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Womanism: the Fight for Social Equality
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons Gender & Sexuality Studies Student Work Collection School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences Spring 6-2-2020 Womanism: The Fight for Social Equality Demetria Hawkins [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/gender_studies Recommended Citation Hawkins, Demetria, "Womanism: The Fight for Social Equality" (2020). Gender & Sexuality Studies Student Work Collection. 58. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/gender_studies/58 This Undergraduate Zine is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gender & Sexuality Studies Student Work Collection by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. Z I N E P R O J E C T WOMANISM: The Fight for Social Equality Presented by Demetria Hawkins -What is Womanism? -Womanism vs. Feminism -Gender/ Racial Discrimination in the Content Summary Work Place -Quality of Life: Men vs. Women DISCUSSION OVERVIEW -What does this all mean? MERRIAM- WEBSTER DEFINITION What is "A form of feminism focused especially on the conditions and concerns of black women." WOMANISM? THOUGHT CO. DEFINITION BY LINDA NAPIKOSKI "Identifies and critically analyzes sexism, black racism, and their intersection." ALICE WALKER DEFINITION "A [B]lack feminist or feminist of color," and "a woman who loves other women, sexually and/or non-sexually [...] committed to survival and wholeness of entire people, male and female." Alice Walker FOUNDER OF WOMANISM WHO IS SHE? Alice Walker is a known social activist, poet, novelist and known famously as the woman who coined the phrase Womanism. -
Black Feminism and Radical Planning
PLT0010.1177/1473095218763221Planning TheoryJacobs 763221research-article2018 Article Planning Theory 2019, Vol. 18(1) 24 –39 Black feminism and radical © The Author(s) 2018 Article reuse guidelines: planning: New directions for sagepub.com/journals-permissions https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095218763221DOI: 10.1177/1473095218763221 disaster planning research journals.sagepub.com/home/plt Fayola Jacobs Texas A&M University, USA Abstract After Hurricane Katrina’s devastation of the United States’ Gulf Coast, conversations about flooding became focused on the interconnections between so-called “natural” disasters, poverty, gender and race. Although research has long shown that women, people of color and low- income communities are more vulnerable to natural hazards, the disproportionate effects of Hurricane Katrina and subsequent federal and state disaster response efforts forced the national spotlight on the institutional and systemic nature of racism, classism and sexism. Using Black feminism and radical planning theory, two lenses that provides a comprehensive framework for understanding racism, classism and sexism, this article examines the concept and literature of social vulnerability. I argue while social vulnerability research has made significant contributions to planners’ understandings of disasters and inequity, it fails to center community knowledge, identify intersectional oppressions and name them as such and encourage community activism, all of which are keys to making meaningful change. Keywords Black feminism, disasters, environmental justice, feminism, social vulnerability, urban planning In the wake of Hurricane Katrina’s devastation and the images that emerged from the Gulf Coast in general and New Orleans in particular, the nation began to pay attention to the inequitable impacts of disasters on poor communities and communities of color. -
Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color Author(S): Kimberle Crenshaw Source: Stanford Law Review, Vol
Stanford Law Review Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color Author(s): Kimberle Crenshaw Source: Stanford Law Review, Vol. 43, No. 6 (Jul., 1991), pp. 1241-1299 Published by: Stanford Law Review Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1229039 Accessed: 21/07/2010 14:45 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=slr. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Stanford Law Review is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Stanford Law Review. http://www.jstor.org Mappingthe Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color KimberleCrenshaw* INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades, women have organized against the almost routine violence that shapes their lives.1 Drawing from the strength of sharedexperience, women have recognizedthat the political demandsof mil- lions speak more powerfully than the pleas of a few isolated voices. -
How Mixed-Race Americans Navigated the Racial Codes of Antebellum America
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses, 2020-current The Graduate School 5-7-2020 Under cover of lightness: How mixed-race Americans navigated the racial codes of Antebellum America Alexander Brooks Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/masters202029 Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Brooks, Alexander, "Under cover of lightness: How mixed-race Americans navigated the racial codes of Antebellum America" (2020). Masters Theses, 2020-current. 48. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/masters202029/48 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses, 2020-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Under Cover of Lightness: How Mixed-Race Americans Navigated the Racial Codes of Antebellum America Alex Brooks A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History May 2020 FACULTY COMMITTEE: Committee Chair: Rebecca Brannon Committee Members/ Readers: Gabrielle Lanier David Owusu-Ansah Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Miscegenation 3. North 4. Upper South 5. Lower South 6. 1850s Turbulence 7. Liberia 8. Conclusion ii Abstract This thesis investigates the way people of mixed “racial” ancestry—known as mulattoes in the 18th and 19th centuries—navigated life in deeply racially divided society. Even understanding “mulatto strategies” is difficult because it is to study a group shrouded in historical ambiguity by choice. -
"Get in Formation:" a Black Feminist Analysis of Beyonce's Visual Album, Lemonade Sina H
Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses Honors College 2018 When Life Gives You Lemons, "Get In Formation:" A Black Feminist Analysis of Beyonce's Visual Album, Lemonade Sina H. Webster Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.emich.edu/honors Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons Recommended Citation Webster, Sina H., "When Life Gives You Lemons, "Get In Formation:" A Black Feminist Analysis of Beyonce's Visual Album, Lemonade" (2018). Senior Honors Theses. 568. https://commons.emich.edu/honors/568 This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact lib- [email protected]. When Life Gives You Lemons, "Get In Formation:" A Black Feminist Analysis of Beyonce's Visual Album, Lemonade Abstract Beyonce's visual album, Lemonade, has been considered a Black feminist piece of work because of the ways in which it centralizes the experiences of Black women, including their love relationships with Black men, their relationships with their mothers and daughters, and their relationships with other Black women. The album shows consistent themes of motherhood, the "love and trouble tradition," and Afrocentrism. Because of its hint of Afrocentrism, however, Lemonade can be argued as an anti Black feminist work because Afrocentrism holds many sexist beliefs of Black women. This essay will discuss the ways in which Lemonade's inextricable influences of Black feminism and Afrocentrism, along with other anti Black feminist notions, can be used as a consciousness-raising tool. -
Lemonade and Black Women As Audiences and Subjects
. Volume 14, Issue 2 November 2017 ‘She made angry Black woman something that people would want to be’: Lemonade and Black women as audiences and subjects Ashton Toone, Amanda Nell Edgar & Kelly Ford, University of Memphis, USA. Abstract: Based on interviews with 35 audience members, this essay argues that audiences used Beyoncé’s hour-long visual album, Lemonade, as a Two-Way Mirror to understand racial and gendered identities through the lenses of social movements, identity politics, and relationality. Our findings support Sandvoss (2005) and other audience scholars in that the Black women we interviewed used the album’s emphasis on Black femininity as a ‘mirror’ that uplifted their own racial and gendered identities. White and male audiences, on the other hand, used the album less for fashioning their own sense of self, instead using Lemonade as a lens to gaze into a realm of Black femininity as presented by Beyoncé, a Black woman herself. While in some cases, this perspective drove White and male participants’ empathy and support of the Black women’s experiences represented in the album, their understandings also risked one-dimensionality. Keywords: Audience Studies; Beyoncé; Black Identity; Intersectionality; Popular Music I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. (Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man) The most disrespected person in America is the Black woman. The most unprotected person in America is the Black woman. The most neglected person in America is the Black woman. (Malcolm X, Los Angeles, May 1962) For the last few years, Beyoncé has sparked conversation both in the media and in scholarly literature for her recent singles like ‘Formation’, her 2016 Super Bowl performance that Page 203 Volume 14, Issue 2 November 2017 nodded to the Black Panther Party, and most recently her visual album Lemonade that celebrates Black culture and depicts the realities of social justice issues. -
Why Black Feminism?
First-Gen Voices: Creative and Critical Narratives on the First- Generation College Experience Volume 5 Issue 1 New Vistas Article 13 February 2016 Black Lives Matter: Why Black Feminism? AnaLexicis T. Bridewell Loyola Marymount University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/fgv Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Studies Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Curriculum and Social Inquiry Commons, and the Interdisciplinary Arts and Media Commons Recommended Citation Bridewell, AnaLexicis T. (2016) "Black Lives Matter: Why Black Feminism?," First-Gen Voices: Creative and Critical Narratives on the First-Generation College Experience: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 13. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/fgv/vol5/iss1/13 This Scholarship and Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Academic Resource Center at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in First-Gen Voices: Creative and Critical Narratives on the First-Generation College Experience by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction Black Lives Matter is an organization and movement created in 2012 in response to George Zimmerman’s acquittal for the murder of Trayvon Martin. This event created a platform for Black women to address the inequalities and injustices marginalized groups experience in America. Because of the inclusive nature and wide range of focuses in Black Lives Matter, it is evident that this organization and movement is based in Black feminism, rather than feminism. This distinction can be seen in the comparison between feminism and Black feminism frameworks in regards to the structure and actions of Black Lives Matter. -
A Black Girl's Song Misogynoir, Love, and Beyoncé's Lemonade
Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education Volume 16 | Issue 2 Article 9 September 2017 A Black Girl’s Song Misogynoir, Love, and Beyoncé’s Lemonade Zeffieaines G Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, Ohio, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/taboo Recommended Citation Gaines, Z. (2018). A Black Girl’s Song Misogynoir, Love, and Beyoncé’s Lemonade. Taboo: The Journal of Culture and Education, 16 (2). https://doi.org/10.31390/taboo.16.2.09 Taboo,Zeffie Fall Gaines 2017 97 A Black Girl’s Song Misogynoir, Love, and Beyoncé’s Lemonade Zeffie Gaines Abstract This article examines Beyoncé’s 2016 album Lemonade in the context of black feminist theory, misogynoir, and issues of black self-love. After a brief overview of the initial response to Beyoncé’s album, this essay explores the deeper, metaphorical implication of Lemonade. This essay demonstrates that while Lemonade is ostensibly about marital infidelity, the trope of unfaithfulness is used to make a more profound commentary on the ontological crisis around blackness and black womanhood in American culture. Through close readings of several important scenes and tracks in Lemonade, this essay demonstrates that this album constitutes a masterwork by Beyoncé and should be understood as an important intervention against racist and patriarchal representations of black womanhood. Ultimately, Lemonade articulates a black feminist aesthetic that embraces the tenacity and cultural originality of the black woman. Keywords: black feminist theory, self-love, racism, patriarchy Introduction I can’t hear anything but maddening screams & the soft strains of death & you promised me you promised me… somebody/anybody Zeffie Gaines is an associate professor in the Department of English at Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, Ohio. -
Women of Color Health Data Book, Fourth Edition
The Office of Research on Women’s Health National Institutes of Health Fourth Edition Office of Research on Women’s Health Office of the Director National Institutes of Health TABLE OF CONTENTS TOWARD MORE INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE: INTRODUCING THE WOMEN OF COLOR HEALTH DATA BOOK, FOURTH EDITION .......................................................vii HIGHLIGHTS .........................................................................................................................ix LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ..........................................................................................xi FACTORS AFFECTING THE HEALTH OF WOMEN OF COLOR .......................................... 1 Ethnic and Racial Heritage ................................................................................................ 3 American Indians and Alaska Natives ............................................................................... 7 Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders..................................................................12 Health Care Systems .....................................................................................................15 Native Hawaiians ...........................................................................................................16 Other Pacific Islanders....................................................................................................17 Hispanics or Latinos ........................................................................................................19 -
Black Women Navigating Racism and Sexism in American Social Movements
INTERSECTIONALITY AND SOCIALISM: BLACK WOMEN NAVIGATING RACISM AND SEXISM IN AMERICAN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Caitrin Smith Honors Senior Thesis Rocky Mountain College Spring 2015 INTERSECTIONALITY AND SOCIALISM: BLACK WOMEN NAVIGATING RACISM AND SEXISM IN AMERICAN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS by Caitrin Smith __________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Rocky Mountain College __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in History and Political Science INTERSECTIONALITY AND SOCIALISM: BLACK WOMEN NAVIGATING RACISM AND SEXISM IN AMERICAN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS Copyright 2015 Caitrin Smith All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. ii INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 BLACK WOMEN AND INTERSECTIONAL IDENTITY ....................................................... 7 Origins of Intersectionality ............................................................................................... 7 Contemporary Intersectionality ....................................................................................... 9 RACISM AND FIRST WAVE FEMINISM ............................................................................. 12 The Early Feminist Campaign -
The Strong Black Woman and the Woes of Being ‘Independent’
The Mule of the World: The Strong Black Woman and The Woes of Being ‘Independent’ Cailyn Petrona Stewart ith its tough exterior and essence of indestructible su- perhuman strength, on the surface of the Strong Black W Woman (SBW) stereotype is a fleeting compliment that co-workers, family and friends reserve as verbal certificates and con- gratulatory notions of strength and acknowledgement to the collec- tive resilience of Black women. However, guised with adoration and superficial empowerment, for centuries this colonialist racist white supremacist society has been able to use the SBW stereotype to ap- plaud the Black woman for how well she keeps her dynamic emo- tions and complex issues from being expressed and affecting the lives of other people while simultaneously knocking her down, exploiting her labour, working overtime to destroy her worth and consistently broadcasting on a global level that she has no value. The SBW ste- reotype is a trap that disables and dehumanizes Black women. It is a colonial chain that derives from the mammy caricature that feeds on the myth of the infinitely independent Black woman who does not need no one and their help because "she got this!". Tamara Winfrey Harris defines this stereotype to a dime in Bitch Magazine: [The] Strong. Black. Woman. The words fit together like Blue Magic, sizzling hot combs, and Sunday afternoon. 31 THE MULE OF THE WORLD We are the fighters and the women who don’t take shit from no man. We are the sassy women with the sharp tongues and hands firmly on our hips. -
An Intersectional Analysis to Explaining a Lack of Physical Activity Among Middle Class Black Women
Sociology Compass 8/6 (2014): 780–791, 10.1111/soc4.12172 An Intersectional Analysis to Explaining a Lack of Physical Activity Among Middle Class Black Women Rashawn Ray* Department of Sociology, University of Maryland Abstract In this essay, I make the case that the intersectionality framework is useful to explain the high level of obesity among Black women. I describe how the intersectionality framework reformulates the exam- ination of racial and gender disparities in health by deconstructing traditional frames of Whiteness and maleness. Next, I discuss key barriers that operate as mechanisms to reduce Black women’s level of physical activity. Then, I provide ways to potentially combat these barriers. In doing so, I argue that being physically active is a privilege rooted in how race, place, gender, and body image converge differently on Black women’s propensity to be physically active than other raced and gendered groups. Middle class Black women are excluded from class-based privileges and experience a form of space invasion where their temporal space, geographic space, and bodily space are invaded. In this regard, this research agenda is not solely about physical activity but rather how the structural arrangements of communities contribute to healthy lifestyles. Introduction Obesity is one of the most pressing health issues of the 21st century. It is estimated that about 130 million individuals between the ages of 20–74 are overweight. About 30 percent of the US population meets the standards considered to be obese (Morrill & Chinn, 2004). Obesity is linked to higher rates of chronic diseases, morbidity, and mortality (Gilbert & Leak, 2010).