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Mobile and Digital Wallets: US Landscape and Strategic

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Mobile and Digital Wallets: US Landscape and Strategic Mobile and Digital Wallets: U.S. Landscape and Strategic Considerations for Merchants and Financial Institutions Version 1.0 Date: January 2018 U.S. Payments Forum ©2018 Page 1 About the U.S. Payments Forum The U.S. Payments Forum, formerly the EMV Migration Forum, is a cross-industry body focused on supporting the introduction and implementation of EMV chip and other new and emerging technologies that protect the security of, and enhance opportunities for payment transactions within the United States. The Forum is the only non-profit organization whose membership includes the entire payments ecosystem, ensuring that all stakeholders have the opportunity to coordinate, cooperate on, and have a voice in the future of the U.S. payments industry. Additional information can be found at http://www.uspaymentsforum.org. EMV is a trademark owned by EMVCo LLC. All registered trademarks, trademarks, or service marks are the property of their respective owners. About the Mobile and Contactless Payments Working Committee The Mobile and Contactless Payments Working Committee was formed in November 2016 as part of the expanded U.S. Payments Forum charter. The goal of the Mobile and Contactless Payments Working Committee is for all interested parties to work collaboratively to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with implementation of mobile and contactless payments in the U.S. market, identify possible solutions to challenges, and facilitate the sharing of best practices with all industry stakeholders. Copyright ©2018 U.S. Payments Forum and Secure Technology Alliance. All rights reserved. The U.S. Payments Forum has used best efforts to ensure, but cannot guarantee, that the information described in this document is accurate as of the publication date. The U.S. Payments Forum disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of information in this document. Comments or recommendations for edits or additions to this document should be submitted to: [email protected]. U.S. Payments Forum ©2018 Page 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background and History ................................................................................................................ 5 2. Wallet Models ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Device-Centric Mobile Proximity Wallet ....................................................................................... 7 2.2 Device-Centric Mobile In-App Wallet ........................................................................................... 7 2.3 Card-Not-Present Card-on-File Wallet .......................................................................................... 8 2.4 QR Code Wallet ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Digital Checkout Wallet................................................................................................................. 9 3. Wallet Design Choices, Technologies and Processes .......................................................................... 10 3.1 Wallet Design Choices ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Wallet Technologies and Processes ............................................................................................ 12 3.2.1 Near Field Communication ................................................................................................. 12 3.2.2 Cloud-Based Wallets ........................................................................................................... 14 4. Mobile Wallet Security Technology and Approaches ......................................................................... 19 4.1 NFC Security ................................................................................................................................ 19 4.2 NFC and Embedded Secure Elements ......................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 HCE with Virtual Cloud-Based SE ........................................................................................ 19 4.2.2 NFC, HCE, and Trusted Execution Environments ................................................................ 20 4.3 Cloud ........................................................................................................................................... 21 4.4 Identification and Verification and Customer Authentication.................................................... 21 4.5 3-Domain Secure Customer Authentication ............................................................................... 22 4.6 QR Code Security ........................................................................................................................ 23 5. Mobile Wallet Landscape .................................................................................................................... 25 5.1 Current Wallet Examples ............................................................................................................ 25 5.2 Consumer Adoption .................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.1 What Has Driven Usage? ..................................................................................................... 28 5.2.2 Industry Forecasts ............................................................................................................... 28 5.5 Lessons Learned .......................................................................................................................... 29 6. Strategic Considerations for Merchants ............................................................................................. 32 6.1 Customer Experience and Adoption ........................................................................................... 32 U.S. Payments Forum ©2018 Page 3 6.2 Product Features and Roadmap ................................................................................................. 33 6.3 Data Management ...................................................................................................................... 34 6.4 Acceptance Terms ....................................................................................................................... 34 6.5 Financial Considerations ............................................................................................................. 35 6.6 Technology Considerations ......................................................................................................... 36 7. Strategic Considerations for Financial Institutions ............................................................................. 38 7.1 Third-Party Wallets ..................................................................................................................... 38 7.2 Beyond Third-Party Wallets ........................................................................................................ 39 7.2.1 Mobile Banking with an Integrated Wallet ......................................................................... 39 7.2.2 Separate Mobile Wallet App ............................................................................................... 40 7.3 No Mobile Wallet Strategy .......................................................................................................... 40 8. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 41 9. Legal Notice ......................................................................................................................................... 42 10. Appendix A: Glossary ......................................................................................................................... 43 11. Appendix B: Stakeholders .................................................................................................................. 47 12. Appendix C: Standards ....................................................................................................................... 48 13. Appendix D: Project Team.................................................................................................................. 50 U.S. Payments Forum ©2018 Page 4 1. Introduction This white paper was developed by the U.S. Payments Forum Mobile and Contactless Payments Working Committee to provide guidance to merchants and financial institutions regarding mobile and digital wallets. Sections 2 through 4 introduce different wallet models, technologies, and security approaches. Section 5 discusses usage drivers and lists the lessons learned from wallet launches and experiments. The remaining sections identify factors and considerations key to developing a mobile wallet strategy. These factors can include fit with overall business strategy, desired customer experience, costs compared with expected benefits, partnerships, and technology. The appendices include information on the introduction of new stakeholders into the payment ecosystem, and work being done by standards’ bodies in the field of mobile payments. The intention is to synthesize
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