THE LIFE-BOAT,

OB

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

[PRICE 2». VOL* . Ill—No. 25.J] JULY IST, 1857. fact, to live; and the tears of weeping THE. RESTORATION OF PERSONS relatives and friends are turned to joy.' APPARENTLY DROWNED. It is, indeed, a privilege to be permitted WHAT member is there of any Christian to take any part in the promotion of so community who has not meditated, with grand a work; proportionally anxious, how- feelings of reverential and grateful emotion, ever, must those feel who are engaged in on the miraculous restoration to life of it to possess themselves with an accurate LAZARUS after he had been dead four days ? knowledge of the most certain means with Who is there that has not pictured to him- which to effect their important under- self the pathetic interview between the two taking. sisters and our SAVIOOE on that memorable The NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, occasion ? Who is there whose thoughts although its more immediate function is have not travelled backward through die the provision of means to rescue the ship- long ages that have since passed away, and wrecked mariner and convey him safely tc rejoiced with those favoured women on the the land, is yet frequently, in its pursuit of return of one so dear to them, whom they that function, brought into contact with had mourned over as for ever removed from persons partially drowned. Accordingly, their earthly view ? at its numerous life-boat stations, it has had Such miraculous power is not deputed to posted up in the boat-houses those instruc- mortal man! yet there are cases where the tions for the treatment of seemingly-drowned physician, by the skilful use of the means persons which have been supposed to be which GOD has placed in his hands, pro- the most appropriate, which instructions are duces effects of a strikingly analogous cha- often the only guide of the persons called racter ; where all the functions of life have on' to assist, until medical aid can be ob- ceased; where the heart is still, and the tained. living fountain of the blood has become as The instructions hitherto adopted by the it were a stagnate pool; where the vital Institution have been those promulgated by principle itself has apparently fled, and the the Royal Humane Society of London, soul departed from its earthly tenement; whose attention had been more especially yet all has been restored again, and the devoted to the subject. So long as those living man has once more inhaled the breath rales were not impugned, the Committee of of life. the Institution thought they were safe in Perhaps the most striking and most adopting them; but as they have recently interesting cases of this almost restoration been disputed in some-parts by Dr. MAE- to life after death are those of persons who SHALL HALL, a gentleman of note in his have been apparently drowned. By the profession, and as numerous other medical persevering use of certain means, the clay- men have expressed a coincidence with his cold and seemingly-lifeless corpse is again conclusions, the Committee of the NATIONAL restored to warmth, and made to breathe, to LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION have felt it to be feel, to see, to speak, to hear, to think—in their duty to obtain for themselves all the

LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL.—Vol. IIL—No. 25. 70 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1857. information on the subject that is to be had, medical authorities of their several countries with a view to a revision of its former rules, an opinion on the proper treatment to be if found to be necessary. adopted for the restoration of suspended The Committee have accordingly deter- animation, from drowning. We now further, mined to appeal to the medical profession through the columns of this Journal, solicit generally, both in this and other countries, the favour of an opinion from all medical to aid them in effecting an object of such men who may have studied the subject, and vital importance. As a first step, a letter especially from those whose own experience was in April last forwarded to the Medi- has furnished them with practical information cal Journals, together with copies of the old on it, feeling sure that so humane and im- and of the proposed new modes of treat- portant an object will be deemed by many ment, whilst others of similar import have of them deserving of their serious attention since been addressed to all the leading and co-operation. medical and surgical institutions in this The following are copies of the two country, and to medical men individually, in modes of treatment, viz., the present In- the towns bordering on our sea-coasts, lakes, structions of the Royal Humane Society, and rivers. Communications have likewise and the Proposed New Method of Dr. been addressed to the Ambassadors of foreign MAKSHALL HALL :— powers, soliciting them to obtain from the

TO RESTORE PERSONS APPARENTLY DROWNED.

Royal Humane Society's Instructions. Dr. Marshall Buffs Proposed Method.

SEND QUICKLY FOB MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. 1. Treat the patient INSTANTLY, ON THE SPOT, a Cautims. THE OPEN AIR, EXPOSING the face and chest to the 1. Lose no time. BREEZE (except in severe weather). 3. Avoid all rough usage. 3. Never hold up the body by the feet. I. To CLEAR THE THBOAT— 4. Nor roll the body on casks. 2. Place the patient gently on the face, with one 5. Nor rub the body with salt or spirits. WRIST under the forehead; 6. Nor inject tobacco-smoke or infusion of to- [all fluids and the tongue itself then fall forwards, bacco. leaving the entrance into the windpipe FREE.} I. Convey the body carefully, on its face, with If there be breathing—wait and WATCH ; if not, the head and shoulders supported in a raised posi- or if it FAIL,— tion, to the nearest house. II. Strip the body, and rub it dry; then wrap it II. To EXCITE RESPIRATION— in hot blankets, and place it in a warm bed in a 3. Turn the patient well and INSTANTLY on bin warm chamber free from smoke. side, and— III. Wipe and cleanse the mouth and nostrils. 4. Excite the nostrils with snuff, or the throat IV. lu order to restore the natural heat of the with a feather, &c., and dash cold water on the body, face, previously rubbed warm. More a heated covered warming-pan over If there be no success, LOSE NOT A MOMENT, but the back and spine. INSTANTLY— Put bladders or bottles of hot water, or heated bricks, to the pit of the stomach, III. To IMITATE RESPIRA.TIOS— the arm-pits, between the thighs, and to 5. Replace the patient on his face, RAISING and the soles of the feet. supporting the chest WELL on a folded coat or Foment the body with hot flannels. other article of dress; Rub the body briskly with the hand; do 6. Turn the body very GENTLY ON THE SIDE AMD not, however, suspend the use of the other A LITTLE BEYOND, and then BRISKLY on the face, means at the same time; but, if possible, alternately; repeating these measures delibe- immerse the body in a warm bath at rately, efficiently, and perseveringly FIFTEEK times blood heat, or 100° of the thermometer, in the minute, occasionally VARYING the side; as this is preferable to the other means [when the patient reposes on the chest, this cavity it for restoring warmth. compressed by the weight of the body, and EXPIRA- Y. Volatile salts or hartshorn to be passed TION takes place ; taken he is turned on the side, Ufa occasionally to and fro under the nostrils. pressure is removed, and INSPIRATION occurs.] JULY 1,1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 71

VI. No more persons to be admitted into the 7. When the PRONE position is resumed, HAKE room than are absolutely necessary. equable but efficient PRESSURE, with brisk move- ment, ALONG the back of the CBEST; BEHOVING it GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. immediately before rotation on the side; On the restoration of life, a teaspoonful of [the first measure augments the expiration, the second warm water should be given; and then, if the commences inspiration.'] power of swallowing be returned, small quantities of wine, or diluted brandy, warm: the patient *,* THE RESULT is—RESPIKATJOB j—AND, w nor should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep TOO LATE, LIFE* encouraged. Great care is requisite to maintain IV. To INDUCE CIRCULATION ANDW.UUJTH— the restored vital actions, and at the same time to prevent undue excitement. 8. Meantime rub the limbs UPWARDS, with FIRM GRASPING PRESSURE and with ENERGY, using hand- The treatment recommended by the Society to be persevered in for three or four hours, at it it an kerchiefs, &c. erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable be- [by this measure the blood is propelled along the veins cause life doet not toon mate its appearance, eases towards the heart."] having come under the notice of the. Society of suc- 9. Let the limbs be thus wanned and dried, and cessful remit* even after Jive hours; and it is alto then clothed, the bystanders supplying the re- absurd to suppose that a body must not be meddled quisite garments. with or removed without the previous permission of a 10. AVOID THE CONTINUOUS WARM-BATH, AND Coroner. THE POSITION ON, OH INCLINED TO, THE BACK.

Our limited space will not admit of our 4. That it be imitated by artificial ex- placing before our readers the whole of pansion and contraction of the chest. Dr. MARSHALL HALL'S arguments in detail; 5. That circulation be restored by friction they will, however, find the subject dis- and artificial warmth. cussed by him in the columns of the Lancet, The substance of the doctor's arguments in No. 15, and subsequent Nos. in Vol. I., are, on the first head, that loss of time will, and in Nos. VI., VII., and X. of the present in many if not in most cases, be fatal; on year. They may also see a summary of the the second head, that if the body be placed same in the 21st No. of this Journal. We on the back, the tongue will of itself fall will merely now shortly explain the leading into such a position as to close the opening points of difference between the old and the of' the windpipe and prevent breathing; proposed methods:— which Dr. HALL asserts he has repeatedly Old Method.—After certain cautions in- proved by experiment on the dead subject. tended to counteract mistaken notions pre- On the third, fourth, and fifth heads, that it valent amongst ignorant people, the old is of the utmost importance respiration be instructions directed the body to be removed, in the first instance restored, and that circu- on its lack, in a raised position, to the lation of the blood had better remain sus- nearest house, where every means were to pended until it is so. He, therefore, al- be then resorted to to promote warmth and together condemns the excitation of warmth, restore circulation, of the blood; but no especially by means of a continuous warm- attempt to promote a return of suspended bath, until breathing has re-commenced. respiration appears to have been provided His arguments are—that in life the two for. The recommendation to place the always go together—that by the act of body on the back was, however, subse- respiration alone can the blood be purified quently rescinded in deference to the opinion as it passes through the lungs, and is ex- of Dr. M. HALL as expressed in a pamphlet posed to the oxygen of the air inhaled by presented by him to the Royal Humane them; and that without such purifying Society. process, carbonic acid, or blood-poison as it New Method.—On the contrary, Dr. M. is termed, must accumulate and destroy life, HALL directs, We think there is something strikingly 1. That the patient be treated "in- beautiful and simple in the process of re- stantly," " on the spot," " in the open air." storing respiration by the artificial and me- 2. That the body be placed on the face. chanical expansion and contraction of the 3. That respiration be excited. chest. In the means Dr. HALL recommends 72 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1857. for promoting warmth and re-circulation of neglect of such provision we shall always the blood there is also the novelty of rubbing consider a national sin. the limbs from the extremities to the central Now it cannot be said that troops or any parts of the body, to bring back the chilled other persons on shipboard are provided and coagulating blood again within the in- with " every available means of security," fluence of the first renewed but feeble action unless a sufficient number of safe boats are of the heart. attached to their ship to receive them aU on Altogether, although we are uninstructed' board in case of fire or foundering at sea. in the medical art, Dr. HALL'S arguments The difficulty of the stowage of such a num- appear to us so forcible and theoretically ber of boats has been got over by the in- conclusive, and his experiments so con- vention of the collapsible life-boat; if, there- vincing, that we cannot but deem them fore, its safety and efficiency are established, deserving of the most serious and careful it follows that no troop-ship or passenger- consideration from every member of his vessel should be without a sufficient supply distinguished profession. of such boats. Having already expressed our opinion at large on this subject, we do not now pro- THE COLLAPSIBLE LIFE-BOAT. pose to go over the same ground again. " We have nailed our colours to the mast," IN No. 10 of this Journal we described with the device inscribed on them, " Life- and eulogized this, as we believe, invaluable loot accommodation for every person em- boat, invented by the Rev. E. L. BERTHON, barked under the British flag;" short of of Fareham, and in our 23rd Number we which nothing will satisfy us. We have stated that we should not cease to draw the also pronounced our opinion decisively on attention of our readers to its peculiar merits the capability of the collapsible life-boat to and advantages, f. e., as a ship's life-boat for meet the required want. We now purpose, vessels carrying troops or passengers. in further elucidation of Mr. BEBTHON'S plan, We are again reminded of that intention to add diagrams of his boat, the woodcuts of by the occurrence of the war with China, which he has kindly furnished to us, together involving the transport of troops to that with some particulars respecting those which distant part of the world, and by accidents have been already in use, that will serve to having recently occurred to two Government illustrate ^eir properties, especially that of steam troop-ships, the Urgent and the strength. It is the more necessary that we Transit, neither of which, it is said, had should do so, as, in consequence of the sink- boat accommodation for half of the persons ing of an experimental mortar-boat, built on on board them. Now had either of these Mr. BERTHON'S plan about two years since vessels foundered at sea, and more than half (which was published in the newspapers at its inmates perished from the want of boats the time), unfavourable and mistaken im- to take them on board, what an indelible pressions may have been entertained regard- disgrace would have been inflicted on our ing them, whereas an examination into the country for thus suffering the lives of its cause of that accident afforded a striking brave defenders to be uselessly imperilled ! illustration of the immense strength of this For, is it not enough that men should fear- description of boat. lessly expose their lives to the sword of the The mortar-boat in question was con- foe, without their also incurring unnecessary structed to carry a 13-inch mortar, the shell risk by the mere act of their conveyance to of which weighed 208 Ibs., which was fired the scenes of their duties ? That our soldiers, with a charge of 20 Ibs. of powder, and the as well as our sailors, should be ready at all total weight of which was 8| tons, exclusive times to encounter the ordinary dangers of of ammunition. Now it so happened that the sea, we at once admit; but what we when the mortar was being lowered into contend for is, that they should be provided this boat (the mortar itself weighing 5J with every available means of security. The tons) the block by which it was suspended JULY 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 73 broke, and that enormous weight of metal above described confirms us in our previous fell through a height of about 4 feet into opinion of the great strength of Mr. BEK- the boat Now we feel quite sure that THOS'S boats. In illustration of their strength if the same accident had happened to a mer- and immunity from injury when in a col- chant vessel of average strength of build, the lapsed state, we may relate that one of them mortar would have gone through her bottom. now on board Her Majesty's steam troop- We do not mean to say it would have gone ship, Perseverance, on trial, was, on her through the floor of a ship having a solid bot- recently going to sea, secured out-board, tom, as so long advocated by our friend Mr. abaft her fore channels, where, when on the BALLISGAL, of Melbourne, Australia, and weather side, it was exposed to the full with which every merchant vessel should be effects of the sea. That the ship being built, but that it would have broken its way suddenly hurried out of port, there was no through the floor of an ordinary merchant time to affix a tarpauline cover which Mr. ship. In consequence, however, of the great BERTHON had considered an indispensable strength of this peculiar build, no serious security, and which, from its presenting on injury apparently resulted from the accident, all parts a smooth surface to the sea, would and the mortar was accordingly placed in have offered no unequal resistance to it. the boat and the trials of it were proceeded That immediately after sailing, and before with. After several days' firing, it was any opportunity had offered to attach the observed that the boat heeled on one side, cover, the ship encountered a heavy gale and the same being supposed to arise from a which materially damaged her upper bul- leak, permission was obtained by Mr. BER- warks, on the same side on which the boat THON to have the mortar taken out and the was stowed, although they were in a less boat carefully examined. It was then found exposed positipn, washing away also one of that one of the longitudinal timbers, at the her quarter boats; yet that Mr. BERTHON'S spot where the mortar had fallen, was broken boat, unprotected and imperfectly secured through, which, under the effect of the con- as it was, passed unscathed through the stant subsequent discharges of the mortar, same ordeal. had gradually collapsed to some exten.t, and To what other conclusion, then, can we thus altered the shape of the boat on that come than that, whether collapsed or ex- side, causing her to heel over as above de- panded,' these boats are possessed of more scribed. The mortar having been taken than ordinaiy strength ? out, the boat was repaired, a new timber It is not, however, as mortar-boats or being inserted in lieu of the broken one: gun-boats that we would primarily advance it, however, unfortunately happened that the importance of this invention, although one of the workmen, in Mr. BERTHON'S ab- we must confess we think some 50 or 60 of sence,' in nailing the india-rubber cloth to them so armed would, at this moment, be the edge of the new timber, materially found invaluable auxiliaries to our fleet on weakened the former through a small portion the coast of China, drawing, as they would of its length, by driving in the nails close do, but a few inches water, and carried col- to each other, instead of at a distance of lapsed to the scene of action, as they might 1J- inch apart; thus establishing a weak be, to the number of twenty in one old ship point in the fabric, which afterwards gave of the line. way at that point from the concussion of the The one point on which we would base mortar's subsequent discharge, and (at the our whole argument for the adoption of fifteenth round) occasioned the accident these boats, is the immense advantage ob- abov« referred to. tained by their collapsibility, enabling them Mr. BERTHON has since devised an in- to be stowed away in a reduced space, and genious method of attaching the flexible in various positions on shipboard in which cloth to the timbers of his boats without no ordinary boat can be stowed. By this any perforations being made in it. property, no matter how crowded a ship may A consideration of all the circumstances be with human beings, there may be boat • THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1857. accommodation, nay, life-boat accommoda- by a surf or roller on the beach, such a boat tion, for every one of them ; there need be no would not sink; and in the case of the land- confusion, no rushing headlong into and np- ing of troops—an operation which it might • setting in succession boat after boat as thej often be important to perform without wait- are lowered into the sea; no fearful anxiety ing for a surf to go down—an army might as to who should be the unfortunate crea- land in such boats without wetting either tures left on board to perish. There need their arms or their ammunition. never again be witnessed the fearfully mag- We do, therefore, trust that an invention, nificent spectacle of the noble old colonel* which we believe to be of national interest calmly directing his men, rank and file, each and importance, may not be suffered to perish in his turn, to descend the side of the burn- in embryo for want of that support and en- ing ship, whilst he and the residue of his couragement which the government of the band, for whom no boat accommodation had country can alone afford. Mr. BEBTHON has, been provided, awaited, with heroic resigna- we are informed, already expended several tion, their terrible and inevitable fate. But thousand pounds in his endeavours to bring there may be boats for all—boats which, as it to perfection, and does not feel called on we have in a former paper remarked, by or able to do more; nor can it be expected having each painted on them, in conspicuous that he should do so, however much he characters, the number of persons they were may feel convinced of its national utility. severally fitted to carry, would, beforehand, We have ourselves, from the same con- impart confidence to the emigrants or other viction, done what we could to bring it into passengers for whose security they were in- public notice; we shall now conclude by tended ; boats, which not only would convey placing before our readers some diagrams their inmates safely through.a heavy mid- explanatory of the collapsible life-boat, with ocean sea, but, if required to do so, would a short account of its nature and mode of land them in safety through the much more action, and refer them, for a more detailed dangerous surf on the shore. For if filled description of it, to the previous Numbers * Vide Life-Beat Journal, No. 13, page 140. of this Journal above alluded to.

Fig. 1.

A Side-view of a Collapsible Life-Boat.

Fig. 2.

A Gunwale Plan of the same. JOLT 1,1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 75 Fig. 3.

A life-boat, 12 feet wide, is stowed within the space bounded by the black line a a, and protected below by a kind of chainwale b, the davits d being topped up. When the gripes are cast off, the davits drop into the position of the dotted lines, with the boat, which imme- diately opens, e c is a midship's section, the shaded parts representing the air-cells.

Showing a Section of a Collapsible Life-Boat in a collapsed state, as stowed, and in an expanded state, as in the act of lowering. It may in this manner be stowed in many positions outside a ship, in which no ordinary boat could be stowed. The chief peculiarity of these boats con- stern-post. The planking is formed of two sists in their power of instantaneously ex- skins attached respectively to the inner and panding, when required, by their own outer edges of the timbers, and being 'com- weight; this is accomplished in the follow- posed of plies of canvas and cured India- ing manner:—All the timbers are longitu- rubber they are very flexible and strong. dinal (usually eight besides the keel), and When open the timbers stand apart in jointed together at the tops of the stem and radiating planes extending the skins, the 76 THE LIFE-BOAT, [JULY 1, 1857.

Fig. 4.

a Ordinary cutter, or quarter-boat, 8 feet wide.

b A. space in which a collapsing life-boat, 10 feet wide, is stowed, to be lowered by the same davits as the cutter, as soon as the latter is down.

Showing a Section of a Collapsible Life-Boat (i) as stowed between an ordinary outside boat and a ship's side. thwarts, bottom-boards, &c., performing When shut the timbers fall down side by the office of extenders, as shown in Fig. 3, side like the leaves of a bo6k on its edge, the where the shaded parts represent the spaces thwarts and bottom-boards being jointed or compartments into which the body of the also; and thus the breadth of the boat is boat is divided, and which fill themselves reduced to about one-fifth of what it is with air in expanding. when expanded. r JULY 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 77

has been gathered together by the winds, or NOTICES OF BOOKS. the vast bed of mud accumulated and depo- The Mercantile Marine Magazine. sited by the waters than the beautiful edifice AMONGST the numerous valuable periodica combining strength, durability, and beauty, publications, magazines, and reviews, witl the product of an intellectual mind. which the literature of this country abounds, Had such a work existed since the com- is it not strange that, until but recently, mencement of the present century, what there should have been none exclusively might it not have accomplished—a work representing and devoted to the interests which should have been a vehicle of com- of our mercantile marine, that vast machine munication between the many enterprising whose gigantic operations extended to every and enlightened minds who have served known portion of the globe, have reared up since that period in our merchant navy— the pile of our national greatness to its which should have collected and published present huge proportions ? Yet we believe their observations and discoveries made in that, until January 1854, when the first every part of the world—which should have monthly number of the Mercantile Marine laid bare many of the evils existing in that Magazine made its appearance, there was service, and pointed out the road to amend- no publication beyond a newspaper, which ment—which should have made known and exclusively represented and was addressed explained the character of new inventions to the merchant navy of England. and improvements in'ships, in their furnish- Since the year 1830 we have had that ings, and their management—which should valuable monthly serial, the Nautical Maga- have been a medium for the discussion of zine, in which much important information scientific subjects connected with, navigation, has, from time to time, appeared on matters interesting to the nautical world in general, naval architecture, and commerce—which both mercantile and naval, but it has been, should, above all, have served as an incen- we believe, for the most part contributed to, tive to practical nautical men to think as and has, for the most part, circulated well as to observe, and which should have amongst, the officers of the Royal Navy, taught many of them how to turn their and has not so generally found its way to thoughts and observations to the best prac- the hands of the merchant seaman. tical account for the benefit, not only of It would indeed be matter for still greatei themselves but of mankind. astonishment to us, when we consider the Who can tell what might have resulted magnitude of the interests involved in our from such a work, during the last fifty mercantile marine, and the influence and the or sixty yews ? Who can tell that the numbers of those immediately interested in clumsy, unimproved form of our merchant- its welfare—the merchant, the shipowner, ressels, fostered by a false and mischievous the underwriter, the master, the mate, the system of calculating tonnage, would have seaman, it would be matter for still greater continued until but a recent period ? Who astonishment to us, that such numerous, can tell that merchant-vessels, like our men- and if we except the fore-mast man, such of-war, would not long since have been influential bodies should not, at an early railt with solid floors which would have period, have put forward and supported enabled them to strand on a lee-shore with- such a publication, which should have out going to pieces and drowning their served for their mutual enlightenment and crews almost at the first concussion with improvement, were we not painfully re- he ground ? Who can tell that the present minded by the present circumstances and system of almost unlimited insurance, in analogies of our merchant marine in other competing clubs, would have now existed; respects, that it^ has rather become great ivhich deprives the shipowner of nearly all in spite of itself than through any wis- jecuniary interest in the safety of his vessel, dom or arrangement of its own. That it and, as a consequence, in the safety of his is rather like the huge mount of sand that :rew; and which has, undoubtedly, as we

—- 78 THE LIFE-BOAT. [Jur,T 1,1857. believe, led indirectly to the destruction of ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW an incalculable amount of property, and to LIFE-BOATS. a fearful aggregate of loss of human life? Who can tell that it would have been left HORNSEA, YORKSHIRE.—A new life-boat, on to the present distinguished navigator, Lieu- Mr. PEAKE'S design, has been placed by the tenant MAURY, of the navy of the. United NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION at Horn- States, to map out the ocean, and to orga- sea, in lieu of an old boat at that place, which nize a system of observation of its currents, was of an unwieldy and inferior construction, its depths, its temperatures, its winds, and and in which the boatmen of the place had the magnetic, barometric, and thermometric no confidence. The new boat is 28 feet long, and rows 6 oars, single banked. She was, changes, denoted on its surface, in connection by the liberality of the General Steam Navi- with storms and other atmospheric pheno- gation Company, taken gratuitously from Lon- mena ? We believe that we are not exag- don to Hull on board one of their steamers. gerating the importance of such a work by The cost of this life-boat was generously supposing that such effects might have been presented to the INSTITUTION by Mrs. A. produced by it. We have great faith in WOOD, of Eltham. She has been named the power of any cause which will set men the B. Wood, at the request of that bene- a-thinking, and which will teach them how volent lady. to turn those thoughts to best account. We believe that, like the rolling ball of snow, it WESTPORT, IRELAND.—A Branch of the must accumulate as it moves on, and that NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has been there is no limit to the magnitude and im- founded at Westport, and a life-boat has portance which it may assume so long as it been recently sent there. A local Committee, is kept a-going. But our saiiors are, pro- composed chiefly of the Harbour Commis- verbially, an unthoughtful race, hence their sioners, has undertaken the management of inertness and the little alteration that has the establishment. The boat will be sta- taken place either in themselves or their tioned on the island of Innis Lyre, in Clew ships during long periods. We will, how- Bay, a central position, where she will ever, hope that the schoolmaster is now be readily available to proceed to the assists afloat, and amongst the helps to him in his ance of all vessels in the vicinity of the port. avocation we hail with gratification the She is 28 ft. long, rowing 10 oars, and was Mercantile Marine Magazine. built by Mr. BEECHING, of Great Yarmouth. Already many valuable papers will be She was conveyed gratuitously from Liver- pool to Westport by Mr. LEVER, proprietor found in its columns which cannot but be of the Liverpool and Westport line of interesting to nautical men in general, and steamers. instructive to a large proportion of them. It is apparently well conducted, and its cost SEATON CAREW, DURHAM.—A new life- (sixpence each monthly part) is such as to boat has been stationed by the NATIONAL place it within the reach of every one. LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION at Seaton Carew, at It only needs the continuous support of the mouth of the river Tees, in Jieu of an old the mercantile world, and the contribution boat now worn out. The new boat, which is of the information gathered by the members on Mr. PEAKE'S design, and is 30 ft. long, of our merchant-service in all parts of the rowing 10 oars, double banked, underwent a world, in order to produce all the benefits public trial of some of her principal qualities, which we think it is calculated to do. It in the West Hartlepool Docks, on her arrival has, we believe, already attained a large there, which afforded much satisfaction to a circulation, which we trust will increase, large concourse of persons present on the occa- until it is in the hands of every officer of sion ; and on the following day she was taken our mercantile marine, as also of our ship- out in a heavy surf at Seaton, when she owners, merchants, and others interested in behaved much to the satisfaction of her crew. our mercantile prosperity and renown. She, together with her transporting carriage, JULY 1,1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 79 was conveyed gratuitously to Hartlepool by as far as Exeter by the Great Western and the proprietor of the screw collier Killing- Bristol and Exeter Railway Companies, who worth, on board that vessel. The future have, in several previous instances, extended character of this boat will be regarded with the same liberality to the Institution. great interest, as, being placed in the imme- ARKLOW, IRELAND.—A life-boat station diate neighbourhood of several of the old in connection with the NATIONAL LIFE- class of life-boats, a comparative estimate BOAT INSTITUTION has been founded at may be made of their performances, which Arklow, on the East Coast of Ireland, and will be of much value. a life-boat on Mr. PEAKE'S design, 30 feet The cost of this life-boat and her stores long, and rowing 10 oars, double banked, (180?.) was the munificent gift to the has been placed there by the Institution. INSTITUTION of WILLIAM M°KEREELL, A boat-house has been built from funds Esq., of Bath. She has been named the chiefly contributed in the neighbourhood, Charlotte, at the request of that gentleman, and the station will be at once furnished that being the Christian name of Mrs. with a transporting carriage, and be com- M°KERRELL. pleted in every respect. The life-boat station at Seaton had been Her services will be chiefly required to one of the stations of the Tees Bay Life- vessels wrecked on the Blackwater and Boat Association, but that association having Arklow banks. She is the first of a series broken up by the separation of Hartlepool, of life-boats now building for the INSTITU- which port preferred to support its own life- TION to meet the wants of the East Coast of boats ; and the inhabitants of Stockton and Ireland. She was conveyed gratuitously to its neighbourhood thinking it enough to Dublin by one of the steamers of the British support the life-boats on the Yorkshire and Irish Steam Packet Company, which side at the entrance to the Tees, discarded Company has, on several previous occasions, the Seaton Carew Station altogether; the most liberally conveyed the Society's life- Local Committee at that place, therefore, boats free of all charge. requested to join the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, which request was complied with, and their establishment now forms A UNIVERSAL CODE OF INSTRUC- one of its branches. TIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE MORTAR AND ROCKET PENMON, ANGLESEA.—A new life-boat LIFE APPARATUS. on Mr. PEAKE'S design, 28 feet long, and DURING the last few years the Committee of rowing 6 oars, single banked, has been sta- the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION have tioned by the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTI- had many opportunities for observing the TUTION at Penroon, instead of their former great need that existed for the adoption of a old boat which was not approved of. She was conveyed gratuitously to her station by uniform system of management of the mortar the London and North-Western and the and rocket apparatus, and for the distribu- Chester and Holyhead Railway Companies. tion of instructions concerning the same on board all merchant vessels, so that their BRAUNTON, NORTH DEVON.—A new life- crews might never be ignorant of the proper boat on Mr. PEAKE'S design, 28 feet long, steps to be taken to insure their own safety and rowing 6 oars, single banked, has been after communication by line had been effected placed by the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT IN- by the mortar and rocket apparatus with the STITUTION at Braunton in lieu of an old shore. The Committee have likewise, from boat, worn out. She will be under the time to time, received communications from management of the Committee of the Bide- persons residing on the coasts, pointing out ford Branch of the Institution, and is similar the necessity that existed for some such in all respects to the boat recently placed at provision. Appledore on the opposite side of Bideford In former Numbers of this Journal we harbour. She was conveyed gratuitously have recorded instances of the want of 80 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1857.

knowledge of the apparatus by merchant such a work, no false economy is to inter- seamen leading to fatal results.—In one in- vene, but that efficiency alone is to be con- stance the extreme case of five men, passing sidered. Certainly in no move legitimate the rocket line- around them, and then all way can that fund, collected from shipping, leaping overboard together to be drawn on the Mercantile Marine Fund, be expended. shore through the waves en masse, on which The Board of Trade have also recently occasion only one of that number reached had drawn up and printed a code of rules the land alive.—In a second instance, that to be observed in the management of the so late as the winter of 1855 eleven men rocket and mortar apparatus on the coasts of perished, after a communication by line had the United Kingdom. It is divided into been effected with a wreck, through one of two parts; the first for the guidance of the the crew making the line fast round his coast-guard or others in charge of the ap- wrist, and jumping overboard with it, when paratus, to which is added a list of the gear no second communication could be effected. to be employed with the apparatus; the Later still, in January of the present year, second for that of the masters and crews of on a rocket line being thrown over a schooner stranded vessels. These instructions appear wrecked in Ballycotton Bay, Ireland, a lad to us to be everything that can be desired; was at once secured to the end of the line, and they will be found not to differ in and a frail log line was employed to veer him any material point from those published in to the shore. The log line, of course, broke this Journal, above referred to. It is in- before he was 20 yards from the vessel, when tended, we believe, to have a copy of the he was drawn ashore in a half-drowned con- same, or of such portion of them as applies dition by the rocket line; but the commu- to the masters and crews of ships, printed nication was thus cut off from the wreck, .in the log-book of every ship, so that no and no second line could be thrown over it. master or merchant-seaman may be ignorant Fortunately the vessel held together until of them. We are also given to understand the tide had fallen sufficiently to get her that the Board will cause the same to be crew out by other means, or they would printed in various languages, and transmitted inevitably have perished, as she went to to foreign countries for the benefit of their pieces on the following tide. respective merchant services. We subjoin With a view to aid, to the extent of our a copy of these instructions, together with ability, in preventing such catastrophes, we two illustrations which accompany them, published, in the 9th Number of this Journal and which have been kindly given us by (July, 1853), a system of management of the Board of Trade. th« apparatus, and of signals to be used in connection with it, which appeared to us Saving Life from Shipwreck ly Mortar suitable for general adoption; but we then and Socket Apparatus. stated our belief "that no perfect or uniform 171. The following parts of the apparatus for system would be effected until some super- saving life from shipwreck, are required to be provided in addition to the projectiles and the vision over the whole, having the weight of means supplied for launching them; namely, authority, should be established." Since (a.) A thin cord, called the "Socket line" one that period the rocket and mortar apparatus end to be attached to, and launched with on the coasts of the United Kingdom have the Shot or Rocket; been transferred to the Board of Trade, (b.) A "Ifau.'eer" of 3 inch or 3J inch Manilla rope from 40 to 120 fathoms, according to who, we rejoice to know, have determined the steepness or flatness of the shore; to make it as complete as possible in every (c.) A "Whip" of Manilla line about lj inch, respect, and to increase the number of sta- rove through a single Tailed Block. The ""Whip" to be twice as long as the tions wherever necessary. As the apparatus Hawser, and the Tail of the Block to be was previously in a very incomplete state at at least 2 fathoms in length. The ends the majority of stations, a very large expense of the "Whip" to be spliced together, and so converted into an endless rope; will be necessarily incurred in perfecting it. (rf.) A " Sling" float, basket, cot, or some such We are glad, however, to know that, in contrivance, in which to place the person A Shot, with a Line attached, thrown over a Stranded Ship. A Man being hauled ashore in a " Sling " travelling on a Hawser. JULY 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 81

to be rescued, and haul him ashore. The word " sling." as used in these Instruc- Directions for Landing the Crew of a tions, is intended to include all con- Wrecked Vessel. trivances of this nature; (e.) A." Traveller," inverted block, leaden horse- 175. It is unnecessary to describe the manner in shoe collar, or some other contrivance, to which the rocket or mortar is to be arranged for be attached to the " Slay," and carry it firing, as perfection in that particular can only be along the Hawser ; attained by practice; but when the line has been (/.) A "Double Block tackle purchase" for set- thrown over the " wreck," and has been grappled ting taut the hawser; by the crew, a signal will be made in the following (y.) An " Anchor" with one fluke, to be buried manner. If in the day-time one of the crew, for in the earth, sand, or shingle, to which this purpose separated from the rest, will wave his to set up the hawser by means of the hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or (if tackle purchase. Or in some places at night) a rocket, a blue light, or a gun will be where the shore is composed of soft fired, or a light will be shown over the ship's gun- shingle or sand, and where an anchor will wale for a short time, and will then again be con- not hold, a stout plank 5 or 6 feet long, cealed. with a fathom of chain of sufficient 176. On this signal being seen on shore, the strength fastened round it amidships, inshore end of the shot or rocket line should be may be substituted for the anchor. This made fast to the whip, being bent round both parts plank being buried 3 or 4 feet beneath of it at about two fathoms from the tailed block, the ground, and the end of the chain, with and a signal should then be made as follows for a ring attached, led to the surface, the those on the wreck to haul off the line. hawser may be set up to it by the tackle 177. One of the men on shore is to be separated purchase in the same manner as to an from the rest, and in the day-time is to wave a anchor; small red flag, or at night is to show a red light for (A.) A "Bed fay" 2 feet by 3 feet, fixed at about a minute, and then again conceal it. the end of a staff 5 feet long -, and a 178. The crew of the wreck, on seeing this " Lanthorn" with a pane of red glass fixed signal, will haul on the shot or rocket line till in it: to be used as signals in the manner they get the whip and tailed block, when they directed in paragraph 177, below; will make the tail of the block fast to some secure (t.) Two or three spades or shovels, a hand-barrow, part of the vessel, and will cast off the rocket a Salvagee strop, a few pieces of extra rope, line, and make the signal as before for those on to be used as occasion may require: 3 oars shore to haul off the hawser. or small spars are likewise often of service 179. As soon as this signal is perceived by those where the shore is flat, to be used as a on shore, the whip (being previously made fast to triangle over which to pass the hawser, the hawser at 2 or 3 fathoms from its end) will be and thereby raise it higher above the manned, and the hawser hauled off by it to the surface of the water. wreck by those on shore. 180. As soon as the persons on the wreck get 172. In the absence of the Receiver of Wreck, hold of the hawser, they will proceed to make it or at places in which the Receiver of Wreck was fast to the wreck at about 18 inches above the not appointed under the provisions of the Mer- place where the tail of the block is fixed; and chant Shipping Act, the Inspecting Commander of when they have secured it, and disconnected the the Coast Guard, or the principal officer of the hawser from the whip, they will signal as before Customs or of the Coast Guard who is present, is to the people on shore. to exercise the powers given him by the 441st to 181. On perceiving this signal, the hawser is to 447th sections of the Act, and is to take command be set up by means of the double-block tackle of all persons assembled and assign to each such purchase, and the sling (the traveller of which will work as he may consider necessary for establish- have been adjusted on the hawser) is to have the ing a communication with the wrecked ship, and whip secured to it, and, by means of the whip, is hauling the people ashore speedily. Should any to be hauled off to the wreck by those stationed persons refuse to do the work allotted, they are for the purpose on the shore; who also, on the next liable to a penalty of 501. under the 441st section signal being shown, implying that a person is of the Act. secured in the sling, will haul him ashore, and re- 173. When a Receiver of Wreck is present, peat the same operation to and fro until all are whose appointment was made since the passing of landed. the Merchant-shipping Act, he is to take com- 182. Circumstances may require some deviation mand of all persons assembled at a wreck; but the from the above rules. For instance, if the wrecked management of the mortar and rocket apparatus vessel be subjected to violent motion by the beat should be left in the hands of the Coast Guard. of the sea, it will be better not to set up the hawser 174. Receivers of Wreck and officers of the Cus- at all, but to man it with as many hands as can be toms and Coast Guard are to bear in mind that spared, and reeve it over a triangle, when by they have no power to interfere between the hauling and veering on it, following the motion master of a ship and his crew in matters relating of the vessel, a sufficiently uniform strain on it to the management of the ship unless requested to would be obtained without the risk of carrying it do so by the master. away. 82 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1857.

183. Again, circumstances might arise, as they taut, and by means of the whip-line will haul off have sometimes done, when the immediate break- to the ship a sling, cot, or \ife-\moy, into -which ing up of the wreck might be imminent, and the the person to be hauled ashore is to get and be delay in getting the hawser on board be of serious made fast. When he is in and secure, one of the moment. In such a case, if the apparatus is pro- crew must be separated from the rest and again vided with a floating-sling buoy, it should be signal to the shore as directed in Article 1 above. hauled off by the whip alone, and the wrecked The people on shore will then haul the person in persons brought ashore in it floating in the water. the sling to the shore, and when he has lauded,will The hawser should, however, be always used in pre- haul back the empty sling to the ship for others. ference when practicable. This operation will be repeated until all persons 184. As much of the success in the use of the are hauled ashore from the shipwrecked vessel. apparatus depends upon the promptness with 8. It may sometimes happen that the state of which it is brought into action, the inspecting the weather and the condition of the ship will not commanders and chief officers of the Coast Guard admit of a hawser being set up, in which case a should make themselves thoroughly acquainted sling or life-buoy will be hauled off instead, and with the use and application of all its parts, and the persons to be rescued will be hauled through should take care that this is also understood by the surf instead of along the hawser. the officers and men under their command. Masters and crews of shipwrecked vessels should 185. The inspecting commanders themselves bear in mind that the success in landing them should superintend the periodical or occasional may, in a great measure, depend upon their cool- exercise of the officers and crews of stations under ness and attention to the rules here laid dawn^ their command in the management of the rocket and that by attending to them many lives are an- and mortar apparatus. nually saved by the mortar and rocket apparatus They will necessarily also see the advantage of on the coasts of the United Kingdom. dividing and stationing the men on all occasions The system of signaling must be strictly ad- in such a manner as to secure the utmost order hered to; and all women, children, passengers, and promptness in the whole proceeding. and helpless persons should be landed before the crew of the ship. The illustrations will help to explain the manner Directions to Masters and Crews of Ships. in which the mortar and rocket lines are used. In the event of your vessel stranding on the T. H. PARKER, Assistant Secretary, coast of the United Kingdom, and the lives of Marine Department. the crew being placed in danger, assistance will, Board of Trade, 28th February, 1857. if possible, be rendered from the shore in the following manner, namely,— Thus all that we have, for some years 1. A rocket or shot, with a thin line attached, past, advocated on this subject has now at will be fired across your vessel. Get hold of this length been carried out—an improved and line as soon as yon can; and when you have secured it, let one of the crew be separated from more complete apparatus—a uniform rule of the rest, and, if in the daytime, wave his hat or management, both on shore and on shipboard his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or if at night, —a recognized head and authority—and a let a rocket, a blue-light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be displayed over the side of the ship, and diffusion of the rules of management on be again concealed, as a signal to those on shore. board all merchant-ships. We congratulate 2. When you see one of the men on shore sepa- the President and the Marine Department rated from the rest, wave a red flag, or (if at night) show a red light and then conceal it, you of the Board of Trade on so great a step in are to haul upon the rocket line until you get a advance towards the fulfilment of the na- tailed block with an endless fall rove through it. tural duty to afford relief to shipwrecked 3. Make the tail of the block fast to the mast persons on our coasts, and we prognosticate about 15 feet above the deck, or, if your masts are gone, to the highest secure part of the vessel; and the happiest results as a consequence. when the tail-block is made fast, let one of the crew, separated from the rest, make the signal re- quired by Article 1 above. 4. As soon as the signal is seen on shore, a hawser DRAWINGS OF THE LIFE-BOATS will be bent on the whip-line, and will be hauled AND LIFE-BOAT CARRIAGES off to the ship by those on shore. 5. When the hawser is got on board, the crew ADOPTED BY THE ROYAL NA- should at once make it fast to the same part of the TIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. ship as the tailed block is made fast to, only about 18 inches higher, taking care that there are no FIVE years' experience by the NATIONAL turns of the whip-line round the hawser. LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION of the new class of 6. When the hawser has been made fast on life-boats, designed by JAMES PEAKE, Esq., board, the signal directed by Article 1 above is to be repeated. of Her Majesty's Dock-yard, Woolwich, and 7. The men on shore will then pull the hawser elicited by the prize of 100 guineas given JULY 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 83 by His Grace the Duke of NORTHUMBER- Read letter from the Rev. WILLIAM LAND in 1851,* has now fully established YATE, of Dover, of the 31st Dec., stating their superior qualities, and justifies that that the Local Committee had recommended Institution in recommending them wherever the replacing of the Dover life-boat and the life-boats are required. building of a house for her.—Decided that At a recent meeting of the Committee it the application be postponed until the result was accordingly determined to have litho- of an appeal to the inhabitants of Dover on graphed drawings prepared of one of these behalf of the undertaking was known. boats of ordinary dimensions, and also of Resolved — That Messrs. FOIIRESTT be those descriptions of life-boat carriages con- intrusted to build a life-boat 28 feet long sidered most useful in varying localities; for Penmon, Anglesey. and that copies of the same should be for- Read letter from the Shipwrecked Fisher- warded to foreign governments, the British men and Mariners' Royal Benevolent So- colonies and foreign possessions, and to ciety, transmitting a draft for 100Z. in aid other parties who might desire to provide of the funds of this Institution.—To be life-boats on the coasts of this or any other thanked. country. Read letter from Mr. A. G. DILLON, of A Sub-committee has been nominated to Dublin Castle, of the 27th Dec., transmit- carry out the same, and the drawings having ting a diagram of a gun and an arrow of been lithographed under their superintend- his invention for effecting communication ence, are now in readiness for distribution. with stranded vessels in situations where His Grace the Duke of NORTHUMBER- the ordinary life-preserving apparatus could LAND has generously expressed a desire to not be made available.—To be acknowledged. defray the cost of these drawings, and they Resolved—That a life-boat house, at the will be circulated, under the superintendence estimated cost of 100Z., be built at Youghal, of the Committee of the Institution, solely for the reception of the life-boat now build- at his Grace's expense. ing by the Institution for that station. Voted the thanks of the Committee to Mr. RICHARD WHITE, chief officer of Coast- MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE. guard at Filey, in acknowledgment of his services during many years past in saving Thursday, Jan. 1, 1857. THOMAS CHAP- life from shipwrecks, by going ofi' in boats, MAN, Esq., V.P., F.R.S., in the Chair. and by means of the mortar and rocket Read and confirmed the Minutes of the apparatus. previous Meeting, and those of the Finance, Also a reward of 21. 10s. to five men Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward who had put off in a boat with the intention Sub-Committees. of rendering assistance to the crew of the Read Copy of a Memorial from the New- French fishing smack Jsmerie, which had,' biggin fishermen, expressive of their grati- during a gale of wind, sunk off Rye on the tude to His Grace the President for the life- 13th Dec. last. The tide having rapidly boat which he had stationed there five years ebbed, the crew were afterwards enabled to ago, and which had, on a recent occasion, walk ashore. been the means of assisting to bring eighteen Also 41. to four men who had put off in a cobles and their crews in safety into port. shore boat and rescued the crew of six men Read the Inspector of Life Boat's Report of the schooner Ellen, of Cardigan, which of his recent visit to some of the life-boat was wrecked during a S.W. gale of wind stations on the coasts of Sussex and Kent.— in Ballycotton Bay. The NATIONAL LIFE- Authorised various alterations to be made in BOAT INSTITUTION has decided to station a the Eastbourne and Newhaven life-boats. life-boat in this dangerous locality at the earliest opportunity. * Mr. PEAKE did not compete for the prize, but after an examination of all the competing designs, Also a reward of 12/. to the crew of furnished that of his present boat. twelve men of the Portmadoc life-boat, who THE LIFE-BOAT. [J0LY 1, 1857. had proceeded on the night of the 17th Jan., Resolved—That the Seaton Carew life- 1856, to the assistance of the brig Bonne boat establishment be brought into connec- Marie, of "Nantes, which they succeeded in tion with the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTI- bringing in safety into harbour. The owners TUTION, and that the present life-boat be of the vessel had declined to make these ! replaced by a new 30 feet life-boat on Mr. men any compensation for their valuable I PEAKE'S plan. services. Read letter from Captain ROBERTSON, Also 151. 10s. to the crew .of the Rhyl R.N., Surveyor-General to the Board of tubular life-boat, for putting off on the night Trade, forwarding a map of the lighthouses of the 30th Dec., with the view of rendering of the British Isles, and stating that the assistance to the barque Mary Ann, of Liver- number of wrecks during the gale at the pool, which had a signal of distress flying. beginning of last month was about 340, The captain of the ship, however, refused and that the number of lives lost v,-as 186; the aid of the life-boat, stating that he could but that the number of lives saved, chiefly save the crew in his own boats. During the by life-boats and the mortar and rocket night the vessel foundered, and early the apparatus, was about 662.—To be thanked. next morning her boat was observed to be Sanctioned the issuing of the following drifting with the current when the life-boat circular letter to the life-boat Committees, in again put off and rescued the three men who connection with the Institution, consequent were in her. on the loss of the Point of Ayr life-boat. Also 51. 10s. to the crew of the same life-boat for putting off to the rescue of the " To the Hon. Secretaries of Local Life-Boat crew of four men of the schooner Tem- Committees. perance, of Belfast, which, during a N.E. " Lest any of the crews of the life-boats in gale of wind and a very heavy surf, was connection with the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT wrecked in Abergele Bay on the 45i Jan. INSTITUTION should take alarm at the melan- last. choly accident which recently occurred to the Point of Ayr life-boat, the Central Com- Thursday, Feb. 5,1857. THOMAS CHAP- mittee of the Institution think it right to MAN, Esq., V.P., F.R.S., in the Chair. acquaint them at once with the following Bead and confirmed the Minutes of the facts:— previous Meeting, and those of the Finance, " 1. That none of the life-boats of the Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward Institution are on the same plan as Sub-Committees. that at the Point of Ayr, that boat Elected the Bishop of LONDON Vice being unprovided with ballast and. President of the Institution. having no self-righting power, and Elected Captain SULIVAN, R.N., C.B., and differing from the boats of the In- Commander R. ROBERTSON, R.N., Members stitution in other important respects. of the Committee of Management. " 2. That the crew of that life-boat were C Read letters from WILLIAM M KERRELL, not provided with life-belts, which, Esq., of Bath, offering to contribute 1801. had they been so, might have proved to the Institution for the purchase of a first- instrumental to saving some, if not class life-boat, and life-belts for her crew. all, of their lives. C Resolved—That Mr. M KEREELL'S mu- " 3. The boat was under sail at the time, nificent offer be accepted. and (as the Committee are informed) Read letter from the Rev. JOHN LAWSON, that the sheets of the sails were of Seaton Carew, of the 28th Jan., express- found to be made fast when she ing a desire to bring the life-boat of that was subsequently picked up. station into connection with this Institution. The life-boat was thirty years old, and would " Since to the two latter circumstances may require a thorough overhauling to make her the loss of life on this occasion be chiefly efficient. attributed, the Committee request the local JULY 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 85

Committees to inform their several coxswains the South-Eastern Railway and Commo- that they will be held responsible for every dore EDES, Comptroller-General of the Coast- man who goes into the life-boat on service guard, be thanked. without having on a life-belt. And that, Read letter from the North of Europe in those boats in which it is indispensable Steam Navigation Company, requesting in- to carry sail, they are on no account to suffer formation respecting a plan of life-boat car- the sheets to be made fast, but to appoint a riage for the Dunkirk life-boat, which was trustworthy man to attend each sheet, keep- being built by Messrs. BEECHI55G & Boss, of ing it in his hand. Great Yarmouth.—Decided that the infor- " On its being ascertained that the cox- mation required be furnished. swain has neglected his duty in either of these Reported the harbour trial of the Chilian respects, on the first occasion of his doing life-boat, which Her Majesty's Government so, he will be considered to have forfeited was about to present to the Republic of that his pay for the current quarter; and on a country. The trial was in every respect satis- second occasion, will be liable to dismissal. factory. The boat was on Mr. PEAKE'S plan, " The coxswains are likewise to be informed and had been built by the Messrs. FORRESTT. that they are never to use their sails unless Read letter from Captain'ELLIS, E.N., of the distance to the scene of wreck is too Southwold, stating that the Local Com- great to be reached by rowing, and that, as mittee at that place had resolved to present a general rule, when running for the land to this Institution their life-boat built by before a heavy sea, they will, invariably, if Messrs. BEECHING, in 1852. He also stated practicable, take in their sails before going that he had decided to resign his appoint- into the broken water." ment of Honorary Secretary to that Branch. « Read letter from Mr. J. SMITH, of York 1.—Resolved, That the life-boat be ac- Parade, Hull, relative to his plan of life-boat. cepted with thanks, and that she be brought •—To be acknowledged. to London, to be altered to Mr. PEAKE'S Read letter from Mr. J. BROCK, of Red- plan. ruth, late chief officer of Coast-guard, calling 2.—That the thanks of the Committee be attention to the advantages of KISBEE'S float, presented to Captain F. W. ELLIS, R.N., in to be used in conjunction with the mortar acknowledgment of his valuable services to and rocket apparatus in saving life from the life-boat cause, particularly as Chair- wrecks.—To be acknowledged, and ordered man and Hon. Secretary of the Southwold Mr. BROCK'S communication to be forwarded Branch of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT to the Board of Trade. INSTITUTION. Read letter from Captain E. A. INGLE- FIELD, R.N., calling attention to his plan of Read letter from Lieut. AOASSIZ, R.N., anchor for life-boats.— Instructed the in- of Exmouth, stating the necessity of a life- spector to test the same on the coast. boat at that place.—Ordered, the usual Read letters from Captain MARTIN, call- queries and life-boat papers to be forwarded ing attention to the services of the Ramsgate to that officer. Trust life-boat and steamer during the heavy Read letter from Mr. W. UNDERBILL, of gales on the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 13th Jan., Danse, of the 12th January, calling attention to vessels in distress on or near the Godwin to his buoyant life-belt cushion.—To be ac- Sands.—To be thanked. knowledged. Reported the transmission of the Dunge- Resolved—That a house be erected at a ness life-boat to her station, and that she cost of 86Z. for the life-boat stationed at East- had been conveyed free of cost by tlie South- bourne, and that the Hon. Mrs. GILBERT be Eastern Railway Company to Dover, and thanked for the site of ground on which the thence towed to her station by a Revenue same was to be erected. Cruiser, through the courtesy of Commodore Read letter from Mr. A. HENDERSON, of EDEN, R.N.—Decided that the Directors of Cambridge-street, Hyde Park, calling atten- 86 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1857. tion to his plan of ship's life-boat.—To be life-boat succeeded in bringing the flat and acknowledged. her crew of 4 men in safety into harbour. Paid 282?. 5s. 3d. for sundry charges on The crew of the life-boat received 201. as life-boats, life-boat carriages, and life-boat salvage for their services. houses. The Filey life-boat put off, during a gale Also 931. 8s. 5d. for the Rye life-boat of wind, to the rescue of the crew of 9 house, and 647?. lls. 4d. to Messrs. FOR- men of the brig Ratdiff, of Whitby, which KESTT for building various life-boats. came on shore near Filey, on the 4th Jan. Voted the silver medal to ROBERT SHIEI> The owners of the vessel paid the life-boat's DON, coxswain, for going off in the Redcar crew for their services. life-boat on the 5th January, and on many Also the second service clasp to Captain previous occasions, to save life from ship- JOACHIM, R.N., in acknowledgment of his wreck. gallant services in putting off with 19 men, Also 51. 12*. to the crew of the Tenby in the Lowestoft life-boat, to the rescue of the life-boat, which had put off during a gale master and crew of 7 men of the brig Ten- of wind with the intention to render assist- nant, of Stockton, which, during a N.E. ance to a vessel which had a signaf of dis- gale, was driven on the Newcome Sands, on tress flying, off' Caldy Island. the 5th January last. The vessel, which Also 121. to the crew of the Hauxley life- was timber laden, was afterwards got off, boat, for saving the crew of 11 men of the and towed into Lowestoft harbour. The brig Sophie, of Oporto, and 5 men of the crew of the life-boat received salvage for schooner Geargina, of Inverness, which were this service. wrecked near that station during a severe Also the silver medal to Lieutenant gale of wind on the 4th January last. Also THOMAS YOUNG, R.N., Chief officer of the the silver medal to Captain THOMAS HIPPLE- Coast-guard at Atherfield, in acknowledg- WHITE, the harbour-master of Warkworth, ment of his gallant services and skilful sea- for going off in the boat on both occasions. manship in saving, with his boat's crew, the Also the thanks of the Committee to Mr. brig Bed Port, of London, and her crew, on THOMAS LEIGHTON, for having gone-offin the the 4th January last; he had also, on pre- boat on the last occasion. The boat was vious occasions, rendered valuable services reported to have behaved exceedingly well. in saving life from shipwreck. Also 51. 10*. to the crew of the Scar- The thanks of the Committee were also borough life-boat, which is on Mr. PEAKE'S voted to FREDERICK HARRIS, Esq., chief plan, for putting off in her on three dif- officer of the Kessingland Coast-guard Sta- ferent occasions, and rescuing the crews, tion and his crew, for assisting to rescue, consisting of 23 men, of the brig Thomp- with the mortar and rocket apparatus, the sons, of Whitby, the brig Northumberland, crew of the schooner Agnes Jermyn, of of Whitby, the brig Wilsons, of Shields, Exeter, which was wrecked near Kessing- which were wrecked during a heavy gale off land, Suffolk, on the 5th January last. Scarborough, on Sunday, the 4th January Also the silver medal to Mr. HENRY last. The crews of the life-boat had like- WYRILL, for putting off' with 5 others in wise received 16Z. 10*. from the owners his boat, and rescuing the crew of 5 men of of the vessels for their valuable services. the brigantine Elizabeth, of Sunderland, The silver medal of the Institution was which was wrecked off Scarborough, on the also voted to THOMAS CLAYBUBN, who had 14th of November last The 5 men had been coxswain of the Scarborough old life- received a reward from a local subscription boat for forty years, and had gone fre- for their services. quently off in her to save life. Also 11. to ROBERT JENKINSON, fisher- The Lytham life-boat had put off to the man, for wading into the surf, at consider- assistance of the flat Turner, of Preston, able risk of life, to effect a communication which, during a N.W. gale, had gone on between the shore and the schooner Wil- the Horse Bank, on the 4th January. The liam IV., which was wrecked, during a gate Jutr 1, 1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. of wind, off Filey, on the 4th January- Produced a copy of the Wreck Register last, by which means her crew of 3 men for 1856. It appeared that during the year were saved. 1,153 wrecks had taken place on the coast Also 6/. to JOSEPH READ, commissioned of the British isles, and that 521 lives had Coast-guard boatman; JOHN MCCARTHY, been lost therefrom. The number of lives fisherman, and 9 other fishermen, for rescu- saved by life-boats, shore boats, and other ing 15 men from the barque Edward, of means during the year was 2,243. North Shields, which, during a heavy gale Voted a life-belt to Mr. JOSEPH HODGSOIT, of wind, was wrecked in Dunworly Bay, on of Sunderland, in acknowledgment of his the coast of Cork, on the 9th December last. continued gallant services in saving life on Also 21. to 4 men, for putting off in a occasions of shipwreck. • boat and rescuing 3 men, who had been Read letter from Captain BECHER, R.N., capsized from their boat during heavy F.R.S., of the 21st February, stating that squalls, near Portaferry, on the coast of a page or two of the Nautical Magazine Down, on the 22nd December last. would be always at the service of this Insti- Also a reward of 13/. to the crew of the tution to promote its important objects.— Walmer life-boat, for going off in her on the To be thanked. night of January 5th, and rescuing the crew Also from the editor of the Mercantile of 13 men and 2 boatmen of the barque Marine Magazine, forwarding a complete Reliance, of London, which, during a N.E. set of that periodical to the Institution^ and gale of wind and thick snow-squalls, went to stating that a copy of the magazine would pieces opposite Walmer Castle. The life- be sent every month to the Society, and boat, the cost of which was liberally pre- that notices of its proceedings would be sented to the Institution by some members of inserted in it and occasional advertisements. the Royal Thames Yacht Club, was reported —To be thanked. to have behaved exceedingly well on the oc- Read letter from Mr. W. WILLIAMS, casion. master of the steamer Windsor, belonging to Also a reward of 9£. 10*. to the crew of the City of Dublin Steam-packet Company, the Lowestoft life-boat, for putting off in calling attention to his plan of life-boat.— her with the view of rendering assistance to To be acknowledged. the crew of the brig Darlington, of Shields. Produced a printed circular issued by the On reaching the distressed vessel, however, Board of Trade to the Coast-guard, respect- she was found to have been driven high ing the re-organization and completion of enough on the beach for her crew to have the mortar and rocket apparatus on the been rescued by other means. coast. Read letter from Lieutenant SIMMONS, Thursday, March 5, 1857. THOMAS R.N., of the 24th February, stating that the CHAPMAN, Esq., V.P., F.R.S., in the Southwold life-boat, manned by 13 men, Chair. had saved the brig Pensker and her crew Read and confirmed the Minutes of the on the 9th idem. When the life-boat ap- previous Meeting, and those of the Finance, proached the brig she was found in a sink- Correspondence, and Wreck and Reward ing state, with seven feet of water in her Sub-Committees. hold. The life-boat's crew, however, per- Read letter from the Secretary to the severed at the pumps, and succeeded in Royal Thames Yacht Club of the 5th Fe- bringing her ultimately to Lowestoft har- bruary, stating that the Club had voted an bour. additional donation of 101. to the Institu- Paid 111. 8*. for sundry charges on life- tion, and expressing the gratification of the boats, life-boat carriages, and life-boat Club to learn that the Walmer life-boat, the houses. voluntary gift of some members of the Also 1531. 15*. 6rf. for the Appledore Club to the Society, had saved 15 persons and llornsea life-boat carriages. from the barque Reliance, of London. Voted the silver medal and 21. each to 88 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JtjLT 1, 1857.

WILLIAM PILLAR, gunner, of Her Ma- The following resolutions were afterwards jesty's Revenue cruiser Eagle; WILLIAM moved and unanimously carried-:— COCKEOM, steward of ditto; GEOEQE Moved by Rear-Admiral the Earl TALBOT, HUGHES, pilot; HENRY BONGOURU, pilot; C.B., and seconded by MONTAGUE GORE, and thanks, on vellum, severally, to Lieut. Esq.,— WILLIAM T. STANDBRIDGE, R.N, Com- mander of the Eagle; Mr. GEORGE SCOTT, 1. That the Report now read be adopted master of the steam-tug Watt, and to Mr. and circulated. WILLIAM BRACHE, - master of the pilot- Moved by Captain JOHN SHEPHERD, H.C.S., cutter Blonde, and 161. to 8 other men, in Deputy-Master of the Trinity House, and acknowledgment of their valuable services seconded by WILLIAM COTTON, Esq., in rescuing six of the barque Boadicea, of F.R.S., late Governor of the Bank of Shields, which was wrecked off Guernsey, England,— during a heavy gale of wind, on the oth 2. That this Meeting has heard', with January last. peculiar satisfaction, of the success which Also 101. to 5- seamen, for putting off in has attended the humane operations of the a boat through a heavy sea, and at the risk NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION during of their lives rescuing 2 men^ who had the past year, and the gratifying fact, that in been upset from their fishing-boat during a the same period, 2,243 persons were rescued gale of wind near Irvine, on the 19th De- by life-boats, shore boats, and other means, cember last. from shipwrecks, on the shores and in the Also 21. 10s. to 5 men who had put off seas of the British Isles—facts which should with the intention of rendering assistance call forth the acknowledgments of the com- to a vessel in distress off Great Onnes Head munity at large, as showing most satisfac- Telegraph Station, on the 30th Dec. last. torily what can be accomplished in this Also 21. to 4 Coast-guard boatmen at good work by sustained and well-directed Scarborough, for rescuing amidst consider- efforts. able difficulty, by means of the mortar and That this Meeting does therefore pledge rocket apparatus, 9 out of 12 of the crew of itself to use its best exertions to maintain the bapjue Samuel Cunard, which was and extend the operations of the NATIONAL stranded near that place on the 5th January. LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, whose claims ur- Also III. to the crew of the Kessingland gently appeal to every one for support. life-boat, for their services in rescuing the crew, consisting of 4 men, of the schooner Moved by J. D. POWLES, Esq., and seconded Friends of Eliza, of Hartlepool, which by Captain WASHINGTON, R.N., F.R.S., was wrecked near Kessingland Coast-guard Hydrographer of the Admiralty,— Station on the night of the 21st January 3. That the thanks of this Meeting be last. given to the President of the Board of Trade, and to the Marine Department of Thursday, 19th March, 1857.—The An- that Board, for the important and cordial nual General Meeting of the friends and aid afforded by the Board to the NATIONAL supporters of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE- LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. Also to the Comp- BOAT INSTITUTION was held this day at the troller-General, the Deputy-Comptroller- LondonTavern, Bishopsgate-street, His Grace General, and the Officers and men of Her the Duke of NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G., Pre- Majesty's Coast-guard service, for their con- sident of the Society, in the Chair. ;inued valuable assistance to the Society. His Grace the Chairman having opened Moved by Admiral Sir THOMAS COCHRANE, the Meeting with some remarks, K.C.B., and seconded by Captain RAVEN, The Secretary read the Annual Report of R.N.,— the Committee. The Auditor also read the 4. That this Meeting tenders its cordial Financial Statement of the Society. thanks to THOMAS BARING, Esq., M.P., the JULY 1,1857,] THE LIFE-BOAT. 89

Chairman, to THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., life-boat was immediately launched, and pro- F.R.S., the Deputy-Chairman, and to the ceeded to the rescue of the crew, 9 in num- other Members of the Committee of Manage- ber, whom she safely brought to the land. ment, for the care and attention with which The sea was reported to have been heavier they have administered the important affairs than on any previous occasion on which the of the Institution. life-boat had been afloat. She behaved very Also to the honorary Local Committees of well. the several Branches of the Institution for HAUXLEY.—On the 4th January, 1857, their zealous co-operation with the Central the brig Sophie, of Oporto, was driven on Committee in promoting the efficiency of the shore in a heavy easterly gale between three Life-Boat establishments intrusted to their and four miles south of Hauxley Point, on superintendence and management. the Northumberland coast. The Hauxley This resolution was responded to on be- life-boat belonging to the NATIONAL LIFE- half of the Committee by THOMAS CHAPMAN, BOAT INSTITUTION was immediately drawn Esq., Deputy-Chairman, and Chairman for by horses to the spot abreast of where the Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign vessel was on shore; and, manned by the Shipping Society. Hauxley fishermen, she was launched Moved by THOMAS BARING, Esq., M.P., through a very heavy surf, and quickly and seconded by Captain GEORGE A. reached the vessel, over which the sea was HALSTKD, R.N., Secretary to Lloyd's,— breaking violently, taking out her crew of 5. That the best acknowledgments of this 11 persons, and conveying them in safety Meeting be given to His Grace the DUKE to the land. . OF NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G., for his able On the same afternoon the schooner Geor- conduct in the Chair, and for the kind in- gina ran on shore near Hauxley, when the terest which he continues to take in the life-boat was again launched, and succeeded prosperity of the Institution. in rescuing her crew of 5 persons. The Hauxley life-boat is on Mr. PEAKE'S design. She gave the utmost satisfaction to SERVICES OF LIFE-BOATS. her crew by her behaviour in the very heavy BERWICK-ON-TWEED.—On the 22d March sea which was running at the time. the schooner Heinrkh Gerdes, of Rostock, on Captain HIPPLEWHITE, harbour-master of running for the harbour of Berwick, struck Warkworth, and member of the Hauxley on the bar, and was driven ashore south of Life-boat Committee, went off in the boat on the entrance to the Tweed. It was blowing each occasion. Both the vessels became a heavy gale from east-north-east, and there total wrecks. was a tremendous sea on at the time. The LOWESTOFT.—On the 5th January, the Berwick life-boat was quickly launched, and brig Tennant, of Stockton, ran on shore, in succeeded in taking on board the crew of 5 a severe snow-storm, on the Newcome Sand. men, and in conveying them safely to the She was quickly seen from the shore, and land. There was a violent hail-storm at the the Lowestoft life-boat was immediately time, which made the service the more manned and launched, under the super- severe. One of the vessel's crew was washed intendence of Captain JOACHIM, R.N., who overboard, but was rescued by means of the proceeded in her to the wreck. boat's life-buoy, which was thrown to him. On reaching the spot, the anchor was let This life-boat is on Mr. PEAKE'S design, and go to windward, and the life-boat veered is the property of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT down to the vessel, over which the sea was INSTITUTION. She was reported to have be- breaking heavily. Half the brig's crew haved '* uncommonly well" on the occasion. were soon got into the boat, when, in a FILET.—On the 4th January the brig tremendous squall, her cable parted. A Ratcliff, of Whitby, was driven on shore in strong rope was however secured to the a heavy gale on Filey beach. The Filey brig, and the remainder of her crew were 90 THE L1FB-BOAT. JULY-1,1857. got into the boat. The master having been kingdom, having been built on Mr. W. washed overboard, was nearly drowned. GREATHEAD'S plan in the year 1802. The reputation of this life-boat has been This life-boat is not in connection with long established, and she behaved in her the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, but usual admirable manner on this occasion. belongs to the Tees Bay Life-Boat Associa- tion. The Institution, however, awarded its , NEWBIGGIN, NORTHUMBERLAND.—On the silver medal to the coxwain of the boat, 13th March an open boat was seen in ex- Robert SkuHdan, in testimony of his gallant treme danger a mile to seaward of New- conduct on this and previous occasions. The biggin Point. A south-east gale was blow- crew were locally rewarded. ing at the time, and there was a heavy surf on the beach. The life-boat was quickly RHYL.—On the 4th January, at day- manned, and on reaching the boat, found that light, signals of distress were observed from she was a coble belonging to Berwick-on- three vessels ashore in Abergele Bay, North Tweed, and was proceeding from Hartlepool Wales. The life-boat proceeded as soon as to that place, when she was caught in the possible to the spot and rescued the crew of storm. She was nearly full of water, and 4 men from the schooner Ttmpvra.wx, of the three men who were in her had given Belfast; the crews of the other vessels themselves up for lost. The life-boat took having succeeded hi landing in their own them on board, and conveyed them in safety boats. There was a heavy sea running at to Newbiggin, as also their boat. The life- the time, and the life-boat was reported to boat is on Mr. PEAKE'S plan; she behaved have behaved admirably. This boat is on extremely well on the occasion. the tubular principle, invented by HENRY and HENRY T.- RICHARDSON, Esqrs., of PADSTOW. — On the 14th March the Bala, North Wales. schooner ffaberdine, of Teignmouth, on In proceeding to the aid of the above vessel making Padstow harbour, was driven ashore under sail, the Point of Ayr life-boat, which on the Dunbar Sand. The life-boat was belongs to the Liverpool Dock Trustees, was quickly alongside, and rescued her crew of upset, and drowned her whole crew of 4 men. The vessel became shortly after a 13 men. total wreck. The Padstow life-boat is on Mr. PEAKE'S design, and had been only a SCARBOROUGH.—On the 4th January, at few months on the station, this being her 9 A.M., the brig Thompsons, of Whitby, in endeavouring to get into the harbour at first service: she behaved entirely to the Scarborough, missed the entrance and was satis/action of her crew. driven on shore, the wind blowing a heavy REDCAK.—On the 5th January, the barque gale from the eastward at the time. The Emma, of Shields, was driven on the Red- Scarborough life-boat immediately put off to car rocks, near the River Tees, on the York- her aid, and took off' her crew of 8 persons, shire coast. The Redcar life-boat was at landing them in safety. once manned and proceeded to the rescue of At noon of the same day the brig North- her crew. After getting twice alongside her, umberland, of Whitby, being unable to fetch owing to the breaking of their heaving ropes, the entrance, was driven on shore near the the crew had to return in an exhausted same spot as the last-named vessel. The state, having only rescued the master, life-boat again put off and rescued her crew as the vessel's crew, for some unaccountable of 9 persons. reason, refused to get into the boat. After Immediately after landing the crew of the obtaining some rest and refreshment, the life- Northumberland, the valuable services of boat's crew once more put off and succeeded the life-boat were again called into requisi- in saving the remainder of the vessel's crew tion, the brig Wilsons having, in making for of 8 persons. The life-boat was reported to the harbour, ran on some rocks near the have behaved remarkably well oil the oc- other vessels. The sea was running tre- casion: she is the oldest life-boat in the mendously high at this spot, making clean JULY 1,1857.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 91 breaches over the brig and filling the life- SOUTHWOLD.—On the night of the 9th boat alongside. She nevertheless succeeded February, 1857, signal lights of distress in saving 8 of the crew and a boy, the were observed to seaward from Southwold son of the master. One of the crew, an in Suffolk. The life-boat immediately went apprentice, was unfortunately washed over- off under sail, and found them to proceed board at the moment of getting into the from the brig Pensher, coal laden, which boat by a terrific sea, which broke over the had struck on Sizewell bank, and was then wreck at the time. The same sea threw one in a sinking state, having seven feet water in of the crew of the life-boat over the heads her hold. There was a heavy sea alongside, of the other boatmen and into the sea, but which was sweeping over her decks and did having on a buoyant life-belt, he was readily some damage to the life-boat; the crew of again got into the boat. Not so, however, the latter, however, succeeded in getting on the unfortunate apprentice, who, although he board, and in taking her in safety into fell between the vessel's side and the boat, Lowestoft harbour, the pumps having been sank to rise no more ere he could be grasped kept constantly going. The life-boat, which by the men from the boat. This occurrence, had been but recently supplied by the NA- when two men were thrown overboard by TIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, gave much the same sea and the one protected by a satisfaction to her crew by her behaviour life-belt was saved, whilst the other, with- on this occasion, when she was launched out such support, perished, is so striking an through a heavy surf. instance of the value of life-belts on board a ship that we take the opportunity, on relating THOEPE, SUFFOLK.—Ou the 9th May* it, to once more express the hope that the the life-boat of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT day is not distant when the law will compel INSTITUTION, which is stationed at Thorpe- every vessel sailing out of a British port to ness, was the means of saving the Lives of be furnished with an efficient life-belt for 3 fishermen, who had been caught in a each of her crew. gale near Sizewell Bank, and were in great The Scarborough life-boat is on Mr. danger. Being seen from the shore (about PEAKE'S design; she is one of the smallest 3 miles distant) the Thorpe life-boat was life-boats in the kingdom, but she on this launched, under sails and oars, and took occasion nobly showed her worth, as she them on board. A heavy surf had set in on also afforded an illustration of what may be the shore, and no ordinary open boat could effected on such trying occasions by a skilful have been safely taken through it. and gallant crew, which those who manned her undoubtedly showed themselves to be WALMER.—On the night of the 5th on this disastrous day, when so great a January, the barque Reliance, of London, number of poor merchant-seamen perished was driven on shore in a violent snow- on our coasts. storm, near Walmer Castle, on the coast of Kent. The Walmer life-boat was qxrickly SEATON CABEW.—On the 4th January manned and proceeded to the rescue of her the Seaton Carew life-boat, after making crew of 15 persons, whom she succeeded in three gallant attempts, but without success, landing in safety. There was a very heavy to rescue the crew of the brig Empress of surf at the time, and the life-boat, which Sunderland, wrecked on the Long Scar had been only recently placed on the sta- rocks, took off the crew of the Jubilee, of tion, afforded much satisfaction to her crew. Guernsey, which had driven on shore off the She is on Mr. PEAKE'S design. town. The life-boat got damaged on this Situated in the neighbourhood of the occasion. The Seaton life-boat Committee fetal Goodwin Sands, we have no doubt have, since this occurrence, placed themselves this life-boat, in the hands of the skilful in connection.with the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT boatmen of the neighbourhood, will have INSTITUTION, which has replaced this life- many future opportunities for performing boat by a new one 'on Mr. PEAKE'S design. such valuable services as the above. ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, Tor the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck. founded in 1824.—Supported Try Voluntary S^ibscription&. PATRONESS. HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN. PEESIDEirr. REAR-ADMIRAL HIS GRACE ALGERNON DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G., F.tt.8. COMMITTEE 0? MANAGEMENT. THOMAS BAKING, Esq., M.P., V-P-, Chairman. THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., F.R.S., V.P., Deputy Chairman. Vice-Admiral BOWLES, C.B. Captain J. B. B. McHARDT, R.N. Rear-Admiral C. R. D. BETHDNE, C.B. Captain OMMANNET, R.N. General BLANSHARD, C.B. Lord ALFRED H. PAGZT, M.P. ALEXANDER BOETEFEUR, Esq. Major GEORGE PALMER. Capt. Sir GEORGE BROKE, Bart., R.N., V.P. JAMES PEAKE, Esq., Assistant Master Shipwright Captain F. BULLOCK, R.N. in H.M. Docljyard, Woolwich. Lord HESRT CDOLMONDELET. Captain LAMBERT PERROTT. Rear-Admiral BERTIB C. CATOB. JOHN DISTOS POWLES, Esq. WILLIAM COTTON, Esq., F.R.S. Captain C. R. PRESTON. Vice-Admiral Sir DEANS DUNDAS, K.C.B. Commander ROBERTSON, R.N., Surveyor-General Captain GEORGE DAVIES, R.N. to the Board of Trade. Captain STEPHENSOJ* ELLERBY, Trinity House. Sir ROBERT C. ROWLEY, Bart. Commander FRANCIS W. ELLIS, R.N. Rear-Admiral R. SAUMAREZ, K.L. MONTAGUE GORE, Esq. Captain SHEPHERD, H. C. S., V.P., Deputy Master Rev. C. B. GRIBBLE, M.A. of the Trinity House. Captain W. H. HALL, R.N., C.B., F.R.S. Rear-Admiral The Marquis TOWNSHEND. Captain G. A. HALSTED, R.N., Secretary to Lloyd's. Captain SOLI VAN, R.N., C.B., Board of Trade. Commander 3, C. HEASLOP, R.N. Colonel TCLLOH, R.A., Director of the Carriage Commodore EDEN, R.N.,C.B., Comptroller-General Department, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. ^ of Coast Guard. Captain Sir BALDWIN W. WALKER, Bart., R.N., "ear-Admiral Sir THOMAS HERBERT, K.C.B. K.C.B., Surveyor of the Navy. EDTAKI> HURRY, Esq., V.P. Captain WASHINGTON,R.N., F.R.S., V.P., Hydro- Captain E. A. IKGLEFIELD, R.N., F.R.S. grapher of the Admiralty. Captain A. JERNINGHAH, R.N. FRANCIS WILSON, Esq., V.P. Captain W. II, KENNEDY, R.N., Dep. Comp.-Gen. Commander J. R. WABD, R.N. Coast-Guard. ISAAC WATTS, Esq., Assist. Surveyor of the Navy, Commander J. S. LF,AN, R.N. H.S, II. WOM.ASTOTS, Esq. GEORGE LYALL, Esq. BANKERS—Messrs. WILLIS, PERCIVAL, & Co., Lombard Street. AUDITOB—G. C. BBGBIE, Esq. BECBETABY—RICHARD LEWIS. LIFE-BOAT INSPECTOR—Commander J. B. WARD, R.K. The Committee of the Iloyal National Life-Boat Institution would earnestly call the attention of the Public to the great and extraordinary exertions which the Society has recently made to provide efficient Life-boats at various parts of the coasts of the United Kingdom, including Walmer, Camber (Rye), Appledore (Devon), Braunton (Devon), Penmon (rVnulesea), Arklow, Sealon Carew, Cahore, Vouirlial, and Wentport. To supply these Life-boats, together with Trans- porting-caniaj;es and Boat-houses for some of them, has involved an expenditure of upwards of 413,000. Other appeals for aid in the establishment of Life-boats continue to be received by the Committee. This important work can only be continued by the aid of a generous Public. The rescue of shipwrecked persons from drowning ig a work of mercy and humanity, whirh so manifestly claims the sympathy of all classes of persons in thi Maritime and Commercial Country, that the Committee feel assured that the present pecuniary position of the Institutio need only te \)e known to insure for it the lib*ral support of the Community at large. £• *• d. \ £. d. £. ,. t Armagh, Hit, Grace the Arch- \ Rroadwood, Rer. J., Lyne - don. 0 JohiuoD, H. EKI., Crulcbed bishop of- . don. 85 0 0 Brydge»,SirH. J. Jones. Bart,- don. 0 Priam, per J. Fenke, Esq. Mb don. 10 10 C1erelHnd,Hrs Grace the Duke of, don. 50 li 0 1 Bullock, Captain F., R.N. an. 0. Lambert, Min E., liydc- 3rd don. 4 0 McKerrell, W., Esq., cost of a 1 ratebponl, T. £sq..('{dche.,ter - don. 0 Listt>r, J. J. E«q., FlaTBlow . dun. 5 t nrst-ctnss life-boat nnU gear. 100 0 0 Cecil** Bavingn for poor sailor* 6 M.A. - - - aid dm. i a Per G. W. Ali-xandcr, Esq., Lom- Chance, n. L,, jutu, Esq., Eir— Mubbott, W. IX E*q., Lewes - an. 1 1 bard-streef : — mingbam - - 2nd don. Mackenzie, Harry, Ego. - 3rd don. £> 0 Barclay, Pevnn, A Co., Messrs. don. 10 10 0 Charloton, Mrs., Bath - aid don. Otway, Capt. R.N., ( heltenham an. 5 0 Hums. J.T. Esq. - - don. 5 0 flarke, ReT.J.C\,ChertBcy - don. Pease, E. Fnq,, Darlington - don. 5 0 Deodi8toun,rross,ACo.,Mf*™. an. 5 0 , Drapers, Wonb. Camp, of 3rd don, » Peckover, W. Esq, WlBbeath - don, 10 » Ebbrr Vale Iron Company v don. 1 10 0 | E, J, A., Fnmkleigh - - don. at Peckorer, A. F.w|.,dkto - don. S 0 Robinson, Joweph, Ksq. - don. 5 0 \ Feating. Admiral C. B. - - don. Sharpies, Joseph. Eaq., Hitchin don. 5 0 Abingdcn, Countess of - - an. 0 0 | Gage, Admiral Sir W. - - don. Ssimm,3,E*q.,Vlu\T-!Aoon-*t. Xod dtm. 1 1 A PnenJ, Portsmouth - - an. 0 0 j 3. V. II. B. don. 1 0 Singleton. R«v. R. Corbet, per Alvanley, Lord - don. 1 0 0 Glynn, Sir R. p., Bart. - 4th don. 1 0 Capl. Grant, Sec. R. T- Y. C. aa. 1 1 Atty, Mrs., Southwell - 2nd don. 0 0 Gully, J. Eiq., Marwell Hall - don. 5 0 Ditto - don. 9 0 Aylmer, Sir G. G., Bart. - don. 0 0 Harris, Mm. J., Wallnamstovr don. 5 0 Smith, Rev. P., Pattiswjck 2nd don. I 1 Arrowsmith, Mem*. H. A A., Hibbert ft Co., Hron,, BilUtcr- Smith, Mrs. Newman - - an. 1 1 New Bood-«treet - - an. 1 0 rouit - 2nd don. 21 0 Stanlry, J. Ki»q., (>iw«-place - an. 1 1 Arrowsm'rtti, Mm., ditto - an. I 0 HoYttoo, Allfrey, & Co., Mewre., Stutge, J. U«q., tiTtnmg\\ttTn - don. a o Banger, Viscount - don. 0 0 Crcat St. Helen'i - - don. 10 1 0 Sulivan, Capt. R.N., C.B. - an. 10 10 0 0 Howaid,Hoa.G.,CastlcRi«ng^nd don. 10 0 Troughttin, Lii-ut., K Ji. - Snd dtm. 8 S Sevan,' Rev. F.'s., CarUon Rode' Jackson, Miss K., Gt. Malvcrn - don. 5 > 0 Waller. MIM Mary - - don. 21 0 5 0 0 Janson,A.a W..Mmn. J.lovdX Walton, Mi- C. H. - dco. 55 Boyae. Vbcoimt * don. 10 10 0 j perT. Chapmun, Esq., P/iP. -' don. 10 10 0 Wilson, Franc!*., Esq., T.P. llth don. SO 0

Donations and Annual Subscriptions will be thankfully received by Messrs. WILLIS, PERCrvAr., and Co., 76, Lombard Street, Bankers to the Institution; Messrs. HKRRIF.S, FUWHAI, and Co., i6, St. James's Street) Messrs. COUTTS and Co., 59, Strand ; by all the Ix>ndon and Country Bankers; by the several Metropolitan Army and Navy Agents; and by the Secretary at the Office of the Institution, 14, JOHN STHE'KT, AnKi.rar, London. Printed by GIOROE Cr-owisa, of SI Hussell Square, in the Cnuntv of Middlesex, at the Printini? Office of Messrs. Clowes "and Sons, T)nke "tree*. Stamford Street, in the Borough of Lambeth, County of Surrey ; nnd published by CHAKLBS KNIGHT, of 91) Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London. Wednesday, July 1,1857.