A Detective Story for German Language Learners
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4 Germanic Languages I
4 GERMANIC LANGUAGES I. GERMAN STUDIES Language and LinguistiCS Alan Scott, University of Nottingham and Marc Pierce, University of Texas at Austin 1. General A major work which appeared towards the end of the review year is Ulrich Ammon, Die Stellung der deutschen Sprache in der Welt, Berlin, de Gruyter, xviii + 1296 pp. Assessing the global position of the German language and its recent history, A. views the position of German in the context of a global constellation of competing languages, examining unique features and congruities in such areas as business, science, diplomacy, linguistics, word art, the media, and foreign language instruction. The perennial debate as to whether the German language is in decline is the subject of Sprachverfall. Dynamik-Wandel-Variation, ed. Albrecht Plewnia and Andreas Witt, Berlin, de Gruyter, viii + 371 pp., which contains contributions from many prominent scholars, both from Germany and elsewhere. The volume has two principal foci, namely providing a comprehensive analysis of the discourse on perceived language decline, and offering a sociolinguistic perspective on the processes underlying the public debate on the topic. Chapters include Wini Davies and Nils Langer, ‘Die Sprachnormfrage im Deutschunterricht: das Dilemma der Lehrenden’ (299–321) and Martin Durrell, ‘Mit der Sprache ging es immer schon bergab Dynamik, Wandel und Variation aus sprachhistorischer Perspektive’ (11–31). A new and insightful contribution to another long-standing debate surrounding the German language, namely the extent to which Martin Luther can be considered to be the Schöpfer of the New High German written language, is made by Werner Besch, Luther und die deutsche Sprache. -
Climate Innovation ? the Case of the Central German Chemical Industry
Paper to be presented at the 35th DRUID Celebration Conference 2013, Barcelona, Spain, June 17-19 Climate Innovation ? The Case of the Central German Chemical Industry Wilfried Ehrenfeld Halle Institute for Economic Research Knowledge and Innovation [email protected] Abstract Climate change, including its possible causes and consequences, is one of the most controversial and intensely discussed topics of our time. However, European businesses presently are less affected by the direct effects of climate change than by its indirect consequences. One central issue that arises in this context is the change in demands imposed by businesses? operational environment. This article contributes to the environmental innovation literature by providing a comprehensive evolutionary framework which allows an analysis of the drivers, determinants and outcomes of climate innovations implemented by companies. In this context, the prime issue is how the perception of climate change affects corporate innovation processes. Firstly, we consider the new demands imposed on the company by its stakeholders. Secondly, we discuss the innovative reactions to these impulses. Finally, we highlight the functions and relevance of certain internal and external determinants in the innovative process. Jelcodes:Q55,- 1. Introduction The possible causes and consequences of climate change are some of the most controversial and intensely discussed topics of our time. Today, European enterprises are more affected by the indirect consequences of climate change than by its direct effects such as extreme weather events. Some of these indirect consequences for industries arise from society’s perception of climate change, and by new demands imposed on companies by their operating environment. -
Sprache Der Heimat.’ Discourses of Dialect and Identity in Modern-Day Cologne
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by UCL Discovery ‘Sprache der Heimat.’ Discourses of dialect and identity in modern-day Cologne Geraldine Horan 1. Introduction Associating language with Heimat is not a new phenomenon. Heidegger’s lecture ‘Sprache und Heimat’ [Language and Home]1 (1960), for example, articulated the fundamental yet intangeable relationship between dialect as the mothertongue and a sense of ‘home’ (Heidegger 1983: 155–180), and philosophers and linguists alike have attempted to analyse how language can create and represent a sense of belonging in a ‘fusion of language and landscape’ (Hammermeister 2000: 314). This connection is particularly strong with dialect, which in modern times is largely reserved for the familiar, private sphere, or is employed symbolically as a marker of local identity. This chapter analyses discourses about Kölsch, the urban dialect spoken in the German city of Cologne, and about engagement with the dialect by members of a specific community; namely, participants in dialect and dialect-related courses as the Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch [Academy for our Cologne Language].2 Using data from questionnaires completed by participants in these courses, I explore individuals’ attitudes to the dialect, perceived level of proficiency, and the role the dialect plays in the construction of local identity. I shall argue that the externalisation of this personal, emotional link between dialect and identity that takes place through participation in dialect or dialect-related courses is part of an identity building process – it is about filling perceived ‘gaps’ in the individual’s identity, and/or extending and enhancing identity, in forging and maintaining membership of a community that is defined by its language and geographical location. -
Vowel Change in English and German: a Comparative Analysis
Vowel change in English and German: a comparative analysis Miriam Calvo Fernández Degree in English Studies Academic Year: 2017/2018 Supervisor: Reinhard Bruno Stempel Department of English and German Philology and Translation Abstract English and German descend from the same parent language: West-Germanic, from which other languages, such as Dutch, Afrikaans, Flemish, or Frisian come as well. These would, therefore, be called “sister” languages, since they share a number of features in syntax, morphology or phonology, among others. The history of English and German as sister languages dates back to the Late antiquity, when they were dialects of a Proto-West-Germanic language. After their split, more than 1,400 years ago, they developed their own language systems, which were almost identical at their earlier stages. However, this is not the case anymore, as can be seen in their current vowel systems: the German vowel system is composed of 23 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs, while that of English has only 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs. The present paper analyses how the English and German vowels have gradually changed over time in an attempt to understand the differences and similarities found in their current vowel systems. In order to do so, I explain in detail the previous stages through which both English and German went, giving special attention to the vowel changes from a phonological perspective. Not only do I describe such processes, but I also contrast the paths both languages took, which is key to understand all the differences and similarities present in modern English and German. The analysis shows that one of the main reasons for the differences between modern German and English is to be found in all the languages English has come into contact with in the course of its history, which have exerted a significant influence on its vowel system, making it simpler than that of German. -
Press Release the Central German Airports Significantly Reduce Their
Leipzig/Halle Airport Dresden International Press Release PortGround 4 June 2021 The Central German airports significantly reduce their CO2 emissions The sector goal of halving the figure is exceeded ten years earlier than envisaged Mitteldeutsche Flughafen AG Uwe Schuhart Director Media Relations/PR The Central German airports reduced their CO2 emissions by 86% in 2020 Press Spokesperson compared to 2019. Calculations performed at the end of May confirmed this. phone+49 (0)341 224-1159 This means that the company has already exceeded the sector goal that was fax +49 (0)341 224-1161 [email protected] envisaged for 2030 at German commercial airports: i.e. to reduce emissions by www.mdf-ag.com more than 50 percent compared to 2010. The lower CO2 emissions have become possible notwithstanding the development of the Covid-19 pandemic, because the airports were still open. The Central German airports purchase climate-neutral electricity and make use of energy-efficient LED technology. The fleet of vehicles is also being gradually switched to alternative drive systems and compensation is being obtained for the CO2 emissions from natural gas. As a result, the Central German airports have significantly reduced the CO2 emissions caused by airport operations to a figure of 2,770 tonnes per annum. The company is therefore making its contribution to continuing to reduce international aviation’s share in global CO2 emissions of three percent. Götz Ahmelmann, CEO of Mitteldeutsche Flughafen AG comments, “Protecting our climate is a major corporate goal for us. We’re pursuing an ambitious environmental strategy with a view to our neighbours and are continually working to operate our airports in a climate-neutral manner as early as possible. -
Kashubian INDO-IRANIAN IRANIAN INDO-ARYAN WESTERN
2/27/2018 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/IndoEuropeanTree.svg INDO-EUROPEAN ANATOLIAN Luwian Hittite Carian Lydian Lycian Palaic Pisidian HELLENIC INDO-IRANIAN DORIAN Mycenaean AEOLIC INDO-ARYAN Doric Attic ACHAEAN Aegean Northwest Greek Ionic Beotian Vedic Sanskrit Classical Greek Arcado Thessalian Tsakonian Koine Greek Epic Greek Cypriot Sanskrit Prakrit Greek Maharashtri Gandhari Shauraseni Magadhi Niya ITALIC INSULAR INDIC Konkani Paisaci Oriya Assamese BIHARI CELTIC Pali Bengali LATINO-FALISCAN SABELLIC Dhivehi Marathi Halbi Chittagonian Bhojpuri CONTINENTAL Sinhalese CENTRAL INDIC Magahi Faliscan Oscan Vedda Maithili Latin Umbrian Celtiberian WESTERN INDIC HINDUSTANI PAHARI INSULAR Galatian Classical Latin Aequian Gaulish NORTH Bhil DARDIC Hindi Urdu CENTRAL EASTERN Vulgar Latin Marsian GOIDELIC BRYTHONIC Lepontic Domari Ecclesiastical Latin Volscian Noric Dogri Gujarati Kashmiri Haryanvi Dakhini Garhwali Nepali Irish Common Brittonic Lahnda Rajasthani Nuristani Rekhta Kumaoni Palpa Manx Ivernic Potwari Romani Pashayi Scottish Gaelic Pictish Breton Punjabi Shina Cornish Sindhi IRANIAN ROMANCE Cumbric ITALO-WESTERN Welsh EASTERN Avestan WESTERN Sardinian EASTERN ITALO-DALMATIAN Corsican NORTH SOUTH NORTH Logudorese Aromanian Dalmatian Scythian Sogdian Campidanese Istro-Romanian Istriot Bactrian CASPIAN Megleno-Romanian Italian Khotanese Romanian GALLO-IBERIAN Neapolitan Ossetian Khwarezmian Yaghnobi Deilami Sassarese Saka Gilaki IBERIAN Sicilian Sarmatian Old Persian Mazanderani GALLIC SOUTH Shahmirzadi Alanic -
'It Is Therefore Both in the German and in the Dutch Interest...'
'It is therefore both in the German and in the Dutch interest...' Dutch-German relations after the Great War. Interwoven economies and political détente, 1918-1933 Jeroen Euwe ‘Het is dus zoowel een Duitsch als een Nederlandsch belang…’ Hendrik Colijn aan de Raad van Bijstand van Economische Zaken, Departement Buitenlandsche Zaken, Den Haag, 28-2-1920. 'It is therefore both in the German and in the Dutch interest...' Dutch-German relations after the Great War. Interwoven economies and political détente, 1918-1931 ‘Het is dus zoowel een Duitsch als een Nederlandsch belang…’ Nederlands-Duitse betrekkingen na de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Verweven economieën en politieke detente, 1918-1931 Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. H.G. Schmidt en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op vrijdag 21 december 2012 om 15.30 uur door Jilles Jeroen Euwe geboren te Vlaardingen Promotiecommissie: Promotor: Prof.dr. H.A.M.Klemann Overige leden: Prof.dr. A. de Jong Prof.dr. J.P.B. Jonker Prof.dr. P.T. van de Laar Contents Acknowledgements i Chapter 1 – Introduction 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 The Dutch-German economic bonds 7 1.3 The historiography of Dutch-German (economic) relations 11 1.4 Theoretical framework: interdependence theory 17 Proving themselves right: liberal and neo-realist models 20 1.5 Interdependence theories: relevance to this study 24 Complicating factors 26 1.6 Central research question, sub-questions, -
PHARYNGEALIZATION of EAST THURINGIAN POSTVOCALIC /R/: ARTICULATION, ACOUSTICS and TEMPORAL EXTENT
PHARYNGEALIZATION OF EAST THURINGIAN POSTVOCALIC /r/: ARTICULATION, ACOUSTICS AND TEMPORAL EXTENT Christina Otto & Adrian P. Simpson Institute of German Linguistics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT sively e.g. in varietes of Arabic [2, 1, 13, 10], ar- ticulatory or acoustic studies on east German vari- This study investigates the acoustic and articulatory eties are scarce [11]. An earlier analyis of the UTI influence of postvocalic /r/ on the realization of vow- data presented here was able to confirm the influ- els in an east central german variety. A selection of ence of /r/ on the tongue contour configuration as /r/ and /r/-less word pairs containing the short vow- both retracted and lowered and on acoustic output els /Y E a O U/ of seven male speakers were recorded (F1 raised, F2 lowered) in target words with postvo- using Ultrasound Tongue Imanging (UTI). System- calic /r/ in comparison to target words without /r/ atic differences were found both in lingual config- [19]. East Thuringian belongs to the east central urations as well as spectral measures (F1-F3) con- German dialect group Thuringia-Upper Saxon and sistent with pharyngeal constriction. Especially the is spoken in the east of Thuringia and south west- articulatory analysis of a greater portion of the word ern Saxony-Anhalt and is mostly a transition zone indicates consequences of /r/ having greater tempo- to Upper Saxon [23]. ral extent showing /r/ to be a feature of the entire While the initial study concentrated on a qualita- syllable rather than of a single segment. -
Dawn and Dusk of Late Cretaceous Basin Inversion in Central Europe
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-188 Preprint. Discussion started: 25 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Dawn and Dusk of Late Cretaceous Basin Inversion in Central Europe Thomas Voigt 1, Jonas Kley 2, Silke Voigt 3 1 Institut für Geowissenschaften, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany 5 2 Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen 3 Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt Correspondence to: Thomas Voigt, ([email protected]) Abstract. Central Europe was affected by a compressional tectonic event in the Late Cretaceous, caused by the convergence of Iberia and Europe. Basement uplifts, inverted graben structures and newly formed marginal troughs are the main 10 expressions of crustal shortening. Although the maximum activity occurred in a short period between 90 and 75 Ma, the exact timing of this event is still unclear. Dating of start and end of basin inversion is very different depending on the applied method. On the basis of borehole data, facies and thickness maps, the timing of basin re-organisation was reconstructed for several basins in Central Europe. The obtained data point to a synchronous start of basin inversion already at 95 Ma (Cenomanian), 5 Million years earlier than commonly assumed. The end of the Late Cretaceous compressional event is more 15 difficult to pinpoint, because regional uplift and salt migration disturb the signal of shifting marginal troughs. Unconformities of Late Campanian to Paleogene age on inverted structures indicate slowly declining uplift rates. 1. Introduction During the Late Cretaceous/Earliest Paleogene, Central Europe was affected by a compression event which led to the deformation of the Central European basin. -
M1948 Marburg Central Collecting Point, 1945–1949
M1948 RECORDS CONCERNING THE CENTRAL COLLECTING POINTS (“ARDELIA HALL COLLECTION”): MARBURG CENTRAL COLLECTING POINT, 1945–1949 National Archives and Records Administration Washington, DC 2004 United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Records concerning the central collecting points (“Ardelia Hall Collection”) : Marburg Central Collecting Point, 1945–1950.— Washington, DC : National Archives and Records Administration, 2004. 7 p. ; 23 cm.— (National Archives microfilm publications. Pamphlet describing ; M 1948) Cover title. 1. Hall, Ardelia – Archives – Microform catalogs. 2. Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945–1955 : U.S. Zone). Office of Military Government. Property Division – Archives – Microform catalogs. 3. Restitution and indemnification claims (1933– ) – Germany – Microform catalogs. 4. World War, 1939–1945 – Confiscations and contributions – Germany – Archival resources – Microform catalogs. 5. Cultural property – Germany (West) – Archival resources – Microform catalogs. I. Title. INTRODUCTION On the 28 rolls of this microfilm publication, M1948, are reproduced the records of the Marburg Central Collecting Point, 1945–1949. They consist of general administrative records, Marburg Central Collecting Point property accessions, the directory of Marburg Central Collecting Point property released to the Wiesbaden Central Collecting Point, and photographs. The Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives (MFAA) Section transferred Nazi- looted works of art and artifacts from various storage areas and shipped the objects to one of four U.S. central collecting points including Marburg. In order to research restitution claims, the MFAA officers gathered intelligence reports, interrogation reports, captured documents, and general information regarding German art looting. This microfilm publication includes a portion of the records that comprise the “Ardelia Hall Collection.” The entire collection is located in the Records of United States Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group (RG) 260. -
Cologne Carnival's "Alternative" Stunksitzung: Carnivalization? Meta-Carnival? Or Bakhtinian Restoration?
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2014 Cologne Carnival's "Alternative" Stunksitzung: Carnivalization? Meta-Carnival? Or Bakhtinian Restoration? Erik Abbott Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/157 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] COLOGNE CARNIVAL’S 'ALTERNATIVE' STUNKSITZUNG: CARNIVALIZATION? META-CARNIVAL? OR BAKHTINIAN RESTORATION? by ERIK ABBOTT A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Theatre in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 ERIK ABBOTT All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Theatre in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Marvin Carlson _________________________ ________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Jean Graham-Jones __________________________ ________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Frank Hentschker Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract COLOGNE CARNIVAL’S 'ALTERNATIVE' STUNKSITZUNG: CARNIVALIZATION? META-CARNIVAL? OR BAKHTINIAN RESTORATION? by ERIK ABBOTT Advisor: Professor Marvin Carlson In the 1820s, Carnival in Cologne, Germany, underwent a series of reforms, ostensibly to bring the festival back to the people. Among the traditions that developed was the Sitzung, a theatrical variety-show event, with music, comic speeches and sketches, dance troupes, and various additional Carnival-related entertainments. -
The World Drinks One Language
Interested? Contact your importer The world drinks one language. Interesting facts about Cologne, Kölsch Privatbrauerei Gael Becker & Co. OHG Brewery site: Ursulaplatz 1 50668 Cologne (Altstadt-Nord) Tel.: +49 (0)221-160 06 0, Fax: +49 (0)221-160 06 196 Porz site: Welser Str. 16, 51149 Cologne (Porz-Gremberghoven) Tel.: +49 (0)221-160 06 545, Fax: +49 (0)221-160 06 575 Filling and logistics centre: Robert-Perthel-Str. 18, 50739 Cologne (Bilderstöckchen) Tel.: +49 (0)221-160 06 282, Fax: +49 (0)221-160 06 275 sonnenhopfen.com, mammanero.com Kölsch is the only language you can drink. This is because “Kölsch” (a German dialect) is spoken as well as drunk in Cologne. The top-fermented beer speciality Kölsch is only allowed to be brewed by breweries in Cologne and is protected by law. Ga el is the most popular Kölsch served in bars and restau- rants. Every third Kölsch tapped is a Ga el and is brewed by the private brewery of the Becker family in its fourth genera- tion. What’s more, Ga el is an ambassador for the culture Kölsch comes from Cologne, the oldest German city with of Cologne, because Ga el Kölsch is enjoyed as a speciality a history dating back more than 2,000 years. The name throughout Germany and around the world. The premium- Cologne (or “Köln” in German) stems from the Roman word quality beer can be found in Beijing, New York, London, Rio “Colonia”. The Romans established the city in 38 B.C. and Moscow. Besides Kölsch beer, the landmark of Cologne is Cologne Cathedral, the world’s largest Gothic church.