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'Disciples of Flora' ‘Disciples of Flora’ ‘Disciples of Flora’: Gardens in History and Culture Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán, Judith W. Page and Brigitte Weltman-Aron ‘Disciples of Flora’: Gardens in History and Culture Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán, Judith W. Page and Brigitte Weltman-Aron This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Victoria Emma Pagán, Judith W. Page, Brigitte Weltman-Aron and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-7756-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7756-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Illustrations and Credits ........................................................................... vii Preface and Acknowledgments ................................................................. ix Prologue ....................................................................................................... 1 Inviting the Indoors Out: Gardens and Other Arts Elizabeth Helsinger Part I: Gender Chapter One ............................................................................................... 20 Women’s Land as Garden History: Art, Activism, and Lesbian Spaces Lisa L. Moore Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 32 Dora Carrington’s “Phantom” Geography and the “Crisis” of her Landscapes Elise L. Smith Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 51 Gardening for Women: Frances Garnet Wolseley and the Rise of the Professional Woman Gardener Judith W. Page Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 68 Marie-Antoinette, Wertmüller, and Scandal of the Garden Variety: Portraying the Queen at Petit Trianon Melissa Lee Hyde vi Table of Contents Part II: The Conceptual Garden Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 94 Decline and Fall: The Roman Garden of Louise du Pont Crowninshield Katharine T. von Stackelberg Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 113 Form, Image, and Process in the Parc du Sausset Amanda Shoaf Vincent Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 129 Gaulish Defeat as Site of Memory: The MuseoParc of Alesia Brigitte Weltman-Aron Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 145 The Afterlife of Little Sparta Victoria Emma Pagán Epilogue ................................................................................................... 166 Staging Stoppard’s Arcadia Sidney Homan Contributors ............................................................................................ 182 Index ........................................................................................................ 185 ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Fig. 1-1 The Night Stage Tree in the Winter. © Angela Jimenez, 2007. ................ 26 Fig. 1-2 Lesbian Land. © Leah DeVun, 2010-2013. .......................... 29/Centrefold Fig. 2-1 Dora Carrington, Hill in Snow at Hurstbourne Tarrant, 1916, watercolor, 21¼ x 25¼ in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. ......... 36 Fig. 2-2 Dora Carrington, The River Pang above Tidmarsh, 1918, oil, 30 x 25 in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. ............................................... 38 Fig. 2-3 Dora Carrington, Tidmarsh Mill, c. 1918, oil, 25¼ x 37¼ in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. .............................................. 41/Centrefold Fig. 2-4 Dora Carrington, Tidmarsh Mill and Meadows, c. 1920, oil, 27 x 27 in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. .................................................... 41 Fig. 2-5 Dora Carrington, Cedar Tree in Burgess’s back field, Tidmarsh Mill, c. 1920, oil, 27 x 22 in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. .............. 42 Fig. 2-6 Dora Carrington, Downs from Ham Spray in Winter, 1929-1930, oil, 12 x 14 in. Private collection, by courtesy of Jane Hill. .................................. 44 Fig. 3-1 Frances Garnet Wolseley, ca. 1890. © Wolseley Collection, Brighton and Hove City Libraries. ................................................................................. 54 Fig. 3-2 Frances Wolseley with Leggett and Funnell, 1912. © Wolseley Collection, Brighton and Hove City Libraries. ............................................... 59 Fig. 3-3 Common Place Book, 1901-1906, Vol. 184, Prospectus for the Glynde School for Lady Gardeners, Sussex, England, ca. 1904. © Wolseley Collection, Brighton and Hove City Libraries. ............................................... 61 Fig. 3-4 Common Place Book, 1901-1906, Vol. 184, Glynde School for Lady Gardeners, Sussex, England. Farmhouse Walled Garden with Misses Williams and Colvin, 1905. © Wolseley Collection, Brighton and Hove City Libraries .................................................................................................. 63 Fig. 4-1 Elisabeth-Louise Vigée Lebrun (after), Marie-Antoinette, 1783. The National Gallery of Art (Washington, DC). ArtStor, image in the public domain. ..................................................................... 70/Centrefold Fig. 4-2 Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller, Marie-Antoinette with Madame Royale and the Dauphin, 1785. National Museum (Stockholm). Photo Credit: Scala/White Images/Art Resource, NY. ........................................ 72/Centrefold Fig. 4-3 Richard Mique, General Plan of the Gardens of the Petit Trianon, 1783-1786. Chateaux de Versailles et de Trianon. © RMN-Grand Palais/ Art Resource, NY. ........................................................................................... 79 viii Illustrations and Credits Fig. 4-4 Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Lebrun, Marie-Antoinette in the Park of Versailles, ca. 1780-1781. Private Collection of Jayne Wrightsman, NY. Reproduced with her gracious permission. ......................................................................... 81 Fig. 4-5 Claude-Louis Desrais, Young Lady en polonaise, Galeries des modes et costumes française, pl. 44, 1778. Photograph by Melissa Hyde, 2015, image in the public domain. ....................................................................................... 82 Fig. 4-6 Claude-Louis Desrais, Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette and Louis XVII Walking in the Tuileries Garden, 1790-1791. Photo: Michèle Bellot, Musée du Louvre, © RMN-Grand Palais/Art Resource, NY. ..................................... 86 Fig. 5-1 View of Crowninshield garden by Nicholas de Molas. © Hagley Museum and Library, 1938. ......................................................................................... 100 Fig. 5-2 The Old Refinery. © Hagley Museum and Library, 1969. ..................... 102 Fig. 6-1 Map of the Parc départemental du Sausset © Département de la Seine- Saint Denis, 2013. ......................................................................................... 116 Fig. 6-2 Water Towers, Parc du Sausset. © Amanda Vincent, 2008. .................. 118 Fig. 6-3 The Marsh, Parc du Sausset. © Amanda Vincent, 2008. ....................... 121 Fig. 6-4 The Bocage, Parc du Sausset. © Amanda Vincent, 2008. ..................... 123 Fig. 7-1 Alesia. © Dragan Kujundzic, 2013. ....................................................... 133 Fig. 7-2 Rampart. © Dragan Kujundzic, 2013. ................................................... 133 Fig. 8-1 Little Sparta, Grotto. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. ............................................................ 149 Fig. 8-2 Little Sparta, Memorial to the First Battle of Little Sparta. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. 151 Fig. 8-3 Little Sparta, Virgil’s Spring. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. ......................................... 152 Fig. 8-4 Little Sparta, Sheep Fold. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. ......................................... 154 Fig. 8-5 Little Sparta, Mosaic Pathway. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. ......................................... 158 Fig. 8-6 Little Sparta, detail of a stone sett with lines from the Georgics. Photograph by Victoria Pagán, 2013, by courtesy of the Estate of Ian Hamilton Finlay. ........................................................................................................... 161 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VICTORIA EMMA PAGÁN, JUDITH W. PAGE, AND BRIGITTE WELTMAN-ARON The “spatial turn” in philosophy and critical studies has been widely documented. With their emphasis on space as lived experience or as producing meaning (Lefebvre 1991), such studies demonstrate the extent to which a place is socially and existentially apprehended even as it is theorized. In that view, space is increasingly conceptualized as intricately intertwined with human intervention and reflected on as a “social hieroglyph” (Mitchell
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