DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetics of Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae (Cirratuliformia, Annelida)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetics of Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae (Cirratuliformia, Annelida) Zoologica Scripta Phylogenetics of Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae (Cirratuliformia, Annelida) KAREN J. OSBORN &GREG W. ROUSE Submitted: 26 July 2010 Osborn, K. J. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Phylogenetics of Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae Accepted: 5 October 2010 (Cirratuliformia, Annelida). — Zoologica Scripta, 40, 204–219. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00460.x When seven deep-sea, swimming cirratuliforms were recently discovered, the need for a thorough phylogenetic hypothesis for Cirratuliformia was clear. Here, we provide a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships within Acrocirridae and increase the taxon sampling and resolution within Flabelligeridae based on both molecular (18S, 28S, 16S, COI and CytB) and morphological data. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination. Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae were reciprocally monophyletic sister groups when rooted by cirratulids. The seven recently discovered species form a clade within Acrocirridae and will be designated as four genera based on phylogenetic relationships and apomorphies. A revised diagnosis is provided for Swima, restricting the genus to three spe- cies distinguished by a thick gelatinous sheath, transparent body, simple nuchal organs, a single medial subulate branchia, and four pair of small segmental branchiae modified as elliptical, bioluminescent sacs. Helmetophorus and Chauvinelia are maintained as separate genera based on morphological differences. Evidence for flabelligerid branchiae being seg- mental is provided, the papillae on segment two of most acrocirrids is confirmed to be the nephridiopores, and scanning electron microscopy is used to examine acrocirrid spinous chaetae in comparison with flabelligerid segmented chaetae. Corresponding author: Karen J. Osborn, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Earth & Marine Sciences Building, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Greg W. Rouse, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction abyssorum McIntosh 1885 (Mesnil 1899; Fauvel 1916), The recent discovery of seven new members of Acrocirri- Flota spp. and Poeobius meseres Heath 1930, and these like- dae (Fig. 1; Table 1; Osborn et al. 2009) emphasized the wise differ dramatically from their benthic relatives. These need for a thorough phylogenetic treatment of Cirratuli- swimming flabelligerids and acrocirrids possess features, formia. Addition of these new species to Acrocirridae, one e.g. thick gelatinous sheathes and long, clavate papillae, of which, Swima bombiviridis, was formally described in numerous elongate chaetae (P. meseres excepted), broad, Osborn et al. (2009), markedly increased the morpho- flat chaetae (two of the recently discovered species), trans- logical and size diversity within the group. The striking parent bodies, and bioluminescence that may be homolo- differences observed between the recently discovered gous or convergent. Yet to understand the origin of the swimming species and other known acrocirrids were not unusual structures found in the various swimming species surprising considering the pelagic (living in open water, and to understand the evolutionary transformations that not associated with the seafloor) and benthopelagic (living took place in the transition from benthic to pelagic, a both in the water column and associated with the seafloor) well-resolved evolutionary history of Cirratuliformia is lifestyles of the new species. Interestingly, some acrocirrids needed. Helmetophorus rankini Hartman 1978; Chauvinelia spp. and Rouse & Fauchald (1997) found Acrocirridae, Cirratuli- possibly even some Acrocirrus were previously suspected of dae, Ctenodrilidae, Fauveliopsidae, Flabelligeridae, Floti- being able to swim (Banse 1969; Averincev 1980; Kirkeg- dae, Poeobiidae and Sternaspidae formed a clade later aard 1982). Also, several flabelligerids are pelagic, Buskiella named Cirratuliformia (Rouse & Pleijel 2001). Poeobiidae 204 ª 2010 The Authors d Zoologica Scripta ª 2010 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, 40, 2, March 2011, pp204–219 K. J. Osborn & G. W. Rouse d Acrocirrid phylogeny A B C D E F G H I Fig. 1 Swimming acrocirrids. —A. Swima bombiviridis, photo C. W. Dunn. —B. ‘Tawi-tawi Bomber’, photo L. P. Madin. —C. Chauvinelia arctica ZMUC POL-0159. —D. ‘Shining Bomber’ missing all elliptical branchiae. —E. ‘Squidworm’ missing a branchia, photo M. Aw. —F. ‘Horned Bomber’ missing three elliptical branchiae. —G. ‘Tiburon Bomber’ missing six elliptical branchiae, photo F. Pleijel. —H. ‘Juanita worm’ missing seven branchiae, photo F. Pleijel. —I. Helmetophorus rankini type USNM-46749. Scale bars: A–B and D–H = 10 mm, C and I = 1 mm. ª 2010 The Authors d Zoologica Scripta ª 2010 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, 40, 2, March 2011, pp204–219 205 206 Acrocirrid phylogeny d K. J. Osborn & G. W. Rouse Table 1 Characteristics of swimming acrocirrids Sizea Taxa Authority Type locality Depth (m) (mm) Subulate branchiae Main branchiae Nuchal organs Neurochaetae Apomorphy Swima bombiviridis Osborn et al. 2009 Monterey Canyon, NE 2732–3744 28 Single medial Elliptical, smallb Straight ridge Capillary Transparent anterior gut Pacific b ª Shining Bomber This report Monterey Canyon, NE 3267–3625 30 Single medial Elliptical, small Straight ridge Capillary Dark pigmented anterior gut 2010 The Authors Pacific Tawi-tawi Bomber This report Celebes Sea, 2836 45 3 in 1 row Elliptical, smallb Straight ridge with Compound 3 subulate branchiae, broad, flat compound Philippines single 180° bend neurochaetae Horned Bomber This report Astoria Canyon, NE 1863 42 6 pairs in 3 rows Elliptical, largeb Convoluted ridgec Compound Number and arrangement of subulate Pacific branchiae d b c Zoologica Scripta Tiburon Bomber This report Juan de Fuca Ridge, 2367 59 8 pairs in 4 rows Elliptical, large Convoluted ridge Compound Notochaetae broad and flat with sharp NE Pacific point and 90 degree elbow at tip Helmetophorus Hartman 1978 Weddell Sea, 3111 6 3 pairs in 2 rows Elliptical, smallb Convoluted ridgec Capillary Helmet-like cephalic hood rankini Antarctica Chauvinelia Laubier 1974 Bay of Biscay, NE 4455 16 3 pairs in 2 rows Unknown Convoluted ridgec Compound Unknown ª 2010 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, biscayensis Atlantic Chauvinelia arctica Averincev 1980 Polar Sea, Canada 3290–3380 20 0–3 pairs in 3 rows Unknown Convoluted ridgec Compound Foliose palps Squidworm This report Celebes Sea, 2028–1912 90 None Elongate Convoluted ridge Capillary Broad, flat notochaetae abruptly tapered to Philippines extending onto minute tip oppositely branched, free- standing structures Juanita worm This report Juan de Fuca Ridge, 2257–2291 41 None Elongate Convoluted ridge Pseudocompound 3 elongate featureless anterior segments, NE Pacific extending onto nuchal organs extending onto spiral, free- oppositely branched standing structures, pseudocompound and spiral, free- neurochaetae standing structures aMaximum length of types; bSmall is less than half width body at widest, large is more than half width body at widest; cWith multiple 180° bends. 40 , 2, March 2011, pp204–219 K. J. Osborn & G. W. Rouse d Acrocirrid phylogeny and Flotidae were recently synonymized with Flabelligeri- (Burnette et al. 2005; Osborn & Rouse 2008; Osborn et al. dae (Poeobius by Burnette et al. 2005; Flota by Osborn & 2009), but many questions remain, and a combined mole- Rouse 2008) and Ctenodrilidae placed within Cirratulidae cular and morphological approach has not yet been (Bleidorn et al. 2003a; Rouse & Pleijel 2003). The question attempted. Here, we use morphological (29 characters) of the affinities of Sternaspidae and Fauveliopsidae remain and molecular [18S, 28S, 16S, COI and Cytochrome B unresolved, but Struck et al. (2007) and Rousset et al. gene (CytB) sequences] evidence to reconstruct the evolu- (2007) both found these taxa to be sistergroups and not clo- tionary history of 17 flabelligerids and 11 acrocirrids, with sely related to other Cirratuliformia. Thus, Cirratuliformia seven cirratulids as nominal outgroups. Our objectives could be considered to consist of three families, Cirratuli- were to: (i) place the seven recently discovered acrocirrids dae, Acrocirridae and Flabelligeridae. These three families in a stable phylogenetic framework in preparation for the share several distinctive features including: a pair of large description of the six remaining undescribed species (Os- anterior nephridia, chlorocruorin as a blood pigment, and a born, Haddock & Rouse in review; Osborn, Madin & heart body (Banse 1969), as well as paired palps (Rouse & Rouse in review; Osborn & Pleijel in prep.), (ii) use com- Fauchald 1997), though whether any of these are apomor- parative methods to determine structure, function and phic is not yet resolved as all of these features are found in homology of morphological features of acrocirrids and fla- other polychaete groups (Rouse & Fauchald 1997). belligerids, (iii) elucidate historical relationships within Cirratulidae and, to an extent, Flabelligeridae were for Flabelligeridae and Acrocirridae and (iv) generate an evo- many years ‘dumping grounds’ for taxa of uncertain affini- lutionary framework on which to assess questions about ties and both suffer from poorly understood phylogenies. adaptations for life in the water column. Acrocirridae was erected from two genera previously included in Cirratulidae, Acrocirrus and Macrochaeta, by Materials and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Worms Geoff Read NIWA New Zealand
    Brussels, 28-30 September Polychaeta (Annelida) in WoRMS Geoff Read NIWA New Zealand www.marinespecies.org/polychaeta/index.php Context interface Swimming — an unexpected skill of Polychaeta Acrocirridae Alciopidae Syllidae Nereididae Teuthidodr ilus = squidworm Acrocirridae Polynoidae Swima bombiviridis Syllidae Total WoRMS Polychaeta records, excluding fossils 91 valid families. Entries >98% editor checked, except Echiura (69%) Group in WoRMS all taxa all species valid species names names names Class Polychaeta 23,872 20,135 11,615 Subclass Echiura 296 234 197 Echiura were recently a Subclass Errantia 12,686 10,849 6,210 separate phylum Subclass Polychaeta incertae sedis 354 265 199 Subclass Sedentaria 10,528 8,787 5,009 Non-marine Polychaeta 28 16 (3 terrestrial) Class Clitellata* 1601 1086 (279 Hirudinea) *Total valid non-leech clitellates~5000 spp, 1700 aquatic. (Martin et al. 2008) Annelida diversity "It is now clear that annelids, in addition to including a large number of species, encompass a much greater disparity of body plans than previously anticipated, including animals that are segmented and unsegmented, with and without parapodia, with and without chaetae, coelomate and acoelomate, with straight guts and with U-shaped digestive tracts, from microscopic to gigantic." (Andrade et al. 2015) Andrade et al (2015) “Articulating “archiannelids”: Phylogenomics and annelid relationships, with emphasis on meiofaunal taxa.” Molecular Biology and Evolution, efirst Myzostomida (images Summers et al)EV Nautilus: Riftia Semenov: Terebellidae Annelida latest phylogeny “… it is now well accepted that Annelida includes many taxa formerly considered different phyla or with supposed affiliations with other animal groups, such as Sipuncula, Echiura, Pogonophora and Vestimentifera, Myzostomida, or Diurodrilida (Struck et al.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 ISSN: 0034-7744 Universidad de Costa Rica Elías, Rodolfo; Saracho-Bottero, María-Andrea; Simon, Carol-Anne Protocirrineris (Polychaeta:Cirratulidae) in South Africa and description of two new species Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 67, no. 5, 2019, pp. 70-80 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67IS5.38931 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44965909006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative DOI 10.15517/RBT.V67IS5.38931 Artículo Protocirrineris (Polychaeta:Cirratulidae) in South Africa and description of two new species Protocirrineris (Cirratulidae: Polychaeta) en Sudáfrica y la descripción de dos nuevas especies Rodolfo Elías1 María Andrea Saracho-Bottero1 Carol Anne Simon2 1 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata - Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET-UNMdP, Argentina, [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Botany and Zoology. Stellenbosch University, South Africa, [email protected] Received 22-X-2018 Corrected 22-II-2019 Accepted 30-VI-2019 Abstract Introduction: The knowledge of polychaetes in the subtropical region of Africa benefited from the activity of J. Day. However, 50 years after the publication of his Monograph of the Polychaeta of southern Africa, it is necessary to reconsider the identity of the Cirratulidae due to changes in the diagnostic characters and new approaches to the taxonomy of the group to corroborate the status of cosmopolitan species in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Await in Deep-Pelagic Habitats the Remarkable Squidworm Is An
    Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 24, 2010 The remarkable squidworm is an example of discoveries that await in deep-pelagic habitats Karen J. Osborn, Laurence P. Madin and Greg W. Rouse Biol. Lett. published online 24 November 2010 doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0923 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2010/11/19/rsbl.2010.0923.DC1.ht ml References This article cites 12 articles, 1 of which can be accessed free http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2010/11/19/rsbl.2010.0923.full.html #ref-list-1 P<P Published online 24 November 2010 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections taxonomy and systematics (299 articles) evolution (2221 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. To subscribe to Biol. Lett. go to: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions This journal is © 2010 The Royal Society Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org on November 24, 2010 Biol. Lett. mixing with basin water, resulting in long residence doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0923 times for water below 1500 m [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera
    THE POLYCHAETE WORMS DEFINITIONS AND KEYS TO THE ORDERS, FAMILIES AND GENERA THE POLYCHAETE WORMS Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera By Kristian Fauchald NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY In Conjunction With THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Science Series 28 February 3, 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix INTRODUCTION 1 CHARACTERS USED TO DEFINE HIGHER TAXA 2 CLASSIFICATION OF POLYCHAETES 7 ORDERS OF POLYCHAETES 9 KEY TO FAMILIES 9 ORDER ORBINIIDA 14 ORDER CTENODRILIDA 19 ORDER PSAMMODRILIDA 20 ORDER COSSURIDA 21 ORDER SPIONIDA 21 ORDER CAPITELLIDA 31 ORDER OPHELIIDA 41 ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA 45 ORDER AMPHINOMIDA 100 ORDER SPINTHERIDA 103 ORDER EUNICIDA 104 ORDER STERNASPIDA 114 ORDER OWENIIDA 114 ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA 115 ORDER FAUVELIOPSIDA 117 ORDER TEREBELLIDA 118 ORDER SABELLIDA 135 FIVE "ARCHIANNELIDAN" FAMILIES 152 GLOSSARY 156 LITERATURE CITED 161 INDEX 180 Preface THE STUDY of polychaetes used to be a leisurely I apologize to my fellow polychaete workers for occupation, practised calmly and slowly, and introducing a complex superstructure in a group which the presence of these worms hardly ever pene- so far has been remarkably innocent of such frills. A trated the consciousness of any but the small group great number of very sound partial schemes have been of invertebrate zoologists and phylogenetlcists inter- suggested from time to time. These have been only ested in annulated creatures. This is hardly the case partially considered. The discussion is complex enough any longer. without the inclusion of speculations as to how each Studies of marine benthos have demonstrated that author would have completed his or her scheme, pro- these animals may be wholly dominant both in num- vided that he or she had had the evidence and inclina- bers of species and in numbers of specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Odontosyllis (Annelida, Syllidae): a Recent and Rapid Radiation of Marine Bioluminescent Worms
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/241570; this version posted January 8, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Molecular phylogeny of Odontosyllis (Annelida, Syllidae): A recent and rapid radiation of marine bioluminescent worms. AIDA VERDES1,2,3,4, PATRICIA ALVAREZ-CAMPOS5, ARNE NYGREN6, GUILLERMO SAN MARTIN3, GREG ROUSE7, DIMITRI D. DEHEYN7, DAVID F. GRUBER2,4,8, MANDE HOLFORD1,2,4 1 Department of Chemistry, Hunter College Belfer Research Center, The City University of New York. 2 The Graduate Center, Program in Biology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City University of New York. 3 Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 4 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History. 5 Stem Cells, Development and Evolution, Institute Jacques Monod. 6 Department of Systematics and Biodiversity, University of Gothenburg. 7 Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego. 8 Department of Natural Sciences, Weissman School of Arts and Sciences, Baruch College, The City University of New York Abstract Marine worms of the genus Odontosyllis (Syllidae, Annelida) are well known for their spectacular bioluminescent courtship rituals. During the reproductive period, the benthic marine worms leave the ocean floor and swim to the surface to spawn, using bioluminescent light for mate attraction. The behavioral aspects of the courtship ritual have been extensively investigated, but little is known about the origin and evolution of light production in Odontosyllis, which might in fact be a key factor shaping the natural history of the group, as bioluminescent courtship might promote speciation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals
    Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Sperling, Erik A., Christina A. Frieder, Akkur V. Raman, Peter R. Girguis, Lisa A. Levin, and Andrew H. Knoll. 2013. Oxygen, Ecology, and the Cambrian Radiation of Animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 33: 13446–13451. Published Version doi:10.1073/pnas.1312778110 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12336338 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation of animals Erik A. Sperlinga,1, Christina A. Friederb, Akkur V. Ramanc, Peter R. Girguisd, Lisa A. Levinb, a,d, 2 Andrew H. Knoll Affiliations: a Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 b Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093- 0218 c Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam – 530003 d Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138 1 Correspondence to: [email protected] 2 Correspondence to: [email protected] PHYSICAL SCIENCES: Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES: Evolution Abstract: 154 words Main Text: 2,746 words Number of Figures: 2 Number of Tables: 1 Running Title: Oxygen, ecology, and the Cambrian radiation Keywords: oxygen, ecology, predation, Cambrian radiation The Proterozoic-Cambrian transition records the appearance of essentially all animal body plans (phyla), yet to date no single hypothesis adequately explains both the timing of the event and the evident increase in diversity and disparity.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • ~T~ 630 Certificate
    RESPONSE OF BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE TO HABITAT HETEROGENEITY IN INDIAN OCEAN A Thesis submitted to Goa University for the Award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Marine Science By Sabyasachi Sautya (M.F.Sc) CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa ! Research Guide Dr. B.S. Ingole Chief Scientist Biological Oceanography Division CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa, INDIA Goa University, Taleigao Goa 2013 T - 6 3 0 ~T~ 630 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Sabyasachi Sautya has duly completed the thesis entitled “Response of benthic community structure to habitat heterogeneity in Indian Ocean” under my supervision for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. This thesis being submitted to the Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Sciences is based on original studies carried out by him. The thesis or any part thereof has not been previously submitted for any other degree or diploma in any University or Institutions. Date: 2 & U 1 2 0 1 3 CSIR-National Institute of Place: Dona Paula Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa-403 004 c&r \ J n .I) ^ DECLARATION As required under the University Ordinance 0.19.8 (iv), I hereby declare that the present thesis entitled “Response of benthic community structure to habitat heterogeneity in Indian Ocean” is my original work carried out at the National Institute of Oceanography, Dona-Paula, Goa and the same has not been submitted in part or in full elsewhere for any other degree or diploma. To the best of my knowledge, the present research is the first comprehensive work of its kind from the area mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Cirriformia Tentaculata (Montagu, 1808)
    Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) AphiaID: 129964 . Animalia (Reino) > Annelida (Filo) > Polychaeta (Classe) > Sedentaria (Subclasse) > Canalipalpata (Infraclasse) > Terebellida (Ordem) > Cirratuliformia (Subordem) > Cirratulidae (Familia) Sinónimos Audouinia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Audouinia lamarckii Quatrefages, 1866 Audouinia norwegica Quatrefages, 1866 Audouinia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Cirratulus atrocollaris Grube, 1877 Cirratulus comosus Marenzeller, 1879 Cirratulus lamarckii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834 Cirratulus pallidus Treadwell, 1931 Cirratulus tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Cirrhatulus lamarckii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1834 Terebella tentaculata Montagu, 1808 Timarete tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Timarete tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) Referências additional source Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. (Ed.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-857356-1. 627 pp. [details] basis of record Bellan, Gerard. (2001). Polychaeta, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: pp. 214-231. [details] additional source Day, J. H. (1967). [Sedentaria] A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp. 459–842., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details] additional source Day, John H.; Morgans, J.F.C. (1956). The Ecology of South African estuaries. Part 7. The Biology of Durban Bay. Annals of the Natal Museum. 13(3): 259-312, plate IV. [details] 1 additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory].
    [Show full text]
  • Polychaeta Lana Crumrine
    Polychaeta Lana Crumrine Well over 200 species of the class Polychaeta are found in waters off the shores of the Pacific Northwest. Larval descriptions are not available for the majority of these species, though descriptions are available of the larvae for at least some species from most families. This chapter provides a dichotomous key to the polychaete larvae to the family level for those families with known or suspected pelagic larva. Descriptions have be $in gleaned from the literature from sites worldwide, and the keys are based on the assumption that developmental patterns are similar in different geographical locations. This is a large assumption; there are cases in which development varies with geography (e.g., Levin, 1984). Identifying polychaetes at the trochophore stage can be difficult, and culturing larvae to advanced stages is advised by several experts in the field (Bhaud and Cazaux, 1987; Plate and Husemann, 1994). Reproduction, Development, and Morphology Within the polychaetes, the patterns of reproduction and larval development are quite variable. Sexes are separate in most species, though hermaphroditism is not uncommon. Some groups undergo a process called epitoky at sexual maturation; benthic adults develop swimming structures, internal organs degenerate, and mating occurs between adults swimming in the water column. Descriptions of reproductive pattern, gamete formation, and spawning can be found in Strathmann (1987). Larval polychaetes generally develop through three stages: the trochophore, metatrochophore, and nectochaete stages. Trochophores are ciliated larvae (see Fig. 1).A band of cilia, the prototroch, is used for locomotion and sometimes feeding. Trochophore larvae are generally broad anteriorly and taper posteriorly.
    [Show full text]
  • STATE of BIODIVERSITY in the MEDITERRANEAN (2-3 P
    UNEP(DEC)/MED WG.231/18 17 April 2003 ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN Meeting of the MED POL National Coordinators Sangemini, Italy, 27 - 30 May 2003 STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAMME GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND STRESS REDUCTION INDICATORS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION In cooperation with UNEP Athens, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 2. AIMS OF THE REPORT .............................................................................................. 2 3. STATE OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN............................................. 2 Species Diversity................................................................................................................. 2 Ecosystems/Communities .................................................................................................. 3 Pelagic ............................................................................................................................... 3 Benthic ............................................................................................................................... 4 4. ECOSYSTEM CHANGES DUE TO ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT............................... 6 Microbial contamination...................................................................................................... 6 Industrial pollution .............................................................................................................. 6 Oil
    [Show full text]
  • An Animal-Sediment Study in the Lower York River- February 1965 To
    An Animal-Sediment Study in the Lower )~rk River - February 1965 to February 1966.1 By Dexter s. Haven, John N. Kraeuter, Richa.rd c. Swartz and Reinaldo Morales-Alamo Special Scientific Report No. 108 Virginia Institute of Marine Sci.ence and School of Marine Science, The College of William and Ma.ry Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Frank o. Perkins Acting Director November 1981 1From Concentration of Suspended Radioactive Wastes Into Bottom Deposits Period. Final Report to the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Contract No. AT-(40-1)-2789 for the period 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1967. An Animal-Sediment Study in the Lower York River - February 1965 to February 1966.1 By Dexter S. Haven, John N. Kraeuter, Richard c. Swartz and Reinaldo Morales-Alamo Special Scientific Report No. 108 Virginia Institute of Marine SciEmce and School of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Frank o. Perkins Acting Director November 1981 1From Concentration of Suspended Radioactive Waste~s Into Bottom Deposits Period. Final Report to the United StatE!S Atomic Energy Commission. Contract No. AT-(40-1)-2789 for the period 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1967. FOREWORD The following study was funded by Contract No. AT-(40-1)-2789 with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The work. was completed in December 1967. The material presented here was e.xtracted from the final report. Since 1967, the taxonomy of various species has changed. Therefore, the taxonomy for those species has been updated here. An appendix is included which lists the species collected with the corresponding ten-digit VIMS taxonomic code.
    [Show full text]