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Redalyc.Citotaxonomía Y Distribución Del Género Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

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Redalyc.Citotaxonomía Y Distribución Del Género Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Lanzone, Cecilia; Ojeda, Ricardo A. Citotaxonomía y distribución del género Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 12, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2005, pp. 73-77 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45712109 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 12(1):73-77, Mendoza, 2005 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2005 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 CITOTAXONOMÍA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL GÉNERO ELIGMODONTIA (RODENTIA, CRICETIDAE, SIGMODONTINAE) Cecilia Lanzone1 y Ricardo A. Ojeda2 Grupo de Investigaciones de la Biodiversidad, IADIZA-CONICET; CRICYT, CC 507, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina. 1 <[email protected]> 2 <[email protected]> Key words. Caryotype. Distribution. Phyllotine. Sigmodontine rodents. Type locality. La familia Cricetidae comprende un grupo de ción clara, la coalescencia de las almohadillas roedores de distribución mundial, siendo la plantales en una sola, bullas timpánicas gran- subfamilia Sigmodontinae un linaje que se di- des, patas traseras alargadas y riñones especia- ferenció de modo independiente en Sudamérica lizados para el mantenimiento hídrico en con- (Reig, 1981). Ecológicamente es un grupo di- diciones de escasez de agua (Mares, 1977; Diaz verso, con una gama amplia de formas de vida y Ojeda, 1999), entre otros. que ocupa distintos hábitats de la Región No existen caracteres únicos para diferen- Neotropical, desde el nivel del mar hasta por ciar a las especies de Eligmodontia. Las dis- arriba de los 5000 m (Hershkovitz, 1962; tintas descripciones de los tipos y subespecies Myers, 1989; Braun, 1993; Smith y Patton, se han basado en pocos caracteres y general- 1993, 1999; Steppan,1995; Pardiñas et al., mente relacionados con morfología externa. 2002). Entre éstos, la coloración de los pelos del vien- El estado de la taxonomía y distribución del tre (blanco hasta la base o base grisácea), la diverso y complejo grupo de roedores sigmo- cola (bicolor o no, terminada en pincel o no, dontinos sudamericanos es objeto de continua largo en relación al cuerpo) y otros reflejan revisión y actualización (Myers, 1989; Ortells una gran variabilidad (observaciones persona- et al., 1989; Kelt et al., 1991; Tiranti, 1998; les). Esta variabilidad, asociada a la ausencia Theiler et al., 1999). Dentro de la tribu Phyllo- de estudios que integren morfología, tini, el género Eligmodontia tiene una distribu- morfometría y genética, ha llevado a interpre- ción que abarca desde el desierto de altura de taciones dispares entre distintos autores sobre la Puna y las tierras bajas áridas del desierto el número de especies y rangos de distribución del Monte a la costa Atlántica y la estepa geográfica. Sin embargo, el análisis Patagónica en Argentina, Chile, Bolivia y Perú. multivariado de un número mayor de datos Estos ecosistemas áridos son heterogéneos y morfológicos, externos y craneales ha permiti- distintos entre ellos y han constituido un im- do la identificación de las especies patagónicas portante escenario de la evolución de la fauna de Eligmodontia (Sikes et al., 1997). de mamíferos Sudamericanos (Patterson y Pas- Como parte del programa de investigaciones cual, 1972; Reig, 1981; Ojeda et al., 2000). en biogeografía, evolución y ecología de roe- Eligmodontia posee varios caracteres espe- dores de las tierras áridas de Argentina, propo- cializados para la vida en las regiones áridas y nemos en esta nota un panorama sintético, arenosas, entre los que se encuentran: colora- buscando clarificar, hasta el presente, el esta- Recibido 2 febrero 2005. Aceptación final 16 mayo 2005. 74 Mastozoología Neotropical, 12(1):73-77, Mendoza, 2005 C. Lanzone y R. A. Ojeda www.cricyt.edu.ar/mn.htm do taxonómico y distribución de las especies reconocen cuatro especies: E. typus (centro de de Eligmodontia, basándonos en las descrip- Argentina y Chile), E. moreni (laderas andinas ciones originales, localidades tipo, e informa- desde Salta a Neuquén), E. morgani (oeste de ción citogenética disponible. la Patagonia de la región sur de Argentina y En la Tabla 1 se listan las especies de Chile) y E. puerulus (sur de Perú, noreste de Eligmodontia y sus localidades tipo. Cabrera Chile, oeste de Bolivia y noroeste de Argenti- (1961) reconoce sólo dos especies: E. puerulus na) y sugieren una interdigitación compleja de y E. typus. Hershkovitz (1962) realiza la pri- sus rangos geográficos en los valles y monta- mera revisión completa del género. Este autor ñas de la cordillera de los Andes. Por otro sinonimiza todas las formas en dos subespecies: lado, Braun (1993) reconoce seis especies: E. E. typus typus (sur de Chile y en Argentina hirtipes (tierras altas de Bolivia y norte de desde el Estrecho de Magallanes hasta La Argentina), E. marica (Catamarca), E. moreni Pampa y Buenos Aires) y E. typus puerulus (desierto del Monte septentrional), E. morgani (Puna, Lagos y Salares del noroeste de Argen- (sur y sudoeste de Argentina y Chile), E. tina, en las provincias de Jujuy, Salta, puerulus (tierras altas del sur de Perú, norte de Catamarca, La Rioja y San Juan, oeste de Chile y noroeste de Argentina) y E. typus (sur Bolivia, noroeste de Chile y extremo sur del de Argentina). Perú, de 500-4800 m). Redford y Eisenberg En la Tabla 1 sintetizamos los cinco (1992) reconocen una sola especie: E. typus, cariotipos descriptos para las especies de aunque afirman que este género podría conte- Eligmodontia. Se desconoce el cariotipo de E. ner dos o más especies, pero sin indicar a cuáles marica y el cariotipo asignado a E. moreni es hacen referencia. Musser y Carleton (1993) dudoso. El cariotipo de esta última especie Tabla 1 Especies de Eligmodontia que han sido descriptas, localidades tipo, autor, año, características cromosómicas (2n=número diploide, NF=número fundamental) y referencias bibliográficas. *Cariotipos descriptos original- mente como pertenecientes a otra especie del género. Especie Localidad tipo 2n/NF Referencias E. typus F. Cuvier, 1837 Argentina, Buenos Aires 43-44/44 Ortells et al., 1989; Hillyard et al., 1997; Sikes et al., 1997; Tiranti, 1997 E. moreni Thomas, 1896 Argentina, La Rioja- Chilecito 52/50 Hernández, 2000; Lanzone (1200m) y Ojeda, datos inéditos E. morgani Allen, 1901 Argentina, Santa Cruz- 32-33-34/32 Ortells et al., 1989; Kelt et Patagonia-Arroyo Else-Cañones al., 1991; Hillyard et al., basálticos-50 millas SE Lago 1997; Sikes et al., 1997 Buenos Aires. Tiranti, 1997 E. puerulus (Philippi, Chile, San Pedro de Atacama, 32-34/48* Pearson y Patton, 1976; 1896) 3223m Ortells et al., 1989; Kelt et al., 1991; Spotorno et al., 1994, 1998; Lanzone y Ojeda, datos inéditos E. marica Thomas, 1918 Argentina, Catamarca, ? Chumbicha, 600m E. hirtipes Thomas, 1916 Bolivia, Oruro, 3750m 50/48* Spotorno et al., 1994 TAXONOMÍA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ELIGMODONTIA 75 80 60 40 0 0 15 15 puerulus hirtipes 32/48 50/48 moreni 30 30 52/50 typus morgani 44/44 34-32/32 0 1000 kilómetros 1000 millas 45 45 Océano Pacífico ? Océano Atlántico 9075 60 45 30 Fig. 1. Rangos geográficos propuestos para las especies del género Eligmodontia. Los números indican 2n y NF de las especies. corresponde a ejemplares del Salar de Cauchari, cuya localidad tipo se encuentra a 355 km de Provincia de Jujuy (Spotorno et al., 1994), en nuestros registros. la Puna de Argentina a > 3500 m. Este sitio Integrando las localidades tipo y los está distante aproximadamente unos 600 km cariotipos reportados por distintos autores (ver de la localidad tipo de moreni (Chilecito, 1200 Tabla 1), proponemos la Figura 1 como sín- m, La Rioja, en el desierto del Monte). Aquí tesis de distribución de las especies de proponemos que el cariotipo asignado a E. Eligmodontia. moreni se trata en realidad del citotipo de E. Destacamos con interrogantes aquellas regio- puerulus, cuya localidad tipo se ubica en San nes donde aún desconocemos los citotipos Pedro de Atacama (Philippi, 1896), distante presentes o aspectos relacionados con la distri- unos 150 km del Salar de Cauchari. Esta pro- bución (ej. E. typus en extremo austral de la puesta está a su vez sustentada por datos estepa patagónica y margen oriental del centro citogenéticos cercanos a esta localidad típica de Argentina). En líneas generales encontra- (Spotorno et al., 1998) y análisis propios de la mos a E. puerulus (2n=32-34, NF=48 ) en la Puna de Jujuy (Lanzone y Ojeda, en prep). región de Puna de Chile, noroeste de Argenti- Mas aún, el citotipo de Eligmodontia sp., na y se desconoce su posible presencia en Perú. 2n=52 (NF=50), registrado para el desierto del La ocurrencia de E. puerulus en Bolivia la Monte de Mendoza (Hernández García, 2001; caracterizamos como dudosa. Recientemente E. Lanzone et al., 2004) y Catamarca (Lanzone y hirtipes fue sinonimizada con E. puerulus por Ojeda, en prep.) correspondería a E. moreni, Anderson (1997). Si bien existe confusión con 76 Mastozoología Neotropical, 12(1):73-77, Mendoza, 2005 C. Lanzone y R. A. Ojeda www.cricyt.edu.ar/mn.htm respecto al nombre especifico que debería DÍAZ GB y RA OJEDA. 1999. Kidney structure of poseer la especie con 50 cromosomas, la cual Argentine desert rodents. Journal of Arid Environments 41:453-461. en este trabajo denominamos E. hirtipes, des- HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA E. 2001. Variación cromosómica conocemos si existe más de una especie de en Eligmodontia (Muridae, Sigmodontinae). Tesis Eligmodontia en ese país. Las formas E. mo- Magíster inédita, Universidad Austral de Chile, Fa- reni (aquí asignada al citotipo 2n= 52, NF= cultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología y Evolu- ción.
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