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  • Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization
    Male Victimization 1 Running Head: MALE VICTIMIZATION Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization Jessica J. Eckstein1, Ph.D. May 5th, 2010 Assistant Professor, Communication Department Western Connecticut State University 1 This paper is “in press” in the journal of Culture, Society, and Masculinities. The manuscript is based on an earlier version of the paper, “Constructing Gendered Victimization: Examining the Narratives of Men Experiencing Violence from Female Partners,” presented at the 2007 annual conference of National Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Male Victimization 2 Abstract This study explored, through in-depth interviews, the experiences of men sexually, psychologically, and/or physically victimized by female romantic partners. Men‟s narratives were analyzed to determine how masculinity and construction of victim-identities were related. Results show that abused men construed victimization as precipitated internally through self- blame and externally via societal-blame. Gendered masculinity was demonstrated for most men in the form of hegemonic-striving via complicit rationalizations; however, a minority of men constructed victimization in terms of protest masculinity. KEY WORDS: Masculinity, Hegemony, Intimate partner violence, Men, Victimization Male Victimization 3 Masculinity of Men Communicating Abuse Victimization Each year, 3.2 million men in the United States are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Male IPV victimization, while not as common as female victimization, is a serious problem with its own set of identity issues for male victims. Unfortunately, men‟s victimization from female partners receives comparatively limited scholarly attention (George, 2003). The goal of this study was to explore, through in-depth interviews, male IPV victims‟ communication of gender identities.
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  • The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles Center for Research on Violence Against Women 4-2010 Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The mpI act of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Carol E. Jordan University of Kentucky, [email protected] Rebecca Campbell Michigan State University Diane R. Follingstad University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Family Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Psychology Commons, and the Social Work Commons Repository Citation Jordan, Carol E.; Campbell, Rebecca; and Follingstad, Diane R., "Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The mpI act of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression" (2010). CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles. 7. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Research on Violence Against Women at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Notes/Citation Information Published in Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, v. 6, p. 607-628. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-090209-151437 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/crvaw_facpub/7 ANRV407-CP06-01 ARI 10 November 2009 12:13 V I E E W R S I E N C N A D V A Violence and Women’s Mental Health: The Impact of Physical, Sexual, and Psychological Aggression Carol E.
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  • Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect
    STATE STATUTES Current Through March 2019 WHAT’S INSIDE Defining child abuse or Definitions of Child neglect in State law Abuse and Neglect Standards for reporting Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal Persons responsible for the child and State laws. At the State level, child abuse and neglect may be defined in both civil and criminal Exceptions statutes. This publication presents civil definitions that determine the grounds for intervention by Summaries of State laws State child protective agencies.1 At the Federal level, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment To find statute information for a Act (CAPTA) has defined child abuse and neglect particular State, as "any recent act or failure to act on the part go to of a parent or caregiver that results in death, https://www.childwelfare. serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, gov/topics/systemwide/ or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that laws-policies/state/. presents an imminent risk of serious harm."2 1 States also may define child abuse and neglect in criminal statutes. These definitions provide the grounds for the arrest and prosecution of the offenders. 2 CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-320), 42 U.S.C. § 5101, Note (§ 3). Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS 800.394.3366 | Email: [email protected] | https://www.childwelfare.gov Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect https://www.childwelfare.gov CAPTA defines sexual abuse as follows: and neglect in statute.5 States recognize the different types of abuse in their definitions, including physical abuse, The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.
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  • Constitutional Dimensions of the Battered Woman Syndrome
    OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL Volume 53, Number 2, 1992 Constitutional Dimensions of the Battered Woman Syndrome ERICH D. ANDERSEN* AND ANNE READ-ANDERSEN** The exclusion of expert witness testimony on the battered woman syndrome ("syndrome") m a criminal trial often raises both evidentiary and constitutional issues for appeal.' Defendants typically offer testimony on the syndrome to prove that they acted m self-defense when they killed or wounded their mates.2 If the trial court excludes the testimony for lack of foundation or because it is irrelevant, for instance, this exclusion creates a potential evidentiary issue for appeal. 3 The same ruling may also raise a constitutional question because the accused has a constitutional right to present a defense.4 The right to present a defense is implicated when the trial court excludes evidence that is favorable and material to the defense.5 Scholars have been attentive to the evidentiary problems associated with excluding testimony on the syndrome. Over the past decade, many commentators have considered whether, and if so when, expert testimony should be admitted to support a battered woman's assertion of self-defense.6 * Associate, Davis Wright Tremame, Seattle, Washington; B.A. 1986, J.D., 1989, Umversity of California, Los Angeles. **Associate, Preston, Thorgrmson, Shidler, Gates & Ellis, Seattle, Washington; B.A. 1986, College of the Holy Cross; J.D., 1989, Umversity of Michigan. This Article is dedicated to our parents: Margaret and David Read and Lotte and David Andersen. Without their love and guidance, this Article would not have been possible. We also thank Joseph Kearney and John Mamer for their valuable editing help.
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  • Living Under Siege: Women's Narratives of Psychological Violence Within Coercively Controlling Intimate Partner Relationships
    Living Under Siege: Women’s Narratives of Psychological Violence within Coercively Controlling Intimate Partner Relationships A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand Carmel M. Hancock 2017 i Abstract Good relationships feel good. They feel right. They don't hurt. (Michelle Obama, 2016). As a global epidemic, the violence of women enacted through gendered social power relations of inequality, exploit, harm, and silence women. Specifically, intimate partner violence (IPV) constitutes a systematic pattern of coercive control, embedded within psychological, physical, and/or sexual violence, that intimidates and hurts women through fear and terror. Although previous literature has identified the debilitating effects of psychological violence, within our socio-political landscape physical violence continues to occupy a more visible and privileged position, minimising other forms of violence. The aim of this research, therefore, was to explore and make visible heterosexual women’s experiences of psychological violence within previous intimate relationships, framed through coercive control, to enable a greater understanding of how women become subjected to men’s coercion and control within intimate relationships. The aim was also to explore how psychological violence positions women within the gendered social hierarchy. A narrative- discursive approach analysed the stories of six women subjected to psychological violence and attended to the discursive resources the women used to narrate their experiences. The analysis identified how the women’s experiences of heteronormative coupledom developed into relationships of coercion and control, emphasising their inequitable and subordinate positions within femininity. Becoming entrapped within a destructive pattern of coercion, the women’s everyday lives were micro-regulated through their partners’ tactics of intimidation, isolation, and control and through their own operations of imperceptible disciplinary power.
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  • The Sociology of Gaslighting
    ASRXXX10.1177/0003122419874843American Sociological ReviewSweet 874843research-article2019 American Sociological Review 2019, Vol. 84(5) 851 –875 The Sociology of Gaslighting © American Sociological Association 2019 https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122419874843DOI: 10.1177/0003122419874843 journals.sagepub.com/home/asr Paige L. Sweeta Abstract Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender- based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized,
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  • Sexist Myths Emergency Healthcare Professionals and Factors Associated with the Detection of Intimate Partner Violence in Women
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Sexist Myths Emergency Healthcare Professionals and Factors Associated with the Detection of Intimate Partner Violence in Women Encarnación Martínez-García 1,2 , Verónica Montiel-Mesa 3, Belén Esteban-Vilchez 4, Beatriz Bracero-Alemany 5, Adelina Martín-Salvador 6,* , María Gázquez-López 7, María Ángeles Pérez-Morente 8,* and María Adelaida Alvarez-Serrano 7 1 Guadix High Resolution Hospital, 18500 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain 3 Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, 18014 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 4 San Cecilio Clinical Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, 18016 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 5 The Inmaculate Clinic, Andalusian Health Service, 18004 Granada, Spain; [email protected] 6 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain 7 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain; Citation: Martínez-García, E.; [email protected] (M.G.-L.); [email protected] (M.A.A.-S.) 8 Montiel-Mesa, V.; Esteban-Vilchez, B.; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.M.-S.); [email protected] (M.Á.P.-M.) Bracero-Alemany, B.; Martín- Salvador, A.; Gázquez-López, M.; Pérez-Morente, M.Á.; Alvarez- Abstract: This study analysed the capacity of emergency physicians and nurses working in the Serrano, M.A. Sexist Myths city of Granada (Spain) to respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) against women, and the Emergency Healthcare Professionals mediating role of certain factors and opinions towards certain sexist myths in the detection of and Factors Associated with the cases.
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  • Cycle-Of-Abuse-1-Handout-4-Dragged
    HONEYMOON STAGE Relationship starts out with Romance, flowers, lots of compliments and attention says “I love you” early on, comes on strong, quick involvement; after abuse apologizes, makes excuses and all of the above ACUTE BATTERING STAGE Worst abuse, verbal, physical, sexual violence, leaving victim wounded physically, psychologically TENSION BUILDING STAGE Tension builds, arguments, emotional and psychological abuse, criticism, name-calling, threats, intimidation, may be minor physical abuse; victim fearful *Adapted from Lenore Walker’s cycle of violence CYCLE OF ABUSE At the beginning of the relationship, the Honeymoon Stage, the victim is swept off their feet by all the compliments, gifts, and attention. The abuser comes on strong and pressures for a commitment. After awhile, the abuse starts slowly and insidiously, unrecognizable to the victim. And if they do recognize that something might not be right, they make excuses for the abuser’s behavior, as the abuser is quick to apologize and offer explanations that the victim believes. As the victim tolerates the abuse, the abuse escalates slowly and continues through the Tension Building Stage and then the Acute Battering Stage. This is followed by the Honeymoon Stage wherein the abuser apologizes, offers gifts, attention, etc. and once again, the victim, who wants to believe the abuser is capable of change, and/or that they can change him, continues in the relationship. This then becomes a self-perpetuating, vicious, and dangerous cycle. Make no mistake, all the while the abuser is isolating the victim from family and friends by convincing them friends and family no longer care about them or can be trusted.
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  • Institutional Betrayal and Gaslighting Why Whistle-Blowers Are So Traumatized
    DOI: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000306 Continuing Education r r J Perinat Neonat Nurs Volume 32 Number 1, 59–65 Copyright C 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Institutional Betrayal and Gaslighting Why Whistle-Blowers Are So Traumatized Kathy Ahern, PhD, RN ABSTRACT marginalization. As a result of these reprisals, whistle- Despite whistle-blower protection legislation and blowers often experience severe emotional trauma that healthcare codes of conduct, retaliation against nurses seems out of proportion to “normal” reactions to work- who report misconduct is common, as are outcomes place bullying. The purpose of this article is to ap- of sadness, anxiety, and a pervasive loss of sense ply the research literature to explain the psychological of worth in the whistle-blower. Literature in the field processes involved in whistle-blower reprisals, which of institutional betrayal and intimate partner violence result in severe emotional trauma to whistle-blowers. describes processes of abuse strikingly similar to those “Whistle-blower gaslighting” is the term that most ac- experienced by whistle-blowers. The literature supports the curately describes the processes mirroring the psycho- argument that although whistle-blowers suffer reprisals, logical abuse that commonly occurs in intimate partner they are traumatized by the emotional manipulation many violence. employers routinely use to discredit and punish employees who report misconduct. “Whistle-blower gaslighting” creates a situation where the whistle-blower doubts BACKGROUND her perceptions, competence, and mental state. These On a YouTube clip,1 a game is described in which a outcomes are accomplished when the institution enables woman is given a map of house to memorize.
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  • Repeat Victimisation, Retraumatisation and Victim Vulnerability
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 36 The Open Criminology Journal, 2015, 8, 36-48 Open Access Repeat Victimisation, Retraumatisation and Victim Vulnerability Nicola Graham-Kevan*, Matthew Brooks, VJ Willan, Michelle Lowe, Phaedra Robinson, Roxanne Khan, Rachel Stokes, May Irving, Marta Karwacka and Joanne Bryce School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK Abstract: This study explores the contribution that traumatic experiences and psychological post-traumatic stress symptoms make to predicting subsequent revictimisation in a sample of violent crime victims. In addition, the timing of first trauma exposure was also explored. Fifty-four adult victims (27 male and 27 female) of police recorded violent crime were interviewed and their traumatic exposure history, trauma symptomology, age at first trauma exposure as well as psychological and psychosocial functioning were assessed. These victims were followed longitudinally and subsequent revictimisation between six and twelve months post index victimisation measured. A greater number of types of trauma exposure was related lower emotional stability, higher trauma symptomology and revictimisation. Those victims with childhood traumatic exposure reported more trauma symptomology exposure than those without prior exposure. The implications for law enforcement and victim services are discussed. Keywords: Crime, victims, violence, psychological trauma, post traumatic press. Interest in revictimisation (revictimisation refers here to of subsequent victimisation increases. This could be through any subsequent victimisation after the recorded index violent maladaptive coping (Fortier, DiLillo, Messman-Moore, victimisation) has been increasing over the past decade Peugh, DeNardi & Gaffey, 2009), such as substance use (Farrell, 2005) and so the factors that help to explain this (Dumais, De Benedictis, Joyal, Allaire, Lessage & Côte, phenomena are an important area to research (Davis, 2013; Hassel, Nordfjærn & Hagen, 2013), hypervigilance Maxwell, & Taylor, 2006).
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  • Psychological Coercion of Human Trafficking Victims
    IHRLR 18 HOPPER 6-04-06 6/5/2006 4:50:23 PM INVISIBLE CHAINS: PSYCHOLOGICAL COERCION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING VICTIMS * ** ELIZABETH HOPPER, PH.D. AND JOSÉ HIDALGO, M.D. I. Introduction The terror that grips a victim of abuse can be the same whether physical violence or psychological force is used. Rashi1 was a victim of modern-day slavery for over ten years. She was brought to the United States as a domestic servant and was forced to work from morning to night, was not paid, and was made to sleep on a mat on the floor. She was forced to beg for her meager portions of food and suffered from untreated tuberculosis because she was not al- lowed to seek medical care. Rashi had no contact with the outside world because her employer forbade her to leave the home, to use the telephone, or even to watch television. She was denigrated and ver- bally abused on a daily basis. Her employer frequently flew into rages, threatening to have her family killed if she tried to escape. Af- ter years of this treatment, a hard stare from her employer was enough to send her cowering into the corner. When Rashi was fi- nally rescued, she was asked why she had not left. It is easy to comprehend slavery created with chains. Physi- cal forms of violence and control are understandable because of their visibility. If slaves are locked inside a room, it is obvious why they do not leave. If they have bruises, the harm that has come to them is apparent.
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  • Bullying: out of the School Halls and Into the Workplace
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2010 Bullying: Out Of The School Halls And Into The Workplace Lucretia Cooney University of Central Florida Part of the Sociology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Cooney, Lucretia, "Bullying: Out Of The School Halls And Into The Workplace" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4432. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4432 BULLYING: OUT OF THE SCHOOL HALLS AND INTO THE WORKPLACE by LUCRETIA LYNN COONEY B.S. University of Central Florida, 2007 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2010 ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this study is to identify those people at most risk of being bullied at work. While much research is being conducted on school bullying, little has been conducted on workplace bullying. Using data gathered from a 2004 study conducted by the National Opinion Research Center for the General Social Survey, which included a Quality of Work Life (QWL) module for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), linear regressions indicated significant findings.
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