Soldier, Aviator, Or Both: Analyzing the Impact of Canada's Unified Air Power Structure on Tactical Aviation
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SOLDIER, AVIATOR, OR BOTH: ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF CANADA'S UNIFIED AIR POWER STRUCTURE ON TACTICAL AVIATION LCol D.W. Forbes JCSP 42 PCEMI 42 Master of Defence Studies Maîtrise en études de la défense Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs do not represent Department of National Defence or et ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used Ministère de la Défense nationale ou des Forces without written permission. canadiennes. Ce papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2016. le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2016. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 42 – PCEMI 42 2015 – 2016 MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES – MAÎTRISE EN ÉTUDES DE LA DÉFENSE SOLDIER, AVIATOR, OR BOTH: ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF CANADA'S UNIFIED AIR POWER STRUCTURE ON TACTICAL AVIATION LCol D.W. Forbes “This paper was written by a student “La présente étude a été rédigée par un attending the Canadian Forces College stagiaire du Collège des Forces in fulfilment of one of the requirements canadiennes pour satisfaire à l'une des of the Course of Studies. The paper is a exigences du cours. L'étude est un scholastic document, and thus contains document qui se rapporte au cours et facts and opinions, which the author contient donc des faits et des opinions alone considered appropriate and que seul l'auteur considère appropriés et correct for the subject. It does not convenables au sujet. Elle ne reflète pas necessarily reflect the policy or the nécessairement la politique ou l'opinion opinion of any agency, including the d'un organisme quelconque, y compris le Government of Canada and the gouvernement du Canada et le ministère Canadian Department of National de la Défense nationale du Canada. Il est Defence. This paper may not be défendu de diffuser, de citer ou de released, quoted or copied, except with reproduire cette étude sans la permission the express permission of the Canadian expresse du ministère de la Défense Department of National Defence.” nationale.” Word Count: 24 306 Compte de mots: 24 306 i Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 Vocabulary .................................................................................................................................. 5 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter Description..................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 – A Survey of Contemporary Land Aviation ............................................................... 10 The British ................................................................................................................................. 12 The Dutch .................................................................................................................................. 12 The French................................................................................................................................. 14 The Australians ......................................................................................................................... 15 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 15 Chapter 3 – Canada’s TAE in Detail ............................................................................................ 17 Infancy ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Adolescence .............................................................................................................................. 22 Adulthood .................................................................................................................................. 29 The TAE Today ......................................................................................................................... 39 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 4 – Resulting Issues: Culture, Doctrine and Organization .............................................. 43 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 43 Culture ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Doctrine ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Organization .............................................................................................................................. 61 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 68 Chapter 5 – Resulting Issues: Training/Professional Development and Materiel ........................ 69 Pilot Training............................................................................................................................. 69 Land Environment Training ...................................................................................................... 72 Professional Military Education ................................................................................................ 75 ii Aircraft ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 79 Chapter 6 - Proposal of New Structures ....................................................................................... 80 Universal Adjustments .............................................................................................................. 80 Option 1: The Canadian Corps of Army Aviation .................................................................... 83 Option 2: Operational Command to the Canadian Army .......................................................... 84 Option 3: Status Quo but Better ................................................................................................ 85 Resistance to Change ................................................................................................................ 87 Wither Air Force: Why the RCAF should want to keep the TAE ............................................ 88 Wither Tac Hel: Why the TAE should want to stay with the RCAF ........................................ 91 Wither Army: Why the Army does not want to take Tac Hel................................................... 93 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 7 – Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 99 iii List of Abbreviations 1 CAD 1 Canadian Air Division 1/2 CFFTS 1/2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School 10 TAG 10 Tactical Air Group 1THP 1 Tactical Helicopter Platoon 2 TAF 2 Tactical Air Force AAC Army Air Corps ACDR Aviation Capability Deficiency Record ADM Mat Assistant Deputy Minister - Materiel AFEC Air Force Expeditionary Capability AH Attack Helicopter ALAT Aviation Leger de L'Armée de Terre AMC Aviation Mission Commander AOC Army Operations Course AOP Air Observation Post APC Armoured Personnel Carrier ATAC Advanced Tactical Aviator's Course ATO Air Tasking Order ATOC Advanced Tactical Operations Course BTAC Basic Tactical Aviator's Course CA Canadian Army CAB Combat Aviation Brigade CAB Canadian Aviation Brigade CAF Canadian Armed Forces CANSOFCOM Canadian Special Operations Forces Command CAOC Combined Air Operations Centre CAS Close Air Support CCAA Canadian Corps of Army Aviation CFTO Canadian Forces Technical Orders CH Cargo Helicopter CHF(A) Canadian Helicopter Force (Afghanistan) CMBG Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group COMALAT Command de L'Aviation Leger de L'Armée de Terre CSOR Canadian Special Operations Regiment CSS Combat Support Squadron DAD Directorate Army Doctrine DAEPM TH Directorate Aerospace Equipment Program Management - Transport and Helicopter DAT Directorate Army Training DFS Directorate Flight Safety DOTMP Doctrine - Organization - Training - Materiel - iv Personnel