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The Ecology of Shark-Like Batoids: Implications for Management in the Great Barrier Reef Region

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The Ecology of Shark-Like Batoids: Implications for Management in the Great Barrier Reef Region ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: White, Jimmy (2014) The ecology of shark-like batoids: implications for management in the Great Barrier Reef region. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40746/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40746/ THE ECOLOGY OF SHARK-LIKE BATOIDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF REGION Thesis by Jimmy White B.Sc. (Hons) Submitted For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Townsville 1 STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned author of this work, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available within the University Library, and via the Australian Digital Theses network, for use elsewhere. I declare that the electronic copy of this thesis provided to the James Cook University library is an accurate copy of the print thesis submitted, within the limits of the technology available. I understand that, as an unpublished work, a these has significant protection under the Copyright Act and; All users consulting this thesis must agree not to copy or closely paraphrase it in whole or in part without the written consent of the author; and to make public written acknowledgement for any assistance which may obtain from it. They must also agree to obtain written consent from the author before use or distribution of all or part of this thesis within 12 months of its award by James Cook University. Beyond this, I do not wish to place any restrictions on access to this thesis Signature Date i STATEMENT OF SOURCES DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any other form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished works of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given Signature Date ii STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION Research Funding: • Australian Research Council (ARC) • Save Our Seas Foundation (SOSF) • SeaWorld Research and Rescue Foundation Inc. • PADI AWARE • James Cook University Post graduate stipend • Queensland Government Smart State PhD scholarship • School of Earth and Environmental Sciences • James Cook University Graduate Research School In Kind Support: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University Supervision: • Dr. Michelle Heupel, Australian Institute of Marine Science • Prof. Colin Simpfendorfer, Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University • Dr. Andrew Tobin, Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University • Dr James Moloney, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University Statistical and Analytical Support: • Dr. Alistair Harry, Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University • Prof. Colin Simpfendorfer • Elodie Lèdèè, Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University Editorial Support: • Dr. Michelle Heupel • Prof. Colin Simpfendorfer • Dr. Andrew Tobin iii PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS THESIS First-authored publications: White, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A.T., Heupel, M.R., (2013) Incidence and availability of shark-like batoids of conservation concern to fishing. Endangered Species Research. 19(3): 277-284 White, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A.T., Heupel, M.R., (2013) Application of baited remote underwater video surveys to quantifying spatial distribution of elasmobranchs at an ecosystem scale. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology White, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A.T., Heupel, M.R., (2013) Spatial ecology of shark-like batoids in a large coastal embayment. Environmental Biology of Fishes White, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A.T., Heupel, M.R., (2013) Age and growth parameters of Australian shark-like batoids. Journal of Fish Biology White, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A.T., Heupel, M.R., (In review) Understanding vulnerability for conservation concern shark-like batoids using demographic population analysis White, J., Anoxypritis cuspidata. IUCN Amazing Species Initiative 2012. White, J., Pristis microdon. IUCN Amazing Species Initiative 2012. White, J., Rhynchobatus australiae. IUCN Amazing Species Initiative 2012. Co-authored publications: Chin, A., White, J., Dulvy, N.K., (2012) Dismantling protection for pristine habitats and critically endangered species. Nature. Vol. 490 Number 7419 Morgan, J.A.T., Harry, A.V., Welch, D.J., Street, R., White, J., Geraghty, P.T., Macbeth, W.G., Tobin, A., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Ovenden, J (2012) Detection of interspecies hybridisation in Chondrichthyes: hybrids and hybrid offspring between Australian (Carcharhinus tilstoni) and common (C. limbatus) blacktip shark found in an Australian fishery. Conservation Genetics 13(2):455-463 Doubleday, Z.A., White, J., Pecl G.T., Semmens, J.M (2011) Age determination in merobenthic octopuses using stylet increment analysis: assessing future challenges using Macroctopus maorum as a model. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68(10): 2059-2063 Welch, D.J., Ovenden, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Tobin, A., Morgan, J.A.T., Street, R., White, J., Harry, A.V., Schroeder, R., Macbeth, W.G (2011) Stock structure of exploited shark species in north eastern Australia. Report to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, Project 2007/035. Fishing and Fisheries Research Centre Technical Report No. 12, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (130pp.). Tobin, A.J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Mapleston, A., Currey, L., Harry, A.J., Welch, D.J., Ballagh, A.C., Chin, A.C., Szczenski., N., Schlaff, A., White, J., (2010) A Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment of Sharks and Finfish of Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Inshore Waters: A tool for fisheries and marine park managers: identifying species at risk and potential mitigation strategies. Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, Cairns (44 pp.). iv PRESENTATIONS OF RESEARCH FROM THIS THESIS Research from this thesis was presented at the following conferences or forums: Oral presentations: Residency and activity patterns of shark-like batoids in Cleveland Bay, Queensland White, J, Heupel, M, Simpfendorfer, CA, Tobin, AJ. Australian Society of Fish Biology, Townsville 2011 Residency and activity patterns of shark-like batoids in Cleveland Bay, Queensland White, J, Heupel, M, Simpfendorfer, CA, Tobin, AJ. Oceania Chondrichythan Society, Gold Coast 2011 Poster presentations: Assessing the susceptibility of Glaucostegus typus, Rhynchobatus australiae and Anoxypristis cuspidata to commercial fishing activity White, J, Heupel, M, Simpfendorfer, CA, Tobin, AJ. Oceania Chondrichythan Society, Gold Coast 2011 Assessing the susceptibility of Glaucostegus typus, Rhynchobatus australiae and Anoxypristis cuspidata to commercial fishing activity White, J, Heupel, M, Simpfendorfer, CA, Tobin, AJ. Australian Society of Fish Biology, Townsville 2011 Assessing the susceptibility of Glaucostegus typus, Rhynchobatus australiae and Anoxypristis cuspidata to commercial fishing activity, White, J, Heupel, M, Simpfendorfer, CA, Tobin, AJ. Sharks International, Cairns, Australia 2010 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This PhD is the result of a 22 year dream. I have always been drawn to the ocean, my ambitions to pursue marine research reaches back to my earliest memories. This thesis is for all of you who stood by me while I chased my dreams. During my studies there were many deviations; there was the sky diving, chasing anthrax in Africa, quest to be a cage fighter, far flung teaching assignments of questionable morality, and a category I will label adventures with Gutteridge. I would like to thank my supervisors for their patience as I wondered off the path, guidance and persistence as I found my way through the journey which is a PhD. Colin Simpfendorfer; I will be forever in debited to you for showing me the realities of fisheries management. This project would not have been possible without your open door policy, informal manuscript altering chats and insightful guidance as I negotiated the world of sharks research and egos. Andrew Tobin, I have had few male role models, you stand tall among them. I hope one day I too can wear my heart on my sleeve, balance my family with work and always have employment where footwear is optional. Michelle, this was not easy, there were many times when it was definitely not comfortable. However, what I have learned through our time together extends well beyond the bounds of the thesis. I am a better scientist, and holistically a better person from the experience. Your capacity for critical thinking, attention to detail and ability to see through the B.S. have been invaluable tools through the production of this thesis and I thank you for persisting with me through all the trials. My research project would not have been possible without the support of everybody at the Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture. My brother is arms Andrew Chin, you talked me off the ledge so many times I have lost count. Always remember “Rule 32: Enjoy the little things”. Al Harry, thank you for your tireless patience
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