Taransay Tarbert Shiant Islands Greenstone Point Scalpay Ullapool Bonar Bridge Harris Rudha Reidh Pabbay Dornoch Tarbat Berneray Dundonnell Ness Port nan Long Tain Gairloch Lossiemouth North Uist Invergordon Lochmaddy Alness Cullen Cromarty Macdu Fraserburgh Monach Islands Ban Uig Rona Elgin Buckie Baleshare Kinlochewe Garve Dingwall Achnasheen Forres Benbecula Ronay Nairn Baile Mhanaich Torridon MORAY Keith Dunvegan Turri Peterhead Portree Inverness Aberlour Geirinis Raasay Lochcarron Huntly Dutown Rudha Stromeferry Ellon Hallagro Kyle of Cannich Lochalsh Drumnadrochit Rhynie Oldmeldrum South Uist Isle of Skye Dornie Kyleakin HIGHLAND Grantown-on- Spey Inverurie Lochboisdale Invermoriston Alford Shiel Bridge Aviemore Canna Airor ABERDEENSHIRE Aberdeen Barra Ardvasar Inverie Invergarry Kingussie Heaval Castlebay Rum Newtonmore Vatersay Mallaig Banchory Laggan Braemar Ballater Sandray Rosinish Eigg Arisaig Glennnan Dalwhinnie Stonehaven Mingulay Spean Bridge Berneray Muck Fort William SCOTLAND ANGUS Oinch -
MG15 4 2003 Complete.Pdf
VOLUME 15 PART 4 JULY 2003 East Midlands Geological Society Contents President Vice-President Profile 194 Ian Thomas Tony Morris Ian Thomas – President Secretary Treasurer Mercian News 195 John Wolff Mrs Christine Moore Geobrowser Review Editorial Board The Record Dr Tony Waltham Tony Morris From the Archives Dr John Carney Gerry Slavin Dr Andy Howard Mrs Judy Small Ian Jefferson, Ian Smalley, Kevin Northmore 199 Consequence of a modest loess fall Council over southern and midland England Dr Beris Cox Tony Morris Miss Lesley Dunn Janet Slatter Jonathan D. Radley 209 Dr Peter Gutteridge Dr Ian Sutton Warwickshire’s Jurassic geology: Dr Andy Howard John Travis past, present and future Robert Littlewood Neil Turner Sue Miles Dr Alf Whittaker Peter Gutteridge 219 A record of the Brigantian limestone succession Address for Correspondence in the partly infilled Dale Quarry, Wirksworth The Secretary, E.M.G.S. 4 Charnwood Close, Trevor D. Ford 225 Ravenshead NG15 9BZ William Martin, 1767-1810, pioneer 0774 386 2307 [email protected] palaeontologist The Mercian Geologist is published by the East Reports 232 Midlands Geological Society and printed by Quaternary in Norfolk – Richard Hamblin et al Norman Printing Ltd (Nottingham and London) on Mitchell Caverns – Alan Filmer paper made from wood pulp from renewable forests. Landmarks of Geology 235 No part of this publication may be reproduced in The reef at High Tor – Peter Gutteridge any printed or electronic medium without the prior written consent of the Society. Lecture Reports 238 Crinoid decapitation – Stephen Donovan Registered Charity No. 503617 Crinoid adaptation – Mike Simms Midlands glaciations – David Keen © 2003 East Midlands Geological Society Loss of the Aral Sea – Tony Waltham ISSN 0025 990X Silurian soft bodied fossils – David Siveter Southern Britain – John Cope Cover photograph: East side of the Derwent End-Permian extinction – Paul Wignall Gorge just below Matlock, seen from the slopes of Masson Hill.