DOCSLIB.ORG

Working with Distraction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working with Distraction HIGHLIGHTS HIGHLIGHT ADVISORS ALLAN BASBAUM ATTENTION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA RANDY BUCKNER Working with distraction WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, MO, USA The interaction between attention DAVID CLAPHAM (the ability to focus on certain stimuli HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL, to the detriment of others) and work- MA, USA ing memory (the ability to hold and PIETRO DE CAMILLI manipulate information in mind) is a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF complex subject. It has been suggested MEDICINE, CT, USA that working memory might be cru- BARRY EVERITT cial in selective attention, and this idea UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, received some much needed experi- UK mental support from a recent paper GORDON FISHELL from a team led by Nilli Lavie show- SKIRBALL INSTITUTE, NY, USA ing a causal role for working memory MARY KENNEDY in the control of selective attention. CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF Lavie had proposed that because triggered in the visual cortex. As During periods of high working TECHNOLOGY, CA, USA selective attention depends on active expected, subjects were slower to clas- memory demand, the subjects were LYNN NADEL maintenance of stimulus priorities in sify names paired with incongruent less able to filter out the distracting UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, working memory, a high working faces than those paired with congru- faces to focus on the task of classifying AZ, USA memory load should result in greater ent faces, and the presence of distrac- the written names. The distractor DENNIS O’LEARY processing of irrelevant (low priority) tor faces enhanced activity in areas of faces produced greater interference THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR distractors. J. W.de Fockert and col- visual cortex that selectively respond during the naming task and greater BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, CA, USA leagues examined this issue using to faces. neural activity in visual cortex under TERRY SEJNOWSKI behavioural and fMRI techniques, in This task was interleaved with a conditions of high working memory THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR which subjects were required to per- task that taxes working memory for load. Interestingly, previous work has BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, CA, USA form two unrelated tasks. The first digit order, in which subjects were shown that increasing perceptual load WOLF SINGER task was a test of selective attention presented with a four-digit number can decrease the effect of distractors. MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR that required the subjects to classify at the start of each trial. At the end of These data provide experimental HIRNFORSCHUNG, GERMANY famous written names as pop stars or each trial, after the selective attention support for the idea that working CLAUDIO STERN politicians while they ignored simul- task had been completed, they were memory is required to actively main- COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NY, taneously presented images of faces presented with one of the digits in tain stimulus priorities and that this is USA that acted as potential distractors. The the memorized sequence and were crucial for directing attention towards PATRICK TAM distractor faces were either congruent asked to recall the next digit. Memory relevant stimuli. This insight into the CHILDREN'S MEDICAL with the target name (for example, an load was manipulated on every trial interaction between working memory RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SYDNEY, image of Bill Clinton simultaneously by either presenting a fixed order of and selective attention will surely AUSTRALIA presented with his name), incongru- digits (low memory load) or a ran- encourage more experimental work RICHARD W. TSIEN ent with the target name (an image of dom sequence (high memory load). in this developing area. STANFORD UNIVERSITY Bill Clinton presented with the name The reaction time increased with Peter Collins SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, CA, USA of a pop star) or anonymous faces. higher memory load, which was also RAFAEL YUSTE References and links Processing of the distractor images associated with enhanced neural ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER de Fockert, J. W. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NY, was assessed by measuring the inter- activity in prefrontal cortical areas. et al. The role of working memory in visual selective USA ference effects on the time it took to The key result, however, was the attention. Science 291, 1803–1806 (2001) FURTHER READING Desimone, R. & Duncan, classify the name as a pop star or interaction between memory load J. C. Neural mechanisms of selective visual politician, as well as the neural activity and selective attention. attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 193–222 (1995) NATURE REVIEWS | NEUROSCIENCE VOLUME 2 | APRIL 2001 | 221 © 2001 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Similarity Structure of Real-World Memories
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.28.428278; this version posted January 30, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The Similarity Structure of Real-World Memories Tyler M. Tomita1, Morgan D. Barense 2;3 & Christopher J. Honey1 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA 2Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada 3Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada How do we mentally organize our memories of life events? Two episodes may be connected because they share a similar location, time period, activity, spatial environment, or social and emotional content. However, we lack an understanding of how each of these dimensions contributes to the perceived similarity of two life memories. We addressed this question with a data-driven approach, eliciting pairs of real-life memories from participants. Participants annotated the social, purposive, spatial, temporal, and emotional characteristics of their memories. We found that the overall sim- ilarity of memories was influenced by all of these factors, but to very different extents. Emotional features were the most consistent single predictor of overall memory similarity. Memories with dif- ferent emotional tone were reliably perceived to be dissimilar, even when they occurred at similar times and places and involved similar people; conversely, memories with a shared emotional tone were perceived as similar even when they occurred at different times and places, and involved dif- ferent people.
    [Show full text]
  • The Curious Complexity Between Confidence and Accuracy In
    4 The Curious Complexity between Confi dence and Accuracy in Reports from Memory HENRY L. ROEDIGER III, JOHN H. WIXTED, AND K. ANDREW DESOTO Th e relation between the probability of remembering an event and one’s confi dence in it seems obvious: Th e more confi dent a person is in remember- ing an event, the more accurate he or she will be (and vice versa). Imagine giv- ing people a series of events to remember every day for a week, say 10 per day. Th e events could be sentences such as “Th e hippie touched the debutante in the park” or “Th e policeman arrested the homeless woman near the movie theater.” Th en, on the seventh day, people could be asked to recall (or recognize) all the sentences that had been presented that seventh day, and those from the third day of the experiment, and to rate the confi dence of each reported memory. It would surprise no one to learn that people would correctly remember more sentences from the seventh day than from the third day; surely they would be more accurate for the recent memories. In addition, there is no doubt that their confi dence would track their accuracy if confi dence were measured on, say, a 7-point rating scale (from 7 = sure the event happened to 1 = sure the event did not happen). People would be much more confi dent for the recently presented sentences than for those heard 4 days previously. Th e reason people can intuit the result of this experiment so accurately is that we essentially live this exper- iment every day of our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mathematical Model of Forgetting and Amnesia
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 28 February 2013 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00076 A mathematical model of forgetting and amnesia Jaap M. J. Murre*, Antonio G. Chessa and Martijn Meeter Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Edited by: We describe a mathematical model of learning and memory and apply it to the dynamics Oliver Hardt, McGill University, of forgetting and amnesia. The model is based on the hypothesis that the neural systems Canada involved in memory at different time scales share two fundamental properties: (1) repre- Reviewed by: Florentin Wörgötter, University sentations in a store decline in strength (2) while trying to induce new representations in Goettingen, Germany higher-level more permanent stores. This paper addresses several types of experimental Marco Steinhauser, Catholic and clinical phenomena: (i) the temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia (Ribot’s Law), (ii) University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, forgetting curves with and without anterograde amnesia, and (iii) learning and forgetting Germany curves with impaired cortical plasticity. Results are in the form of closed-form expres- *Correspondence: Jaap M. J. Murre, Department of sions that are applied to studies with mice, rats, and monkeys. In order to analyze human Psychology, University of Amsterdam, data in a quantitative manner, we also derive a relative measure of retrograde amnesia Weesperplein 4, Amsterdam 1018 XA, that removes the effects of non-equal item difficulty for different time periods commonly Netherlands. found with clinical retrograde amnesia tests. Using these analytical tools, we review stud- e-mail: [email protected] ies of temporal gradients in the memory of patients with Korsakoff’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Dementia, Huntington’s Disease, and other disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter from the Chair
    PsychologiCALPsychologiCAL WINTERFALL 2014 2015 Psychologi Letter From the Chair Greetings, finalized, we are now turning to what may be the trickier Our students are just part of the planning process, working out the details arriving back on campus for the different programs. Psychology has special after winter break, and challenges given our need for space in which to conduct we’re gearing up for experiments, provide clinical services and training, another semester. and have highly interactive labs. To date, it’s been a lot I’m also “re- of information-gathering, surveying the Psychology orienting” in a sense, community to figure out the priorities of faculty, staff, as this semester will be and students, and hearing presentations from the my last as Department architects who are educating us on 21st-century building Chair. I use the quotes concepts to promote collaboration in university and because there is just so much sprouting up around industrial settings. the Department that I haven’t had a moment to start Not what I had anticipated doing with my PhD thinking about life beyond my office in 3210 Tolman, in cognitive psychology. But a very interesting process, nor how to begin the transition to our incoming chair, and one that will truly end up being translational as our Ann Kring. new building rises up from a parking lot over the coming The main task at hand remains planning for the years. new building, or what we call the Berkeley Way Project. Funding fell into place when the Governor signed the Best wishes for the new year, State budget last June authorizing the university to Rich commit part of its annual allocation to a building that will house large parts of Psychology, Public Health, and Education.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts (PDF)
    Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society — Volume 4 — November 1999 40th Annual Meeting — November 18–21, 1999 — Los Angeles, California Posters 1–6 Thursday Evening Papers and Posters Presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles, California November 18–21, 1999 POSTER SESSION I other animal forms (e.g., birds, cats, horses). We will also report vari- California Showroom, Thursday Evening, 7:00–8:30 ations across these displays in the orientation specificity of sensitiv- ity, discussing possible implications for accounts of biological mo- •PERCEPTION • tion perception. (1) (4) Deficits of Complex Form Perception and Attention in a Patient Representing the “What” and the “Where” of Undetected With Partial Achromatopsia. RACHEL E. SHOUP, University of Change. IAN M. THORNTON, Nissan Cambridge Basic Research, California, Davis, & JAMIE A. MAZER & JACK L. GALLANT, & DIEGO FERNANDEZ-DUQUE, University of Oregon—Studies of University of California, Berkeley—Physiological studies in non- change blindness demonstrate that we are seldom aware of everything human primates suggest that cortical area V4 is important for the per- that is before our eyes. However, these studies may be telling us more ception of both color and form. Cells in V4 are also modulated by at- about the limits of visual awareness than about the limits of visual rep- tention. Because humans with V4 lesions typically exhibit severe resentation. Specifically, we have suggested that the explicit reports achromatopsia, most studies of these patients have focused on color used for most change blindness tasks underestimate the visual system’s vision. We assessed form vision and attention in a patient, A.R., with ability to represent change.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Connections: Teaching and the Human Brain
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 335 141 PS 019 761 AUTHOR Caine, Renate Nummela; Caine, Geoffrey TITLE Making Connections: Teaching a4d the Human Brain. INSTITUTION Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Va. PUB DATE 91 NOTE 201p. AVAILABLE FROM Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 11141 Georgia Avenue, Suite 200, Wheaton, MD 20902 (ASCD Stock No. 611-910251 $15.95). PUB TYPE Books (010) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Potage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Cognitive Processes; Cognitive Style; Creativity; *Educational Practices; *Educational Principles; Elementary Secondary Education; Emotional Experience; Helplessness; Higher Education; Integrated Curriculum; *Learning Processes; Locational Skills (Social Studies); Memory; Self Motivation; Stress Variables; Student Evaluation; *Student Projects; *Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS *Brain Based Learning; Brain Functions; Brain Research; *Natural Knowledge ABSTRACT This book adds to the growing body of knowledge and research suggesting that educators need to move beyond simplistic, narrow approaches to teaching and learning. In Part I, "Accessing the Brain's Potential," current educational practices are examined in light of critical findings of brain researchers. In Part II, "Facts and Theories about the Human Brain," topics, theories, and models of brain functions that seem to address current issues in education and provide implications for curriculum restructuring and designare considered. Major aspects of research are reorganized for thepurpose of eliciting a useful and practical set of general principles. In Part III, "Brain-Based Schooling," elements of instruction thatare believed to cause students to use the brain's capacitymore fully to learn are discussed. Citations number 218. (RH) ******************r**************************14************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 APS Janet Taylor Spence Award Recipients Observervol
    2018 APS Janet Taylor Spence Award Recipients ObserverVol. 31, No. 5 May/June 2018 T H E M A N Y S H A P E S O F A P P L I E D a publication ofPSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE www.psychologicalscience.org/observer Advances in Methods Association for Psychological Science | 30th Annual Convention NEW APS and Practices in JOURNAL Psychological Science FEATURED SPEAKERS NOW AVAILABLE Fred Kavli Keynote Address Bring the Family Address Making and Remaking Memory: The Paradox of Diversity: Past, Present, and Future Promise, Pitfalls, and Advances in Methods and Practices in LYNN NADEL Implications for Racial Progress Psychological Science (AMPPS) The University of Arizona JENNIFER RICHESON Yale University AMPPS, a unique and innovative new journal, presents methodological advances from across all areas in our diverse field of psychological science. Presidential Symposium Memory: From Neurons to Nations AMPPS articles are highly accessible and include: SUPARNA RAJARAM Stony Brook University, • Empirical research that exemplifies scientific The State University of New York (Chair) best practices CHARAN RANGANATH University of California, Davis • Articles that communicate advances in DORTHE BERNTSEN Henry L. Roediger, III, will be the methods, practices, and meta-science featured scientist in this year’s Inside the Aarhus University, Denmark Psychologist’s Studio. He will be interviewed • Tutorials, commentaries, and simulation studies QI WANG by his former student, APS President Suparna for new techniques and research tools Cornell University Rajaram. • Papers that bring advances from a specialized HENRY L. ROEDIGER, III Washington University in St. Louis subfield to a broader audience • Registered Replication Reports, an innovative APS-David Myers Distinguished Lecture On article type originated by APS The Science And Craft Of Teaching Psychological Science Improving the Use of Psychological Science in K-12 Education Check out the first issue now available at: DANIEL T.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Cracking the Memory Code Since 1983
    2018 Cracking the Memory Code since 1983 Copyright © 2018 Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine. Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine CA 92697-3800. Back cover art - McGaugh Hall photograph by Ian Parker. Copyright © 2016 All Rights Reserved. 2018 Contents Director’s Message . 5 UCI Brain: A Bold Vision for the Future . 6 UCI Hosts International Brain Initiative Workshop . 9 The International Conference on Learning and Memory . 10 The Brain Explorer Academy . 16 Scientist Spotlight: Sunil Gandhi . 18 Alumnus Spotlight: Navid Ghaffari . 21 UCI Opens New Sleep Laboratory and Clinic . 22 Why Our Brains Love Story . 24 Ten Minutes of Light Exercise Enhances Memory . 26 Rare Gene Mutation Affects Brain Development . 27 In-Home Therapy Transforms Stroke Rehabilitation . 28 Restoring Memory Creation in Damaged Brains . 29 Imaging Provides Clues About Memory Loss in Older Adults . 30 Olfactory Enrichment Improves Memory in Older Adults . 32 BRAIN Initiative Grant to Elucidate Hippocampal Circuits . 34 AASM Grant to Study Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease . 35 NINDS U19 Grant to Study Mechanisms of Rapid Learning . 35 DARPA L2M Contract to Build New Machine Intelligence . 36 Junior Scholar Awards . 38 CNLM Ambassadors Set New Standard For Outreach . 40 Brains and Mind Benders at Homecoming 2018 . 43 Miguel Nicolelis Delivers Distinguished Lecture . 44 James McGaugh Delivers Inaugural McGaugh-Gerard Lecture . 46 Introducing the Norman Weinberger Graduate Award . 48 Shark Tank for Research . 48 Supporting the CNLM . 49 Friends of the CNLM . 50 2017-2018 Gifts Received . 51 2018-in-Pictures . 52 3 Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California, Irvine Director Michael Yassa Associate Director Sunil Gandhi Director of Outreach and Education Manuella Yassa Administrative Support Michael Gomez Faculty Fellows UCI Fellows External Fellows Michael Alkire Frances Leslie Pierre Baldi Linda Levine Ted Abel, Univ of Iowa Tallie Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Conversations on Cognitive Cultural Studies
    CONVERSATIONS ON COGNITIVE CULTURAL STUDIES “In Conversations on Cognitive Cultural Studies: Literature, Language, and Aesthetics, Frederick Luis Aldama and Patrick Colm Hogan illu- minate the myriad implications of cognitive studies for the study of literature. Scrutinizing issues ranging from subjectivity to aesthetics to history and politics, they seek ever greater precision in our methods and assumptions. This lively critical dialogue is sure to spark much- needed thought and discussion.” —Sue J. Kim, author of On Anger: Race, Cognition, Narrative “Conversations on Cognitive Cultural Studies gives a strong sense of cognitive studies in their present state of organization, as represented by two of its most respected and best informed spokesmen, who are seen grappling with basic and, in some cases, still unresolved prob- lems in aesthetics.” — Irving Massey, professor emeritus of English and comparative literature, University at Buffalo CONVERSATIONS ON COGNITIVE CULTURAL STUDIES LITERATURE, LANGUAGE, AND AESTHETICS Frederick Luis Aldama AND Patrick Colm Hogan THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS • COLUMBUS Copyright © 2014 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aldama, Frederick Luis, author. Conversations on cognitive cultural studies : literature, language, and aesthetics / Frederick Luis Aldama and Patrick Colm Hogan. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-1243-1 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8142-1243-3 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-9346-1 (cd-rom) ISBN-10: 0-8142-9346-8 (cd-rom) 1. Psychology and literature. 2. Cognitive science—Philosophy. 3. Narration (Rhetoric) I. Hogan, Patrick Colm, author. II. Title. PN56.P93A43 2014 801'.92—dc23 2013028050 Cover design by Laurence J.
    [Show full text]
  • DANIEL L. SCHACTER July 2021 Personal
    DANIEL L. SCHACTER July 2021 Personal Birthdate: June 17, 1952; New York, N.Y. Citizenship: U.S. Position: William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor, Department of Psychology, Harvard University Address William James Hall Department of Psychology Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 Phone: (617) 495-3855 FAX: (617) 496-3122 e-mail: [email protected] Education 1970-1974 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill B.A., 1974 1976-1977 University of Toronto M.A., 1977 1978 Oxford University Visiting Researcher, Department of Experimental Psychology 1978-1981 University of Toronto Department of Psychology Ph.D., 1981 Ph.D. Supervisor: Endel Tulving Academic Employment 1981-1987 Research Associate and Assistant Professor, Unit for Memory Disorders and Department of Psychology, University of Toronto 1987-1989 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona 2 1989-1991 Professor, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona 1991-1995 Professor, Department of Psychology, Harvard University 1995-2005 Chair, Department of Psychology, Harvard University 1999 Visiting Professor, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London 2002- William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Psychology, Harvard University 2009 (spring) Acting Chair, Department of Psychology, Harvard University Selected Awards/Honors Arthur Benton Award, International Neuropsychological Society, 1989 Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology in Human Learning and Cognition, American Psychological
    [Show full text]
  • MIT Cognet Booklist (PDF)
    Author Title Hardcover ISBN Paperback ISBN E-ISBN PubDate Pizlo, Zygmunt. 3D Shape: Its Unique Place in Visual Perception 978-0-262-16251-7 978-0-262-51513-9 978-0-262-28165-2 April-08 Moro, Andrea. translated By Bonnie McClellan-Broussard. A Brief History of the Verb To Be 978-0-262-03712-9 978-0-262-34360-2 January-18 Tsotsos, John K. A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention 978-0-262-01541-7 978-0-262-29542-0 May-11 Smith, Linda B., and Esther Thelen, eds. A Dynamic Systems Approach to Development: Applications 978-0-262-19333-7 978-0-262-51944-1 978-0-262-28391-5 SeptemBer-93 Thelen, Esther, and Linda B. Smith. A Dynamic Systems Approach to the Development of CoGnition and Action 978-0-262-20095-0 978-0-262-70059-7 978-0-262-28487-5 January-96 Erwin, Edward. A Final AccountinG: Philosophical and Empirical Issues in Freudian PsycholoGy 978-0-262-05050-0 978-0-262-52814-6 978-0-262-27240-7 DecemBer-95 Lerdahl, Fred, and Ray S. Jackendoff. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music 978-0-262-12094-4 978-0-262-62107-6 978-0-262-27816-4 June-96 Mandler, George. A History of Modern Experimental PsycholoGy: From James and Wundt to CoGnitive Science 978-0-262-13475-0 978-0-262-51608-2 978-0-262-27901-7 June-07 Wang, Hao. A LoGical Journey: From Gödel to Philosophy 978-0-262-23189-3 978-0-262-28576-6 January-97 Neander, Karen.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2008 Newsletter
    Miami University Chapter. Fall 2008 On the web at unixgen.muohio.edu/~sigmaxi/ Newsletter 2008 Researcher of the Year Congratulations to Professor Jan Yarrison-Rice, Department of Physics, who is our 2008 Researcher of the Year. Details regarding her Researcher-of-the-Year lecture are forthcoming. Grants-in-Aid of Research deadline The fall deadline for the GIAR program is October 15, 2008. Undergraduate and graduate students may apply for grants of up to $1000 for research in all areas of the science and engineering. Funds may be used to pay for travel expenses to and from a research site, or for purchase of non-standard laboratory equipment necessary to complete a specific research project. Additional information can be found at www.sigmaxi.org/programs/giar/. Sigma Xi Annual Meeting & Student Research Conference November 20-23, 2008, Marriott Renaissance Hotel, Washington, D.C. The deadline for abstract submission to the Student Research Conference is October 15, 2008. Meeting and registration information is found at www.sigmaxi.org/meetings/annual/. New Chapter Officers Please welcome new chapter officers for 2008-2009. Paul Harding (ZOO) is the 2008-2009 new chapter president, Chun Liang (BOT) is the new chapter treasurer, and Paul Sigma Xi Urayama (PHY) is the new chapter secretary. Rose Marie Ward (KNH) is this Miami University Chapter Officers year’s vice president and president-elect. Immediate past president: L. James (Jay) Smart, PhD (PSY) [email protected] President: Paul A. Harding, PhD (ZOO) [email protected] Vice President and President-Elect: Rose Marie Ward, PhD (KNH) From l to r, Paul Harding (ZOO), Rose Marie Ward (KNH), Chun Liang (BOT), [email protected] and Paul Urayama (PHY).
    [Show full text]