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Discovering the True Chrysoperla Carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology
SYSTEMATICS Discovering the True Chrysoperla carnea (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Using Song Analysis, Morphology, and Ecology 1 2 3 4 CHARLES S. HENRY, STEPHEN J. BROOKS, PETER DUELLI, AND JAMES B. JOHNSON Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269Ð3043 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95(2): 172Ð191 (2002) ABSTRACT What was once considered a single Holarctic species of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), has recently been shown to be a complex of many cryptic, sibling species, the carnea species group, whose members are reproductively isolated by their substrate-borne vibrational songs. Because species in the complex are diagnosed by their song phenotypes and not by morphology, the current systematic status of the type species has become a problem. Here, we attempt to determine which song species corresponds to StephensÕ 1835 concept of C. carnea, originally based on a small series of specimens collected in or near London and currently housed in The Natural History Museum. With six European members of the complex from which to choose, we narrow the Þeld to just three that have been collected in England: C. lucasina (Lacroix), Cc2 Ôslow-motorboatÕ, and Cc4 ÔmotorboatÕ. Ecophysiology eliminates C. lucasina, because that species remains green during adult winter diapause, while Cc2 and Cc4 share with StephensÕ type a change to brownish or reddish color in winter. We then describe the songs, ecology, adult morphology, and larval morphology of Cc2 and Cc4, making statistical comparisons between the two species. Results strongly reinforce the conclusion that Cc2 and Cc4 deserve separate species status. In particular, adult morphology displays several subtle but useful differences between the species, including the shape of the basal dilation of the metatarsal claw and the genital ÔlipÕ and ÔchinÕ of the male abdomen, color and coarseness of the sternal setae at the tip of the abdomen and on the genital lip, and pigment distribution on the stipes of the maxilla. -
IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit
IOBC/WPRS Working Group “Integrated Plant Protection in Fruit Crops” Subgroup “Soft Fruits” Proceedings of Workshop on Integrated Soft Fruit Production East Malling (United Kingdom) 24-27 September 2007 Editors Ch. Linder & J.V. Cross IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Bulletin OILB/SROP Vol. 39, 2008 The content of the contributions is in the responsibility of the authors The IOBC/WPRS Bulletin is published by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, West Palearctic Regional Section (IOBC/WPRS) Le Bulletin OILB/SROP est publié par l‘Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Intégrée contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, section Regionale Ouest Paléarctique (OILB/SROP) Copyright: IOBC/WPRS 2008 The Publication Commission of the IOBC/WPRS: Horst Bathon Luc Tirry Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal University of Gent Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Laboratory of Agrozoology Institute for Biological Control Department of Crop Protection Heinrichstr. 243 Coupure Links 653 D-64287 Darmstadt (Germany) B-9000 Gent (Belgium) Tel +49 6151 407-225, Fax +49 6151 407-290 Tel +32-9-2646152, Fax +32-9-2646239 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Address General Secretariat: Dr. Philippe C. Nicot INRA – Unité de Pathologie Végétale Domaine St Maurice - B.P. 94 F-84143 Montfavet Cedex (France) ISBN 978-92-9067-213-5 http://www.iobc-wprs.org Integrated Plant Protection in Soft Fruits IOBC/wprs Bulletin 39, 2008 Contents Development of semiochemical attractants, lures and traps for raspberry beetle, Byturus tomentosus at SCRI; from fundamental chemical ecology to testing IPM tools with growers. -
Seasonal Occurrence and Biological Parameters of the Common Green Lacewing Predators of the Common Pistachio Psylla, Agonoscena Pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)
Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 63–70, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1588 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Seasonal occurrence and biological parameters of the common green lacewing predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) FATEMEH KAZEMI and MOHAMMAD REZA MEHRNEJAD* Pistachio Research Institute, P.O. Box 77175.435, Rafsanjan, Iran Key words. Chrysopidae, lacewings, Chrysoperla lucasina, Psylloidea, Agonoscena pistaciae, pistachio psylla, population density, weeds, intrinsic rate of increase, theoretical threshold, food consumption, biological control Abstract. Species in the carnea complex of the common green lacewing are predators of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in both cultivated pistachio plantations and on wild pistachio plants in Iran. The seasonal occurrence of common green lacewings was monitored in pistachio orchards from 2007 to 2008. In addition, the effect of different temperature regimes on prei- maginal development, survival and prey consumption of the predatory lacewing Chrysoperla lucasina fed on A. pistaciae nymphs were studied under controlled conditions. The adults of common green lacewings first appeared on pistachio trees in mid April and were most abundant in early July, decreased in abundance in summer and increased again in October. The relative density of common green lacewings was higher in pistachio orchards where the ground was covered with herbaceous weeds than in those without weeds. In the laboratory females of C. lucasina laid an average of 1085 eggs over 60 days at 22.5°C. The maximum prey consumption occurred at 35°C when the larvae consumed 1812 fourth instar psyllid nymphs during their larval period. -
Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol
Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco To cite this version: Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco. Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success, IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Controlof Noxious Animals and Plants, 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809583 HAL Id: hal-02809583 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809583 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles: -
The National Plant Biosecurity Status Report
The National Plant Biosecurity Status Report 2014 © Plant Health Australia 2015 Disclaimer: This publication is published by Plant Health Australia for information purposes only. Information in the document is drawn from a variety of sources outside This work is copyright. Apart from any use as Plant Health Australia. Although reasonable care was taken in its preparation, Plant Health permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part Australia does not warrant the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the may be reproduced by any process without prior information, or its usefulness in achieving any purpose. permission from Plant Health Australia. Given that there are continuous changes in trade patterns, pest distributions, control Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction measures and agricultural practices, this report can only provide a snapshot in time. and rights should be addressed to: Therefore, all information contained in this report has been collected for the 12 month period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014, and should be validated and Communications Manager confirmed with the relevant organisations/authorities before being used. A list of Plant Health Australia contact details (including websites) is provided in the Appendices. 1/1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 To the fullest extent permitted by law, Plant Health Australia will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred in or arising by reason of any person relying on the ISSN 1838-8116 information in this publication. Readers should make and rely on their own assessment An electronic version of this report is available for and enquiries to verify the accuracy of the information provided. -
Pest Insects Infesting Carrot and Other Apiaceous Crops
FACTSHEET 01/16 Field Vegetables Dr Rosemary Collier, University of Warwick Pest insects infesting carrot and other Apiaceous crops Carrot and related Apiaceous crops such as parsnip, celeriac and celery may be infested by a relatively small number of damaging pest insect species that can reduce both quality and yield. This factsheet focuses on the pest insects infesting carrot. However, the insects described may also be pests of related crops such as parsnip, celeriac and celery. The factsheet does not cover nematodes or slugs. Figure 1. Carrot fly damage to carrot roots Action points Carrot fly • Use suction trap records to indicate when all species of pest aphid are on the wing. • Use the carrot fly forecast to indicate when adult flies of each generation are likely to emerge and when the • Monitor crops closely. application of insecticide sprays is likely to be most effective. • Use the most effective aphicide treatments available, • Check whether an insecticide spray treatment is able taking account of their effects on natural enemies and be to kill adults or larvae or both stages. To maximise the aware of potential instances of insecticide resistance. ‘knockdown’ effect of insecticide sprays that target adults, they should be applied between 4–6pm on warm days, as Cutworms this is when most female flies are in the crop. • Use pheromone traps to indicate when turnip moths are • Where possible, isolate new crops from possible sources flying and laying eggs. of infestation (older crops), ideally using a separation distance of >1km. • Use a cutworm forecast to estimate the risk of damage to susceptible crops. -
25 Host Plant Resistance and Insect Pest Management in Chickpea
25 Host Plant Resistance and Insect Pest Management in Chickpea H.C. SHARMA,1 C.L.L. GOWDA,1 P.C. STEVENSON,2 T.J. RIDSDILL-SMITH,3 S.L. CLEMENT,4 G.V. RANGA RAO,1 J. ROMEIS,5 M. MILES6 AND M. EL BOUHSSINI7 1Genetics Resources Divisions, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Asia Center, Hyderabad 502324, India; 2Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; 3CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag No 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia; 4USDA-ARS, 59 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6402, USA; 5Agroscope ART Reckenholz Tänikon, Reckenholzstr, 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; 6Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 203 Tor Street, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; 7International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria Insect Pest Problems in Chickpea Chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is the third most important legume crop in the world, after dry beans and peas (FAO, 2003). It is cultivated in 42 countries in South Asia, North and Central America, the Mediterranean region, West Asia and North and East Africa. In recent years, it has become an important crop in Australia, Canada and the USA. Nearly 60 insect species are known to feed on chickpea (Reed et al., 1987) (Table 25.1). The important insect pests damaging chickpea in different regions are: ● Wireworms: false wireworm – Gonocephalum spp.; ● Cutworm: black cutworm – A. ipsilon (Hfn.) and turnip moth – A. segetum Schiff.; ● Termite: Microtermes obesi (Holm.) and Odontotermes sp.; ● Leaf-feeding caterpillars: cabbage looper – Trichoplusia ni (Hub.), leaf caterpillar – S. -
Biosecurity Risk Assessment
An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries by Dr Robert C Keogh February 2012 RIRDC Publication No. 11/141 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-007347 © 2012 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-320-8 ISSN 1440-6845 An Invasive Risk Assessment Framework for New Animal and Plant-based Production Industries Publication No. 11/141 Project No. PRJ-007347 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. -
Molecular-Assisted Pollen Grain Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Origin of Long-Distance Migrants of a Noctuid Moth
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Molecular-Assisted Pollen Grain Analysis Reveals Spatiotemporal Origin of Long-Distance Migrants of a Noctuid Moth Hong Chang 1,2, Jianglong Guo 3, Xiaowei Fu 4, Yongqiang Liu 2, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys 2, Youming Hou 1,* and Kongming Wu 2,* ID 1 State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; [email protected] 2 State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (K.A.G.W.) 3 College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; [email protected] 4 Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (K.W.); Tel.: +86-10-8210-5551 (K.W.) Received: 18 January 2018; Accepted: 8 February 2018; Published: 13 February 2018 Abstract: Pollen grains are regularly used as markers to determine an insect’s movement patterns or host (plant) feeding behavior, yet conventional morphology-based pollen grain analysis (or palynology) encounters a number of important limitations. In the present study, we combine conventional analytical approaches with DNA meta-barcoding to identify pollen grains attached to migrating adults of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Northeast China. More specifically, pollen grains were dislodged from 2566 A. segetum long-distance migrants captured on Beihuang Island (Bohai Sea) and identified to many (plant) species level. -
Turnip Moth, Agrotis Segetum WENQI WU, SYLVIA ANTON, CHRISTER LOFSTEDT, and BILL S
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 8022-8027, July 1996 Neurobiology Discrimination among pheromone component blends by interneurons in male antennal lobes of two populations of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum WENQI WU, SYLVIA ANTON, CHRISTER LOFSTEDT, AND BILL S. HANSSON* Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden Communicated by Wendell Roelofs, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, March 22, 1996 (received for review November 21, 1995) ABSTRACT A difference in female pheromone produc- for gaining further insight into how information concerning tion and male behavioral response has previously been found different inter- and intra-populational blends is processed and in two populations of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, orig- integrated in the AL. In the present comparative study, we inating from Sweden and Zimbabwe, respectively. In this examined deutocerebral neurons of the two turnip moth study, we investigated the pheromone response of antennal populations, stimulating them with four single pheromone lobe interneurons of males of the two populations by intra- components, one behavioral antagonist [(Z)-5-decenol (Z5- cellular recordings, stimulating with single pheromone com- 10:0H)], and mixtures with various combinations of the four ponents and various inter- and intra-populational pheromone components. blends. Three major physiological types of antennal lobe neurons were established in the two populations according to their responses to different stimuli. One type responded MATERIALS AND METHODS broadly to almost all the stimuli tested. The second type Preparation. The Zimbabwean turnip moth culture was responded selectively to some of the single components and established in our laboratory from pupae shipped from Zim- blends. -
Pests of Swedes and Turnips ^ Their Management and Control
Pests of Swedes and Turnips ^ Their management and control Technical Note Summary T551 ı Insecticide options are being reduced for pest control in swedes and turnips ISBN 1 85481 789 8 ı Adoption of mesh covers significantly aids protection against some pests July 2003 ı Cabbage root fly is the major pest of crops in Scotland Introduction The review of anti-cholinesterase pesticides (mainly organophosphate insecticides) initiated by the government in 1998 has led to the withdrawal of 17 insecticides, the majority of which were used on UK horticultural crops. A further 21 insecticides (some of which are used on UK horticultural crops) are currently under review within the EU, and are under threat of withdrawal due to human health and/or environmental reasons. Until a specific off- label approval (SOLA) was granted for the use of chlorfenvinphos on swedes and turnips until December 2003, the UK crop would have had no Fig. 2. Damage to swede by second generation cabbage root fly larvae ^ one larva in situ insecticides available for the control of cabbage root fly in 2002/2003. The pest overwinters in the soil as pupae at the site of a previous brassica crop, oilseed rape or where Consequently, management of insect pests of field brassica weeds were prevalent. The flies emerge vegetable brassicas, especially those of shopping from the pupa in early-mid May. The flies resemble swedes and turnips has changed significantly in small houseflies, are 5^7 mm long, grey-black in response to the reduction in available insecticides. colour and after emergence initially mate and feed The pests and their management have been brought on nectar from wild flowers in hedgerows before up to date in this technical note. -
Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in the Kerala Part of the Western Ghats
Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in the Kerala part of the Western Ghats (Final Report of the Project No. KFRI 375/01) C. Mohanan Forest Pathology Discipline Forest Protection Division K. Yesodharan Forest Botany Discipline Forest Ecology & Biodiversity Conservation Division KFRI Kerala Forest Research Institute An Institution of Kerala State council for Science, Technology and Environment Peechi 680 653 Kerala January 2005 0 ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT PROPOSAL 1. Project No. : KFRI/375/01 2. Project Title : Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fungi in the Kerala part of the Western Ghats 3. Objectives: i. To undertake a comprehensive disease survey in natural forests, forest plantations and nurseries in the Kerala part of the Western Ghats and to document the fungal pathogens associated with various diseases of forestry species, their distribution, and economic significance. ii. To prepare an illustrated document on plant pathogenic fungi, their association and distribution in various forest ecosystems in this region. 4. Date of commencement : November 2001 5. Date of completion : October 2004 6. Funding Agency: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….. 3 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….. 6 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………….……... 11 Results and Discussion…………………………………………………….……... 15 Diversity of plant pathogenic fungi in different forest ecosystems ……………. 27 West coast tropical evergreen forests…………………………………..…..