DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovative Markets for Sustainable Agriculture How Innovations in Market Institutions Encourage Sustainable Agriculture in Developing Countries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovative Markets for Sustainable Agriculture How Innovations in Market Institutions Encourage Sustainable Agriculture in Developing Countries CULTURE CULTURE I VE MARKETS FOR FOR MARKETS VE I NABLE AGR NABLE I A INNOVAT SUST How innovations in market institutions encourage encourage institutions in market innovations How countries in developing agriculture sustainable INNOVATIVE MARKETS FOR How innovations in market institutions encourage FAO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE sustainable agriculture in developing countries INRA INNOVATIVE MARKETS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE How innovations in market institutions encourage sustainable agriculture in developing countries Edited by Allison Loconto Anne Sophie Poisot Pilar Santacoloma Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Rome, 2016 Recommended citation FAO/INRA. 2016. Innovative markets for sustainable agriculture – How innovations in market institutions encourage sustainable agriculture in developing countries, by Loconto, A., Poisot, A.S. & Santacoloma, P. (eds.) Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of INRA concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or INRA preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO, or INRA. ISBN 978-92-5-109327-6 © FAO, 2016 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents FOREWORD xiii PREfaCE xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvi ABSTRACT xvii ABOUT THE AUTHORS xviii ACRONYMS xxi CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 Allison Loconto, Anne Sophie Poisot and Pilar Santacoloma 1.1 Context 1 1.2 Justification 2 1.3 Institutional arrangements in innovation processes 4 1.4 Study methodology 7 1.5 Organization of the book 10 References 12 EMERGING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS CHAPTER 2 Business-oriented outreach programmes for sustainable cocoa production in Indonesia: an institutional innovation 17 Jeffrey Neilson and Fiona McKenzie 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Institutional landscape: cocoa farming in Sulawesi 20 2.3 Institutional innovation: a business-oriented and farmer-driven outreach programme 23 2.4 Results 30 2.5 Conclusions and recommendations 31 References 32 CHAPTER 3 Namibian Organic Association’s Participatory Guarantee System 37 Manjo Smith and Stephen Barrow 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Institutional landscape 39 3.3 Institutional innovation: NOA PGS 41 3.4 Results 51 iv 3.5 Conclusions 52 3.6 Recommendations 54 References 54 CHAPTER 4 Community-based farming scheme in Nigeria: enhancing sustainable agriculture 57 Jonathan J. Atungwu, Mure U. Agbonlahor, Isaac O.O. Aiyelaagbe and Victor I. Olowe 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Institutional landscape 59 4.3 Institutional innovation: community-based farming scheme for sustainable agricultural practices 61 4.4 Results 71 4.5 Conclusions 74 4.6 Recommendations 75 References 75 DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS CHAPTER 5 Familia de la Tierra participatory guarantee system in Colombia: Business innovation as a tool for social and productive change 79 Oscar Nieto 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Institutional environment 80 5.3 Institutional innovation: a network of families 82 5.4 Results and benefits 86 5.5 Conclusions and recommendations 87 References 89 CHAPTER 6 Strengthening local healthy food systems: An experiment in Ecuador’s central highlands 91 Ross M. Borja and Pedro J. Oyarzún 6.1 Introduction 91 6.2 Institutional landscape 94 6.3 Institutional innovation: linking producers with consumer groups 95 6.4 Results and benefits 102 6.5 Discussion and conclusions 108 6.6 Recommendations 109 References 110 v CHAPTER 7 Participatory guarantee systems: The case of smallholders in Indian markets 113 Ashish Gupta 7.1 Introduction 113 7.2 Institutional landscape 115 7.3 Institutional innovation: PGSOC and facilitation councils 116 7.4 Results: case studies of FCS in PGSOC 127 7.5 Conclusions 131 7.6 Challenges and recommendations 133 References 135 CHAPTER 8 Community-based organizations in sustainable production and marketing of agricultural products Integrated Pest Management Group in the Islamic Republic of Iran 137 Hossein Heidari and Alfredo Impiglia 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Institutional landscape 138 8.3 Institutional innovation: iranian integrated pest management and farmer field schools 142 8.4 Results 155 8.5 Conclusions 156 8.6 Recommendations 157 References 157 CHAPTER 9 Quezon Participatory Guarantee System in the Philippines Engaging smallholder farmers and other stakeholders in the development of sustainable agriculture 159 Carmen L. Cabling 9.1 Introduction 159 9.2 Innovation 161 9.3 Institutional landscape 162 9.4 Institutional innovation: Quezon Participatory Guarantee System 166 9.5 Results 174 9.6 Conclusions 177 9.7 Recommendations 178 References 180 vi CHAPTER 10 Moral Rice Network, Dharma Garden Temple, Yasothon province, Northeast Thailand 181 Alexander Kaufman and Nikom Petpha 10.1 Introduction 181 10.2 Institutional landscape 183 10.3 Institutional innovation: Moral Rice Network 186 10.4 Results 195 10.5 Conclusions 195 10.6 Recommendations 196 References 198 CHAPTER 11 Brasso Seco Paria community in Trinidad makes agritourism its business 201 Roxanne Waithe 11.1 Introduction 201 11.2 Institutional landscape 203 11.3 Institutional innovation: Brasso Seco TAC 205 11.4 Sustainability of results and benefits 214 11.5 Conclusions 216 11.6 Recommendations 216 References 217 CHAPTER 12 Facilitating social networks by linking smallholder organic farmers in Uganda to markets for sustainable products The Freshveggies Participatory Guarantee System 219 Julie M. Nakalanda and Irene B. Kugonza 12.1 Introduction 219 12.2 Institutional landscape 221 12.3 Institutional innovation 222 12.4 Results 230 12.5 Conclusions 233 12.6 Recommendations 234 References 235 vii CHAPTER 13 Role of cooperatives in linking sustainable agro-ecological farming practices to markets Kangulumira Area Cooperative Enterprise (KACE) in Uganda 237 Sylvia Nalubwama, Stephen Anecho, Muhammad Kiggundu, Norman Kwikiriza and Yahaya Wafana 13.1 Introduction 237 13.2 Institutional landscape 243 13.3 Institutional innovation: Kangulumira Area Cooperative Enterprise (KACE) 246 13.4 Results and benefits 254 13.5 Conclusions 255 13.6 Recommendations 256 References 257 CONVERGING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS CHAPTER 14 Songhai model of integrated production in Benin 259 Gaston Agossou, Gualbert Gbehounou, Godfrey Nzamujo, Anne-Sophie Poisot, Allison Loconto and Caterina Batello 14.1 Introduction 259 14.2 Institutional landscape 261 14.3 Institutional innovation: the Songhai model 263 14.4 Results: some advantages linked to the existence of the Songhai centre 274 14.5 Conclusions and recommendations 276 References 279 CHAPTER 15 Connecting producers and consumers through innovation mechanisms: short value chains and participatory guarantee systems Plurinational State of Bolivia 281 Hugo Chambilla S. and Eduardo López R. 15.1 Introduction 281 15.2 Institutional landscape 285 15.3 Institutional innovation: social control or peer review 288 15.4 Results and benefits 299 15.5 Conclusions and recommendations 299 References 300 viii CHAPTER 16 Institutional collaboration for sustainable agriculture: learning from the tea sector in the Southern Highlands of the United Republic of Tanzania 303 Filbert Kavia, Allison Loconto and Emmanuel Simbua 16.1 Introduction 303 16.2 Institutional landscape 305 16.3 Institutional innovation: certifying the tea subsector by rainforest alliance and sustainable agriculture network standards 309 16.4 Results 320 16.5 Conclusions 321 16.6 Recommendations 323 References 324 CHAPTER 17 Why and how market institutions create incentives for adopting sustainable agricultural practices 327 Allison Loconto and Marcello Vicovaro 17.1 Institutional innovation as a framework for analysis 327 17.2 Why create markets for sustainably farmed products? 329 17.3 How were markets created for sustainably farmed products? 337 17.4 Institutional innovations and how they work 350 17.5 Conclusions 359 References 362 FIGURES 2.1 Changing composition of the workforce in Indonesia (1985–2012) 18 2.2 Exports of cocoa products from Indonesia 28 3.1 NOA PGS organizational structure 42 3.2 Map of NOA PGS farms in Namibia 44 3.3 Different markets for organic produce in Namibia 50 3.4 NOA certification marks 51 4.1 Quarterly investment in community-based training
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reporte Nacional De Afectación Por Inundación N° 36 Viceministerio De Defensa Civil - VIDECI FH 051500-MAR-2021
    O.N.D.:Observatorio Nacional de Desastres Reporte Nacional de Afectación por Inundación N° 36 Viceministerio de Defensa Civil - VIDECI FH 051500-MAR-2021 Este reporte es elaborado por el Sistema Integrado de Información y Alerta para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres – SINAGER-SAT, en colaboración con Defensa Civil, Gobernaciones, Municipios y diferentes instancias considerando la temporada de Lluvias a partir del 09 de noviembre del 2020. 1. Declaratorias de Situación de Emergencia y/o Desastre Nacional: - Ninguna. Departamental: Nro. Departamento Tipo de documento Tipo de Declaratoria Decreto Departamental N° Declaratoria * Decretos Departamentales que cumplieron con la temporalidad de declaratoria, de acuerdo al D.R. 2342, art. 65 la Ley 602. 2. Reporte Nacional por Municipios Fecha del Fam. Fam. Viv. tipo de Tipo de Dpto. Municipio Evento Has. Afec. Muertos Desaparecido obs. evento Afec. Dam. Afec. Decl. Documento Fallecidos: Justina Andia Condori (45 años) y Hilarion Luribay Mazamorra 1/12/2020 719 0 150 0 2 0 julio Andia mamani (50 años) Destrozos de magnitud en viviendas, cultivos, en Guaqui Granizada 7/12/2020 0 0 0 0 0 0 animales y pequeñas aves. Tihuanacu Granizada 2/12/2020 300 0 20 0 0 0 Daños en cultivos de papa, haba y forraje. Soldado Maycol Jacson Oliver (22 años), lugar Apolo Riada 24/12/2020 1 0 0 0 1 0 comunidad San Fermín RI-30 Murillo Mazamorra que afectó tres viviendas en la zona límite Nuestra Sra entre Santísima Trinidad y San José Condorini del de La Paz Mazamorra 28/12/2020 3 0 0 3 0 0 Macrodistrito Periférica debido al movimiento de tierras (Periferica) y la tala de árboles en el sector.
    [Show full text]
  • To Check out Katie's Project Regarding Smallholder Organic Farmers in Cusco, Peru
    Executive Summary This paper will explore the topic of connecting smallholder organic farmers in the Cusco region of Peru to local markets, with a focus on tourist restaurants and hotels. Research was conducted in the summer of 2018, which included interviews with local smallholder farmers (referred to as Ricardo, Hugo, Veronica, Juanita, and Cynthia in the following sections) and restaurant and hotel owners, in addition to a survey of over 200 tourists. This research, in addition to a thorough literature review, revealed many challenges that smallholder farmers are facing in the region, as well as opportunities to address these challenges. It will review topics including food sovereignty, the economic context of agriculture in Peru, environmental issues, public health, the valuation of traditional knowledge in agriculture, stigmas of farmers, and rural to urban migration. It will discuss the role that EcoHuella, the demonstration agroecology farm of the local NGO Andean Alliance, is playing to address these issues. The vision of EcoHuella, in accordance with many of the others farmers interviewed, is the liberation of smallholder farmers. One avenue to achieving this liberation, which calls for more autonomy, agency, and self-esteem for these farmers, is through local market access. The following sections will explain how market access can address these challenges in order to achieve farmer liberation. Introduction Smallholder farmers in Peru in the Sacred Valley and surrounding highland communities, owning farms with 5 hectares of land or less, have seen radical changes to their practices and livelihoods in the past several decades, including environmental, public health, economic, agricultural, and sociocultural shifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical Holism and Agriculture: Cultivating Our Roots
    Book Manuscript Final Draft Title: Biblical Holism and Agriculture: Cultivating our Roots Submitted to: William Carey Library Publishing Office Submitted by Editors: David J. Evans, Ronald J. Vos, and Keith P. Wright On 03 October 2003 CONTENTS Editors and Contributors Forward Introduction Building Consensus for Biblical Holism in Agriculture David J. Evans and Keith Wright The Agriculturist and God Chapter 1: Reclaiming a Biblical Vision for Agriculture Wayne A. Kobes Chapter 2: The Worship of God through Agriculture Jesse T. Njoka The Agriculturist and Humanity Chapter 3: Social Principles for ‘Good’ Agriculture Ronald J. Vos Chapter 4: Behold I Give You: A Christian Perspective on Farming James Ball The Agriculturist and Creation Chapter 5: Production Principles for ‘Good’ Agriculture Robert De Haan Chapter 6: Enabling Creation’s Praise: Lessons in Agricultural Stewardship from Africa Harry Spaling The Agriculturist and Knowledge Chapter 7: Affinity, Dominion, and the Poverty of our Day: Calling and Task of Agri- Culture in a World That Belongs to God John H. Kok i The Agriculturist and Purpose Chapter 8: Agriculture and the Kingdom of God Darrow Miller Chapter 9: On Dams, Demons, Wells and Witches: Managing the Message of Transformational Development Bruce Bradshaw The Agriculturist and Ethics Chapter 10: The Bible as Ethical Standard for Appraising Modern Agricultural Practices Michael Oye Chapter 11: Integration Towards Ethical Agriculture: Challenges, Principles and Practice in International Perspective E. John Wibberley The Agriculturist and Economics Chapter 12: Is Our Agricultural House Built on Sand? Biblical Holism in Agriculture and the Assumption of Monotonicity in the Utility Function Kara Unger Ball Chapter 13: Redeeming Agriculture and Economics through Worldview Transformation Greg De Haan Conclusion Give Us this Day our Daily Bread: A Prayer to the First Farmer David J.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd)
    plants Review Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Emma M. McGinty 1, Kevin M. Murphy 2 and Amber L. Hauvermale 2,* 1 The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+1-509-335-3661 Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa. Citation: McGinty, E.M.; Murphy, Keywords: abscisic acid; desiccation sensitivity; gibberellin; hormone signaling; precocious germina- K.M.; Hauvermale, A.L. Seed tion; seed morphology Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
    [Show full text]
  • Read More About SDG Bond Framework
    1 C1 - Public Natixis Summary FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 4 PART I: Benin mobilised for the 2030 Agenda ....................................................................................... 5 1. The basics about the Republic of Benin .......................................................................................... 5 1.1 Political and administrative organisation of Benin ..................................................................... 6 1.2 A predominately young and rural population ............................................................................. 6 1.3 Human development indicators are improving .......................................................................... 8 1.4 Benin’s economic structure ........................................................................................................ 8 1.5 The authorities’ response to the Covid-19 pandemic ................................................................ 9 2. Actions and policies closely anchored to the 2030 Agenda .......................................................... 11 2.1 Actions for taking ownership of the 2030 Agenda ................................................................... 11 2.2 Mobilising institutions and transforming public action to reach the SDGs ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical and Nutritional Assessment of Guava (Psidium Guajava)
    IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 4, Issue 5 (Sep. – Oct. 2018), PP 01-07 www.iosrjournals.org Biochemical And Nutritional Assessment Of Guava (Psidium Guajava) Dr. Jyoti D. Vora1, Ms. Gautami Mankame2, Mr. Pranay Madav3. 1Guide & Head, 2,3Student, Department of Biochemistry & Food Science and Quality Control Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga, Mumbai – 400019 Corresponding Author: Dr. Jyoti D. Vora Abstract: Guava (Psidium guajava) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Myrtaceae grown for its edible fruits. Analysis of proximate principles of guava was carried out and nutritional profiles of white and red pulp guava were established.Proximate analysis indicated that the carbohydrate content in the white pulp guava was found to behigher than the red pulp guava. The protein content varied significantly with more amount of proteins in the red pulp guava. The amount of crude fibres in red pulp guava was found to be more as compared to white pulp guava. The results for moisture content indicated that the red variety contains less amount of water. The mineral elements analysis indicated that the red pulp guava fruit was significantly higher in Calcium, Sodium and Phosphorous. The white variety was found to be rich in potassium. Sodium content in white guava was in very minute quantity and hence was not detectable. The value of ascorbic acid was higher in red guava, which indicated that the red pulp variety is richer in vitamin C.Isolation of pectin displayed that the white variety of guava exhibited more amount of pectin than the red one.There are a number of citied documents to prove the nutritional significance of guava, but in order to test this significance and hold between the two, most commonly found varieties of this fruit i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effectivity of Tomato and Guava Combination
    ICHP The First International Conference on Health Profession Volume 2019 Conference Paper The Effectivity of Tomato and Guava Combination Juice and Guava Juice Administration on Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Hasneli, Safyanti, and Ainil Mardhiyah Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Padang Abstract This study aims to determine the effectivity of tomato and guava juice combination with guava juice on blood glucose levels of patients with type II diabetes mellitus in the work area of Kuranji Padang Health Center in 2019. This quasi-experimental study used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population of this study was all patients with type II diabetes mellitus in the working area of Kuranji Health Center, Padang City. Sampling is done by purposive sampling. The number of samples was 24 people, divided into treatment groups and a control group. The data obtained were Corresponding Author: analyzed by two different dependent tests and an independent t-test. The results of Hasneli statistical tests showed that there were significant differences between the average Received: 23 September 2019 decrease in fasting blood glucose levels of respondents who were given tomato and Accepted: 18 November 2019 guava combination juice with respondents who were given guava juice (p = 0,026). Published: 22 December 2019 People with diabetes mellitus are expected to consume tomato and guava combination Publishing services provided by juice as a form of complementary therapy. Knowledge E Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level, tomato, guava Hasneli et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geography of Welfare in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D'ivoire, and Togo
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The Geography of Welfare in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo Public Disclosure Authorized Nga Thi Viet Nguyen and Felipe F. Dizon Public Disclosure Authorized 00000_CVR_English.indd 1 12/6/17 2:29 PM November 2017 The Geography of Welfare in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo Nga Thi Viet Nguyen and Felipe F. Dizon 00000_Geography_Welfare-English.indd 1 11/29/17 3:34 PM Photo Credits Cover page (top): © Georges Tadonki Cover page (center): © Curt Carnemark/World Bank Cover page (bottom): © Curt Carnemark/World Bank Page 1: © Adrian Turner/Flickr Page 7: © Arne Hoel/World Bank Page 15: © Adrian Turner/Flickr Page 32: © Dominic Chavez/World Bank Page 48: © Arne Hoel/World Bank Page 56: © Ami Vitale/World Bank 00000_Geography_Welfare-English.indd 2 12/6/17 3:27 PM Acknowledgments This study was prepared by Nga Thi Viet Nguyen The team greatly benefited from the valuable and Felipe F. Dizon. Additional contributions were support and feedback of Félicien Accrombessy, made by Brian Blankespoor, Michael Norton, and Prosper R. Backiny-Yetna, Roy Katayama, Rose Irvin Rojas. Marina Tolchinsky provided valuable Mungai, and Kané Youssouf. The team also thanks research assistance. Administrative support by Erick Herman Abiassi, Kathleen Beegle, Benjamin Siele Shifferaw Ketema is gratefully acknowledged. Billard, Luc Christiaensen, Quy-Toan Do, Kristen Himelein, Johannes Hoogeveen, Aparajita Goyal, Overall guidance for this report was received from Jacques Morisset, Elisée Ouedraogo, and Ashesh Andrew L. Dabalen. Prasann for their discussion and comments. Joanne Gaskell, Ayah Mahgoub, and Aly Sanoh pro- vided detailed and careful peer review comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Education for the Development of Integrated Crop-Livestock-Fishfarming Systems in the Tropics DEC 2 1
    S'H ICLARM STUDIESAND REVIEWS16 I. 207 I SR76 #.16 C.t 1 Research and Education for the Development of , r Integrated Crop-livestock-Fish Farming t \ Systems in the Tropics P. Edwards R.S.V. Pullin J.A. Gartner I If - I:' '!Io, .. .... \D ',- .'. , r . ~ _frl~TERNATIONAL C~NTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAG.EMENT , " i ' :1 i I .I earch and Education for the Development of Integrated Crop-Livestock-Fish Farming Systems in the Tropics J.A. Gartner INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Research and education for the development of integrated crop-livestock-fishfarming systems in the tropics DEC 2 1 P. EDWARDS R.S.V. hum J. A. GARTNER Published by the International Center for Living Aauatic Reswrces Mana~ement.MC P.O. Box 1501. ~hcati,Metm Manila, Pklippiis with fmancid assistance from the United Nations Development Programme New York. USA Printed in Manila. Philippines Edwards. P.. R.S.V. Pullin and J.A. Gamer. 1988. Research and education for the development of integrated cmp-livestock-fish farming systems in the tropics. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 16.53 p. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines. ISSN 01 15-4389 ISBN 97 1-1022-46-X Cover: Small-scale integrated crop-livestock-fish farming in a rainfed area of Northeast ?hailand. ?his ria farm has a small fishpond that provides fish. pennits dry season cultivation of vegetables on rhe dikes and suppliis drinking water for livestock. ICLARM Contribution No. 470 Contents Preface ................................................. Introduction .............................................. The Concept of Integrated Farming Systems A Definition of Integrated Farming ...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Assessment Waste Management
    Executive Summary 1 The purpose of this report is to make a preliminary assessment of green jobs potentials in the waste management sector in Lebanon, including solid waste management, hazardous waste management and wastewater treatment. This report provides an overview of waste management in Lebanon, considers potentials for greening the sector, and estimates current and future green jobs in waste management. The current state of the waste management sector in Lebanon is far from ideal. Collection activities are fairly advanced when it comes to municipal solid waste, but insufficient for wastewater, and totally lacking for hazardous waste. Currently only two-thirds of the total generated solid waste undergoes some form of treatment, while the remainder is discarded in open dumpsites or directly into nature. Moreover, wastewater treatment is insufficient and Lebanon currently lacks any effective strategy or system for dealing with most hazardous waste. Incrementally, the sector is nonetheless changing. In recent years green activities such as sorting, composting and recycling have become more common, advanced medical waste treatment is being developed, and several international organisations, NGOs and private enterprises have launched initiatives to green the sector and reduce its environmental impact. Also large-scale governmental initiatives to close down and rehabilitate dumpsites and construct new waste management facilities and wastewater treatment plants are currently being planned or implemented, which will have a considerable impact in greening the waste management sector in Lebanon. In this report, green jobs in waste management are defined as jobs providing decent work that seek to decrease waste loads and the use of virgin resources through reuse, recycling and recovery, and reduce the environmental impact of the waste sector by containing or treating substances that are harmful to the natural environment and public health.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Operational Eoa- I Project Report for Benin 2018
    0 REPUBLIC OF BENIN -=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Organisation Béninoise Pour la Promotion de l’Agriculture Biologique (OBEPAB) -=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Project Mainstreaming Ecological Organic Agriculture (EOA) intoNational Policies, Strategies and Programmes in Africa Technical annual report for 2018 Reporting Period: January to December 2018 Supported by 0 1 Table content Page 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 3 3. Major achievements ............................................................................................................................ 3 4. Challenges of EOA Implementation in Benin ..................................................................................... 7 5. Lessons to be learnt in EOA Implementation in Benin ...................................................................... 7 6. Recommendations and Conclusions in EOA Implementation in Benin ............................................ 8 1 2 1. Introduction Agriculture is the basis of the national economy. It occupies almost 70% of the active population and contributes 38% of GDP. However, current production systems, farmers use mostly mineral fertilizers for soil fertilization and synthetic chemical pesticides for pest management. Chemicals are used for other purposes among which are for food storage.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture: Compounds and Derivatives with ‘Culture’
    THE ENGLISH OF AGRICULTURE: COMPOUNDS AND DERIVATIVES WITH ‘CULTURE’ ENGLESKI U POLJOPRIVREDI. SLOŽENICE I IZVEDENICE S RIJEČI “CULTURE” ANICA PERKOVIC*, GEORGETA RAŢĂ**, IOAN PETROMAN** *J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia **Agricultural and Veterinary University of the Banat, Timişoara, Romania Abstract: Agriculture (whose name was attested Sažetak: Poljoprivreda (čiji naziv se pojavljuje pvi for the first time between 1425 and 1475) has been puta između 1415. I 1475.) se razvija od davnina. developing from times immemorial. New Nove poljoprivredne grane su rezultirale i agricultural branches have brought about new uvođenjem posebnih termina za njihovo terms to designate them, from horticulture označavanje počevši od horticulture (pojavljuje se (attested ever since 1670-1680) and going on with od 1670. – 1680.) zatim floriculture, floriculture, arboriculture, terms appeared during arboriculture,terminima koji su se pojavili tijekom the 19th century, and with mariculture, 19. stoljeća, potom mariculture, monoculture, monoculture, polyculture, and citriculture, terms polyculture i citriculture, terminima koji se appeared during the 20th century, to permaculture javljaju u 20.st. do permaculture (termina koji se (a term that appeared sometime in the 1970s), or to pojavljuje 1970-ih ) ili do aeroculture, aeroculture, agrosilviculture, algaculture, agrosilviculture, algaculture, animaliculture, animaliculture, boviculture, caniculture, boviculture, caniculture, heliculture, heliculture, mosaiculture, multiculture, mosaiculture,
    [Show full text]