DANIEL L. SCHACTER July 2021 Personal
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Neuregulin Induces the Expression of Transcription Factors and Myosin Heavy Chains Typical of Muscle Spindles in Cultured Human Muscle
Neuregulin induces the expression of transcription factors and myosin heavy chains typical of muscle spindles in cultured human muscle Christian Jacobson*, David Duggan†, and Gerald Fischbach‡§ *Microarray Unit, Genetics and Genomics Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; †Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004; and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032 Contributed by Gerald Fischbach, June 29, 2004 Neuregulin (NRG) (also known as ARIA, GGF, and other names) is (DRG) (28), proprioceptive sensory neurons in particular, ex- a heparin sulfate proteoglycan secreted into the neuromuscular press NRG early in development (14, 29, 30). While these junction by innervating motor and sensory neurons. An integral experiments were ongoing, reports appeared implicating NRG in part of synapse formation, we have analyzed NRG-induced the development of muscle spindles. Hippenmeyer et al. (14) changes in gene expression over 48 h in primary human myotubes. showed that NRG induces the expression of early growth We show that in addition to increasing the expression of acetyl- response 3 (Egr3), a transcription factor that is critical to the choline receptors on the myotube surface, NRG treatment results differentiation of muscle spindle fibers (31). Evidence for NRG’s in a transient increase of several members of the early growth role in spindle formation is re-enforced by the phenotypic response (Egr) family of transcription factors. Three Egrs, Egr1, -2, similarities between conditional Erb2 knockout animals and and -3, are induced within the first hour of NRG treatment, with Egr3 null mice (13, 15, 24). -
The Similarity Structure of Real-World Memories
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428278; this version posted January 30, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The Similarity Structure of Real-World Memories Tyler M. Tomita1, Morgan D. Barense 2;3 & Christopher J. Honey1 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 2Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada 3Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada How do we mentally organize our memories of life events? Two episodes may be connected because they share a similar location, time period, activity, spatial environment, or social and emotional content. However, we lack an understanding of how each of these dimensions contributes to the perceived similarity of two life memories. We addressed this question with a data-driven approach, eliciting pairs of real-life memories from participants. Participants annotated the social, purposive, spatial, temporal, and emotional characteristics of their memories. We found that the overall sim- ilarity of memories was influenced by all of these factors, but to very different extents. Emotional features were the most consistent single predictor of overall memory similarity. Memories with dif- ferent emotional tone were reliably perceived to be dissimilar, even when they occurred at similar times and places and involved similar people; conversely, memories with a shared emotional tone were perceived as similar even when they occurred at different times and places, and involved dif- ferent people. -
The Curious Complexity Between Confidence and Accuracy In
4 The Curious Complexity between Confi dence and Accuracy in Reports from Memory HENRY L. ROEDIGER III, JOHN H. WIXTED, AND K. ANDREW DESOTO Th e relation between the probability of remembering an event and one’s confi dence in it seems obvious: Th e more confi dent a person is in remember- ing an event, the more accurate he or she will be (and vice versa). Imagine giv- ing people a series of events to remember every day for a week, say 10 per day. Th e events could be sentences such as “Th e hippie touched the debutante in the park” or “Th e policeman arrested the homeless woman near the movie theater.” Th en, on the seventh day, people could be asked to recall (or recognize) all the sentences that had been presented that seventh day, and those from the third day of the experiment, and to rate the confi dence of each reported memory. It would surprise no one to learn that people would correctly remember more sentences from the seventh day than from the third day; surely they would be more accurate for the recent memories. In addition, there is no doubt that their confi dence would track their accuracy if confi dence were measured on, say, a 7-point rating scale (from 7 = sure the event happened to 1 = sure the event did not happen). People would be much more confi dent for the recently presented sentences than for those heard 4 days previously. Th e reason people can intuit the result of this experiment so accurately is that we essentially live this exper- iment every day of our lives. -
COLUMBIA Columbia University DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE VENTURES
COLUMBIA columbia university DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE VENTURES Brain and Mind May 13, 2004 Gerald D. Fischbach, MD Neuroscience and Neuropathology—Converging Streams Introduction by Lee Bollinger President Lee Bollinger: This symposium is the result of the very, very hard work of Professor Tom Jessell and Dr. Joanna Rubinstein, and I want to thank and acknowledge them, and would like to thank all of you for coming. This is a great testament to the general perceived importance of the subjects of this symposium. I want to thank all the speakers who have come to participate. I want to take this occasion just to announce that Columbia will be launching—we are launching, as of this moment—an institute for neuroscience that will be part (eventually) of the major center for the study of the brain and behavior. We all, I think, recognize in the academy the extraordinary advances that have come just in the past few decades, the past decade in particular, because of the discoveries around the genetic code. Where that will take us of course we don't know, and we're making very, very significant investments across the country in trying to advance knowledge as a result of that new knowledge. But the study of the brain and how it works is clearly central not only to the curing of disease, but also to the understandings that we bring to every, virtually every, area of life: social sciences, the professions, and the humanities. And it is Columbia's goal to try to bring as many scientific advances as we possibly can to this area, and also to integrate it with other areas of knowledge. -
Neuregulin and Erbb Receptors Play a Critical Role in Neuronal Migration
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Neuron, Vol. 19, 39±50, July, 1997, Copyright 1997 by Cell Press Neuregulin and erbB Receptors Play a Critical Role in Neuronal Migration Carlos Rio,*³ Heather I Rieff,*²³ Peimin Qi,* the external germinal layer (EGL) and migrate inward and Gabriel Corfas*² along Bergmann radial fibers to their final destination, *Division of Neuroscience and Department the internal granule cell layer (IGL) (Rakic, 1971). In ro- of Neurology dents, this migration takes place during the first 2 post- Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical natal weeks. Granule cell migration has been studied School in vitro in both cerebellar slices and in cocultures of 300 Longwood Avenue dissociated cerebellar granule cells and astroglia. These ² Program in Neuroscience studies have implicated a number of molecules in steps Harvard Medical School of the migration process, for example, cell adhesion 220 Longwood Avenue molecules, i.e., AMOG (Antonicek et al., 1987; Gloor et Boston, Massachusetts 02115 al. 1990) and astrotactin (Zheng et al., 1996); ion chan- nels, i.e., NMDA receptors (Komuro and Rakic, 1993) and Ca21 channels (Komuro and Rakic, 1992). In addition, Summary studies of mutant mouse lines with defects in brain de- velopment have led to the identification of other mole- The migration of neuronal precursors along radial glial cules, including potassium channels in the case of the fibers is a critical step in the formation of the nervous weaver mutant (Rakic and Sidman, 1973; Patil et al., system. In this report, we show that neuregulin±erbB 1995); the extracellular matrix protein reelin in the reeler receptor signaling plays a crucial role in the migration mutant (Caviness and Sidman, 1973; D'Arcangelo et al., of cerebellar granule cells along radial glial fibers. -
And Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Neurons in Rat and Monkey Neocortex’
0270.6474/84/0410-2497$02.00/O The Journal of Neuroscience Copyright 0 Society for Neuroscience Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 2497-2517 Printed in U.S.A. October 1984 MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION, AND SYNAPTIC RELATIONS OF SOMATOSTATIN- AND NEUROPEPTIDE Y-IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS IN RAT AND MONKEY NEOCORTEX’ S. H. C. HENDRY,* E. G. JONES,*** AND P. C. EMSONS *James L. O’Leary Division of Experimental Neurology and Neurological Surgery and McDonnell Center for Studies of Higher Brain Function, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 and $ MRC Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Medical Research Council Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2&H, England Received January 6,1984, Revised March 23,1934; Accepted March 30,1964 Abstract Neurons in the monkey and rat cerebral cortex immunoreactive for somatostatin tetradecapeptide (SRIF) and for neuropeptide Y (NPY) were examined in the light and electron microscope. Neurons immunoreactive for either peptide are found in all areas of monkey cortex examined as well as throughout the rat cerebral cortex and in the subcortical white matter of both species. In monkey and rat cortex, SRIF-positive neurons are morphologically very similar to NPY-positive neurons. Of the total population of SRIF-positive and NPY- positive neurons in sensory-motor and parietal cortex of monkeys, a minimum of 24% was immunoreactive for both peptides. Most cell bodies are small (8 to 10 pm in diameter) and are present through the depth of the cortex but are densest in layers II-III, in layer VI, and in the subjacent white matter. From the cell bodies several processes commonly emerge, branch two or three times, become beaded, and extend for long distances through the cortex. -
Directed Searches for Continuous Gravitational Waves from Spinning Neutron Stars in Binary Systems
Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars in binary systems by Grant David Meadors Adissertationsubmittedinpartialfulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Physics) in The University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor John Keith Riles, Chair Professor Fred C. Adams Professor Nuria Pilar Calvet Research Scientist Herold Richard Gustafson Professor Timothy A. McKay Professor Stephen C. Rand c Grant David Meadors 2014 ⃝ All Rights Reserved To the tree of Life, which took stardust and evolved into us. Pro arbore Vitae, ex nube stellarum ad nos evolvit. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks should go beyond a simple page. Lest I forget, let me reflect on all the people without whom I would not have made it here. To my parents, Erin O’Rourke- Meadors and Gregory David Meadors, and my brother, Patrick Thomas Meadors. Home’s name follows you; three decades have we explored – beyond seas, roots grow. My dear grandmother, Florenceann O’Rourke (n´ee Williams), supported my undergraduate studies at Reed College. Aunt Nan & Uncle Bud Williams made book- reading & museum-going fond memories. Hanford gave time to learn my family’s wonderful stories. If only my paternal grandparents, ShulerandJeanne(Brown) Meadors, could be here too. Ethan Obie Romero-Severson is ever a devoted friend in adventures & colleague in mathematics: Team Science for fouryearsandcounting! Keith Riles is a dedicated and conscientious adviser: steadyprogressishownew science is born – detecting gravitational waves is a tricky task, and his thoughtful attention to details will be part of what makes it possible. Dick Gustafson introduced me to the field in 2005 and has helped ever since; my only regret working with him is that we never flew the glider, although we nearly won a sailboat regatta. -
A Mathematical Model of Forgetting and Amnesia
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 28 February 2013 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00076 A mathematical model of forgetting and amnesia Jaap M. J. Murre*, Antonio G. Chessa and Martijn Meeter Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Edited by: We describe a mathematical model of learning and memory and apply it to the dynamics Oliver Hardt, McGill University, of forgetting and amnesia. The model is based on the hypothesis that the neural systems Canada involved in memory at different time scales share two fundamental properties: (1) repre- Reviewed by: Florentin Wörgötter, University sentations in a store decline in strength (2) while trying to induce new representations in Goettingen, Germany higher-level more permanent stores. This paper addresses several types of experimental Marco Steinhauser, Catholic and clinical phenomena: (i) the temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia (Ribot’s Law), (ii) University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, forgetting curves with and without anterograde amnesia, and (iii) learning and forgetting Germany curves with impaired cortical plasticity. Results are in the form of closed-form expres- *Correspondence: Jaap M. J. Murre, Department of sions that are applied to studies with mice, rats, and monkeys. In order to analyze human Psychology, University of Amsterdam, data in a quantitative manner, we also derive a relative measure of retrograde amnesia Weesperplein 4, Amsterdam 1018 XA, that removes the effects of non-equal item difficulty for different time periods commonly Netherlands. found with clinical retrograde amnesia tests. Using these analytical tools, we review stud- e-mail: [email protected] ies of temporal gradients in the memory of patients with Korsakoff’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Dementia, Huntington’s Disease, and other disorders. -
Letter from the Chair
PsychologiCALPsychologiCAL WINTERFALL 2014 2015 Psychologi Letter From the Chair Greetings, finalized, we are now turning to what may be the trickier Our students are just part of the planning process, working out the details arriving back on campus for the different programs. Psychology has special after winter break, and challenges given our need for space in which to conduct we’re gearing up for experiments, provide clinical services and training, another semester. and have highly interactive labs. To date, it’s been a lot I’m also “re- of information-gathering, surveying the Psychology orienting” in a sense, community to figure out the priorities of faculty, staff, as this semester will be and students, and hearing presentations from the my last as Department architects who are educating us on 21st-century building Chair. I use the quotes concepts to promote collaboration in university and because there is just so much sprouting up around industrial settings. the Department that I haven’t had a moment to start Not what I had anticipated doing with my PhD thinking about life beyond my office in 3210 Tolman, in cognitive psychology. But a very interesting process, nor how to begin the transition to our incoming chair, and one that will truly end up being translational as our Ann Kring. new building rises up from a parking lot over the coming The main task at hand remains planning for the years. new building, or what we call the Berkeley Way Project. Funding fell into place when the Governor signed the Best wishes for the new year, State budget last June authorizing the university to Rich commit part of its annual allocation to a building that will house large parts of Psychology, Public Health, and Education. -
Abstracts (PDF)
Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society — Volume 4 — November 1999 40th Annual Meeting — November 18–21, 1999 — Los Angeles, California Posters 1–6 Thursday Evening Papers and Posters Presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, California November 18–21, 1999 POSTER SESSION I other animal forms (e.g., birds, cats, horses). We will also report vari- California Showroom, Thursday Evening, 7:00–8:30 ations across these displays in the orientation specificity of sensitiv- ity, discussing possible implications for accounts of biological mo- •PERCEPTION • tion perception. (1) (4) Deficits of Complex Form Perception and Attention in a Patient Representing the “What” and the “Where” of Undetected With Partial Achromatopsia. RACHEL E. SHOUP, University of Change. IAN M. THORNTON, Nissan Cambridge Basic Research, California, Davis, & JAMIE A. MAZER & JACK L. GALLANT, & DIEGO FERNANDEZ-DUQUE, University of Oregon—Studies of University of California, Berkeley—Physiological studies in non- change blindness demonstrate that we are seldom aware of everything human primates suggest that cortical area V4 is important for the per- that is before our eyes. However, these studies may be telling us more ception of both color and form. Cells in V4 are also modulated by at- about the limits of visual awareness than about the limits of visual rep- tention. Because humans with V4 lesions typically exhibit severe resentation. Specifically, we have suggested that the explicit reports achromatopsia, most studies of these patients have focused on color used for most change blindness tasks underestimate the visual system’s vision. We assessed form vision and attention in a patient, A.R., with ability to represent change. -
Working with Distraction
HIGHLIGHTS HIGHLIGHT ADVISORS ALLAN BASBAUM ATTENTION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA RANDY BUCKNER Working with distraction WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, MO, USA The interaction between attention DAVID CLAPHAM (the ability to focus on certain stimuli HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, to the detriment of others) and work- MA, USA ing memory (the ability to hold and PIETRO DE CAMILLI manipulate information in mind) is a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF complex subject. It has been suggested MEDICINE, CT, USA that working memory might be cru- BARRY EVERITT cial in selective attention, and this idea UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, received some much needed experi- UK mental support from a recent paper GORDON FISHELL from a team led by Nilli Lavie show- SKIRBALL INSTITUTE, NY, USA ing a causal role for working memory MARY KENNEDY in the control of selective attention. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF Lavie had proposed that because triggered in the visual cortex. As During periods of high working TECHNOLOGY, CA, USA selective attention depends on active expected, subjects were slower to clas- memory demand, the subjects were LYNN NADEL maintenance of stimulus priorities in sify names paired with incongruent less able to filter out the distracting UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, working memory, a high working faces than those paired with congru- faces to focus on the task of classifying AZ, USA memory load should result in greater ent faces, and the presence of distrac- the written names. The distractor DENNIS O’LEARY processing of irrelevant (low priority) tor faces enhanced activity in areas of faces produced greater interference THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR distractors. J. W.de Fockert and col- visual cortex that selectively respond during the naming task and greater BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, CA, USA leagues examined this issue using to faces. -
Making Connections: Teaching and the Human Brain
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 335 141 PS 019 761 AUTHOR Caine, Renate Nummela; Caine, Geoffrey TITLE Making Connections: Teaching a4d the Human Brain. INSTITUTION Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Va. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 201p. AVAILABLE FROM Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 11141 Georgia Avenue, Suite 200, Wheaton, MD 20902 (ASCD Stock No. 611-910251 $15.95). PUB TYPE Books (010) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Potage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Cognitive Processes; Cognitive Style; Creativity; *Educational Practices; *Educational Principles; Elementary Secondary Education; Emotional Experience; Helplessness; Higher Education; Integrated Curriculum; *Learning Processes; Locational Skills (Social Studies); Memory; Self Motivation; Stress Variables; Student Evaluation; *Student Projects; *Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS *Brain Based Learning; Brain Functions; Brain Research; *Natural Knowledge ABSTRACT This book adds to the growing body of knowledge and research suggesting that educators need to move beyond simplistic, narrow approaches to teaching and learning. In Part I, "Accessing the Brain's Potential," current educational practices are examined in light of critical findings of brain researchers. In Part II, "Facts and Theories about the Human Brain," topics, theories, and models of brain functions that seem to address current issues in education and provide implications for curriculum restructuring and designare considered. Major aspects of research are reorganized for thepurpose of eliciting a useful and practical set of general principles. In Part III, "Brain-Based Schooling," elements of instruction thatare believed to cause students to use the brain's capacitymore fully to learn are discussed. Citations number 218. (RH) ******************r**************************14************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document.