Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

Identifier components in Interior architecture with emphasis on international air terminals

Masoumeh hashemi shahraki University of Art, Tehran, ; Email: [email protected]

Tayebeh Yoozbashi Master of Photography University Tabari Babol [email protected]

Samaneh Azizi Goodarzi Master of Islamic Art, Faculty of Arts, , Tehran, Iran; Email: [email protected]

Somayeh Rasoolipour (Author) Master of Visual Communication, Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Abstract Each land has its own culture and identity, so in interior architecture, due to its close connection with different dimensions of human life, it has become a complex and multifaceted nature that directly expresses the values, ideas, perceptions and lifestyles. This paper seeks to find influential components with an emphasis on international air terminals on the manifestation of community identity and guidelines for the use of designers to design new structures that are in line with the country's identity. The proposed components can be used in a variety of situations and can be adapted to the specific characteristics of different conditions and the values hidden in each field. The research method is descriptive-analytical.Based on the information obtained from the research, the factors affecting the indoor environment can be described as color, form, natural elements, materials, areas and spatial connections that can be used to improve the sense of belonging to the space, the spirit of the place, the identity of the building, the sense of place and finally Immortality of architectural works to be effective.

Keywords : interior architecture, identity, Islamic identity, environmental quality, international air terminals

I. INTRODUCTION Despite the climatic and territorial differences that have greatly influenced its shape, architecture has a feature from Sassanid to Umayyad palaces, from Ottoman to Seljuk schools and Abbasid caravanserais, and even in architectural details from the role of a Moqarnas to the color of Sash and doorknocker that has named atmosphere. Indeed the atmosphere is sunshine quality and land's soil and soil's moisture over the time. Atmosphere regardless people's skins, eyes and hairs color,says where are you when you are walking in Los Angeles, Kuala lumpur and Saudi Arabia streets.This property that is nature part of place's quiddity and identity, confirms the architecture position in expressing the society identity. Therefore, these days"architecture as identity" is one of the main principal metaphorsin identity survey.(Abel, 265:2008) these days' architects feel like drop behind of universal civilization and are consumers of others civilizations. (Taghvayi, 65:2012) most of Iranian architects without any accurate cognition of universal trends intellectual concepts turn around blind and superficial imitation. Lack of cohesive basic ideology formation in architects minds make them applying personal taste in superficial conception and as a result theyprovoke reproduction and retroactive.

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Contemporary Iran though to its great past culture and civilization isinvolved in unbalanced and uncertainly position. Iranian architects want to stand on traditional culture and costume but new events, news, happenings and innovations do not let them. So day to day,the link between architects and past will be break and the link between architects and future will be vulnerable.(Hosseini, 29: 2010) since the one of the society identity study methods is to consider on environmental elements and theirs connection with society culture, investigation of identifier elements in Iran architecture is a suitable method to knowing the Iranian society identity. Inrecent yearsdespite the great history of Iran architecture, fragmentary constructions are observableover the country 1.Absolutely the lack of identity in architecture and interior design counts as a threat to Iran's culture and art.Indeed thecontemporary Iranian architecture has not past greatness and glory. Architecture and interior architecture in any period was progressed based on previous period and finally Iranian architecture known as a characteristic architecture. So serious changes and overall revision according to national identity and Iranian culture properties in constructions is necessary. These paper's questions included: How to bring the lose identity of Iranian architecture and interior architecture back to it? What are the identifier elements in indoor environments and what are their properties? Since answering these questions, we have to investigate the designer mind to understand the culture identity and values. Afterward, we investigate the impressive elements on identity and immortality of great works. Investigation of contemporary works is not this paper's issue and the main subject is reviewing the designer ideology and its encounter methods with identity issue.

II. RESEARCH METHOD The method that used in this research is observation_ analysis. This methodis performed in three steps: 1. Research theoretical foundations: Review and study the related sourcesof research issue like,the effects of interior design on the manifestation of national identity 2. Case study analysis: this step included; search, arrange and analyze the affective elements on interior architecture. 3.By observing the examples of direct design and conflict with different designs, the effect of known components is evaluated and analyzed and the limits of each are determined. Given that,designed spaces in this research did notapply in Iran, all essential information for these spaces investigation obtain from other countries airports by study the Latin books and internet resources.

2.1 Literary The subject of identity-building components in interior architecture has been studied in various studies.However, investigation of these elements in international air terminals identification has been performed for first time in this research. As a result, we want to investigate the architecture literary with Indigenous identity. There is some research about effective elements on places attachment from the standpoint of teenagers in Tehran city that has done by (Khodayi Et Al. 2017). In addition,researcher like (Shadab Mehr Et al, 2017) investigates theroads widening impression in great public transportation systems. Result shown that road widening based on comprehensive plan has an important role in improve the route of major public transportation linesand Increase efficiency. In another research called "revival of Kish island southern beaches regard to identity concept", results haveshowed that it is necessary tofocus on revival the civil spaces regard to identifier elements and in line to Protect and flourish potentials. Therefore, with its help we could experienceHarmonious components and Multiplicity at the same time unity in Kish Island. (Rajayi Ramshe, 2018)

2.2 Environmental quality concept and affecting factors on that

Human and natural work on various spatial scales is considered environmental quality, which is an abstract concept. Indeed, environmental quality included the components quality consequence of a specific environment. Of course this title emphasize on overall concept beside the components. Different researchers and scientistshave stated different definitions about environmental quality. (Abedi Et al, 73: 2014) quality is condition of a thing or phenomena that has specific emotional and intellectual effects on human. Quality makes different in phenomena and could be outcome of form (formal or factitive qualities), function (functional quality) or meaning (conceptual quality). Therefore, inner spaces quality included two divisions: 1. Spaces quality and their forms 2. Resulted quality of Compatibility between the spaces components (form, function and meaning)

Some of values and scales like; forms, shapes, colors, materials, Spatial proportions and etc., that are dependent on environment and independent from persons are measurable.Beside; some Mental and psychological values like;

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Comfort and convenience, sense of belonging to the environmentetc., thatoriginate from environment and have inner identity.Combinations of these two scales will make environmental quality and will considercreatinga qualification indoor space (Golkar, 2001). (Table 1)

Table -1 collection of environmental quality (resource: Hashemi Shahraki, 2016)

Scale Keys concepts Actions variation This quality is against the Increase the different actions and sameness possible functions in space Obviousness This quality considers on Being Avoid from using the artificial obvious and clear to people elementsand try to use the clear meanings Flexibility This quality considers on Being Space potential to interest groups Multifunctional space and possible activities Visual and aesthetic This quality considers onSize and Proportion of artificial elements, proportions dimensions of space, design color, texture, materials, form, quality and aesthetic lightness, decoration etc. Sense of belonging This quality considers on place Identification of space and identity and shows the belonging Proportion of artificial elements sense of people to space Place sense Change a space impressive from Manifest the time properties in emotional and behavioral works properties of specific persons Create the flexible and revisable spaces Environmental comfort This quality considers on Environmental comfort sense measurable environmental factors

2.3 Internal spaces quality assessment

Internal space is included from three interwoven dimensions:body, function and comprehension. Therefore, proposed model of this paper evaluates environment design quality factors by responsibility to functional, somatic and cognitive (meaning)background (Figure 1). Therefore, we can introduce five scales for environmental quality assessment: 1. Having the right structure and form 2. Having variety and difference in functions and actions 3. Having Vitality and attractiveness in space 4. Having the identity and unique properties 5. Visual and aesthetic proportions 6. Environmental comfort in space

Based on these factors in the subject of giving quality to space and improving quality characteristics,4 factors have the most impressive on it; space form, access to different spaces, space function and materials like color or furniture. The color factor has more effect to others.

Right structure and form

Visual Vitality and andattrac aesthetic tiveness proportio in spac ns Identity Vitality and and unique attractiven properties ess in space Volume XII, Issue VIII, 2020 Page No: 1476 Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

Figure 1. suggested model for internal quality assessment (resource: Hashemi Shahraki, 1395)

2.4 Eternalness necessity of architecture works and interior architecture

Eternalness necessity of a work is considering on all of human dimensions in architecture fieldlike; human, artist, society, history, nature and God. Artist and society could get to unity by connecting to nature and Godand creating permanent works. Pirnias's works in Traditional Iranian architecture by constructivism,people like, Self-sufficiency and Avoid futility, which reflect nature and God's action attributes,has made eternal works. God's action attributes have intellectual identity rather than native and traditional. Therefore, traditional Iranian architecture is manifestation of immortality (resource: Hashemi Shahraki, 26: 2016). Since Immortality has stability along the time, it is a complete phenomenon. A phenomenon to be eternal and dynamic more than its properties should have proper conditions in next periods. As a result, when a construction or music is soulful, it means that has real attraction and impact. Therefore, there are threeapproaches in this area: 1. Immortality essential; an unique and special idea based on the opinions of upper classes and academic society (Architect-centric and Preliminary art) 2. Immortality essential; consider on public ideas and opinions (People-centered and Posterior art) 3. Ambient approach; considering on two dimensions or general view, comprehensive art (Hashemi Shahraki, 26: 2016)

2.5 Identity lexicology

Identity word has different meaning in different areas. Therefore, it is necessary to study and understand that before entering to national identity and architecture identity discussions. Amiddictionary in "identity" entrance mentions "included in essential properties" and assumes identity as what identifies the person or thing2. In past times, this concept known as "style"."Wright" has said about identity, something that makes difference between the others. (Wright, 30: 1372)any object or organism which has soul, unique and special properties; has its own identity. As if everywhere on earth has its own propertiesand own value that definite that.It is usually defined by the protection of a supernatural being from the spirit of the place or the uniqueness of the landscape or space.Residents and visitors to the site were aware of the presence of the creature and respected and regularly honored it. (Rajaii Ramshe, 78-79: 2018) identity word (DENTITY) which in person has the same meaning could belong to individual and plural. That is, identity occurs in individuals and individuals of a nation and then encompasses society. Thus, in the definition of identity, we can say that the set of factors, effects and signs that distinguish one person from another (political, historical, cultural, social, personality, religious, etc.). Identity is a phenomenon that begins with me and leads to me. In other words, it develops from a sense of belonging to a sense of solidarity with the great national community (Sobhanijoo, 2004)

2.6 Islamic identity One of the ideals that Islamic countries especially the West Asian countries, have focused on more than ever before, is Islamic identity.In recent years, more than ever, cultural and political activities have focused on revivalism and identity. (Mahdavi Nejad, 75: 2014) Architecture and interior architecture have a mission to preserve the ancient cultural values within themselves and therefore be considered as an identifying element in the cultural structure, as the diversity of culture and architecture is observed in the architectural works of the world.(Noghrekar Et al. 31: 2009) The sub-nature of Islamic art consists of decorative arrays and elements such as calligraphy, Islamic motifs and geometric designs.The message hidden in Islamic revelation is displayed in forms to reflect the spiritual and heavenly nature of Islam.The identity of the people of the eastern world can be considered the same as their

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traditions; That is, the way they look at society, their lives and the different dimensions that our ancestors inherited, and today's generation has a duty to protect it.The identity of Iranian civilization is an identity that is based on such things as culture-centeredness, spiritual direction in life, the originality of the predecessor's traditions, the character and vision of the past, and in a sentence, a kind of semantic and spiritual life. The identity of the Iranian people, from ancient times to Islam, has an Islamic and Iranian identity (Afrough and Barati, 126_125: 2013)

2.7 Identity crisis

The body, which is provided by the architecture and urbanization system for living, is completely influenced by the patterns of modernity, so it includes the identity crisis in the contemporary Iranian architecture and urbanization system.However, an attempt has been made to Iranian vision and value system preserve the Islamic originality to some extent, and immaterial ideas in countless relations between the city and the Iranian citizen are important components of urban life. Accordingly, in spite of the complete transformation and imitation of the Western city (which is visible in highways, towers and stairs and changing the pattern of living, etc.), the interior (and in fact the insights and values governing the Iranian city), have not hadfull compliance with Western origins, and Islamic origin is still evident in Iran's contemporary vision and value system of architecture and urban planning.Consequently, the result of this discrepancy between the visual and value system and the physical actions and styles in contemporary Iranian architecture and urbanization is the emergence of an identity crisis. (Raisi, 70: 2016) The confrontation between the two criteria of traditional and modern measurement on architectureDue to the different and contradictory answers of these two views about what and who is architecture influenced the passage of time when modernity entered Iran and created an identity crisis in Iran and other similar lands.In fact, before the advent of modernity in Iran, Iranians whom follow someone's example, with the changes and transformations they gave in it, it belonged exactly to the realm of Iranian civilization.An example of this can be found in Achaemenid and Sassanid architecture and even some architectural works of the Qajar period.Innovation in traditional architecture has been gradual. Traditional architects add value to architectural values without claiming to be creative.Modern man uses innovation and creativity by changing phenomena and replacing existing ones with new ones.For the influence, expansion, imitation and repetition of Western architecture in Iran, the Qajar period can be mentioned as the origin of time.The prevalence of foreign architecture in the Qajar period was not with the wise, conscious, and critical acceptance, but with the self-loathing of leaders who traveled to Europe and became fascinated by their industrial development, thus it made alienating and crisis of identity in architecture (Ghotbi, 82- 81: 2008) One of the reasons why today's Iranian architecture and interior architecture is confused in finding its identity is the lack of clarity of thought behind this architecture.If we can properly master the thought of our time, or in other words, would have existed a clear idea for our time today, perhaps interior architecture and architecture can more easily regain its identity.Today, many interpretations of the state of contemporary Iranian architecture have been quoted. In this sense, today's Iranian architecture is suspended between the past and the future and is struggling to find its way. In such a situation, sometimes the past's regrets and memories are glorious, and at other times, the West's concise and eye-catching architecture draws it and prevents him from finding its true path.However, it is very difficult to know and get the right path in this regard, because on the one hand, our past and traditions are still full of eternal ideas and principles, and on the other hand, today's research and answers of Western architecture cannot provide a suitable answer to the our landcultural and social context. (Daryaye Laal and Hoseledar Saber, Bita 7-16) Architecture has come from other lands in a variety of ways. This is the first step towards individualism when an individual or group imports a foreign culture instead of taking advantage of the local culture.In this way, buildings are gradually built by applying the personal taste of one or more people from the ruling class, each of which represents the individualism of the ruling individuals.3

2.8 Impressive components in identity

Man is the only phenomenon that is concerned with identity. In order for a person to have an identity, he must be present in the community and grow. In this case, in addition to having an individual identity, in a specific name and relationship with others, it can also achieve a collective identity by taking common elements that are called culture, and by sharing these issues, they make a common history.Accordingly, the creation of individual identity is a social process. Man and his beliefs, place, time and space are effective components in identity that determine the time and place of an existence. (Partovi, 2003) Man, his beliefs and the level of his knowledge and awareness, as a designer and author andas an exploiter and recognizer of architecture acts.

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The most important factors that meet the identity needs of human beings are place and space, and it is possible for them to achieve the necessary security and peace of mind for human beings with a sense of distinction, stability and belonging to the group.In addition, when a person is sure of his continuity, he can claim to have an identity. This continuity means having a sense of stable Character over the time.(Taqvaei, 65: 2012) "The meaning that the environment and the physical characteristics of human creations induce to human beings, are those principles and cultural values and worldview of society and have shaped the environment.In other words, the artificial environment, with its symbols, proportions, components, signs, shapes, colors, and other features, both expresses the worldview and culture that has formed its foundation, and that induces its principles and values to human beings and play a Cultural developments role. Activities performed in space over time create memories in the human mind, which may be individual or collective.By referring to them many times, the collective memories that are the identifying factors of human beings are imprinted in the human mind and make the place different from other places.Time is considered the realm in which life is realized. (Taqvaee, 65: 2012) National values and norms, national myths and symbols, cultural heritage, geographical features and religious dimension and religious beliefs can be considered as the most important and basic components of national identity.(Bemanian Et al, 55:2010) "John Basskin Et Al.", a 19th- century English thinker and sociologist, says: "We value the architecture of the past and make contemporary architecture eternal, so we look at the immortal works of art and architecture as original and unique to remained forever and always tried to stay immortal. Therefore, creating a sense of immortality in the building must originate from the architect's feeling, and this feeling is not separate from the architectural idea to create an original and eternal work.

2.9 Components of effects of the internal environment on humans

Man seeks his identity in the identity of the environment, or in other words, he considers the identity of the environment as his identity.Manufactured elements or artificial environment is one of the main elements of the environment that affects man, his identity and culture.The environment is the part of space that has acquired certain identity through the factors in which it is located. In the field of architecture, modernism, with the motto of progress and development, imposes itself on human society in such a way that societies, especially backward societies (in terms of industry) that seek their identity and credibility in matching (appearance) with the West, try to repetition and imitation of foreign architectural patterns. Patterns that will inevitably change their way of life. Although the effects of the natural environment do not change the fundamental principles of human nature such as thought and will, they do create customs and laws that can color and justify people's lifestyles.It is natural that the health of the environment is not only the purity of the air but also many categories such as beauty, proportions, balance, between the natural environment and the artificial environment, a sense of identity, lack of humiliation, no stress, peace and quiet, boasting and showing off play a fundamental role in formation the environment. In this way, it can be said that any environmental imbalance will affect the mind and behavior and, consequently, customs, culture, social relations and even human worldview. Two categories of internal and external factors play a role in creating human identity. Internal factors are issues such as religion, worldview, history, culture, or other spiritual realms that, depending on their importance to a person, are effective in shaping his or her identity.Interactions with other civilizations as external factors affect the formation of human identity, which can be classified into two categories, positive and negative.The positive side is the acquisition of human values for the excellence and evolution of human identity, and the negative side is the tendency to resemble others. This state of affairs is a situation in which society is both proud of its cultural identity and that other societies do not perceive identity from contact with it and its material and non- material products other than what it does. The most prominent features of the internal environment of human beings are symbols, signs, proportions, sound, light, function and their origin. These are only material and physical aspects, and the effects of them can be considered in categories such as identity, sense of belonging to place, sense of comfort, sense of security, sense of inferiority, and remembrance of spiritual meanings and can be studied. In addition, the most obvious aspect that can simultaneously introduce these physical factors and their effects is the quality of the space. Space quality is a subject that has been seriously discussed by scholars and philosophers and has always had a special place in their studies; in such a way that the effects of the quality of space (space) on man have both instilled values and are able to lead him to degeneration and destruction. It is in line with this thinking that the idea of the quality of space is presented, one of the most prominent aspects of which is manifested in the definition and creation of sacred space.In fact, the internal environment can determine and guide the cultural orientation of society by inducing values and anti-values. For example; the environment can both enable the unity of society and reduce the possibility of its occurrence.

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2.10 Analysis of concepts and available methods in case studies

In addition to creating beauty, interior architecture creates a quality space to meet the immediate and future needs of residents.The qualitative and conceptual characteristics of spaces in different parts of the world provide their identity. History has been and continues to be a testament to human endeavor to distinguish oneself from others. Members of each community have a particular perception of their distinct identity. They may manifest this perception in religion or in their language, or they may reflect it symbolically in art. Tribal, ethnic, racial differences, distances, impassable class boundaries, climate dependence, land, rituals have influenced the shape and atmosphere of architecture; And these characteristics have led to the emergence of distinct differences in patterns of life, living spaces, and religious, ritual, and even habitat structures. Every society has goals and ideals, the culture of that society has a duty to objectify the display of mental ideas through its form, and therefore it is a manifestation of the measurement of culture. Hassan Fathi, an architect whose works are well known in Egypt for the harmony of architecture with the tradition and culture of the people, states in his book "Building with the People": Every nation that has established its own architecture has shown its favorite lines and forms that have a special feature like the language, customs and traditions of its locals. In this section, the question arises as to how identity-forming factors are manifested in architecture. Sometimes the artist uses the original patterns of the past to identify his work of art. This is the method used today in Iranian architecture to build so-called high-quality architecture, and it is called the method of repeating past patterns. However, whether or not this method is suitable for creating identity architecture does not fit into this paper. Another way to identify architectural effects is to use symbols. People of every culture, depending on their past and history, sometimes have symbols and symbols of identity. Among these symbols, we can mention national and religious symbols.Schultz sees construction not only in the occupation of space, but also in revealing the spirit of the place and the deep connection between the earth, the texture of the structure, and the sky.The shape and space of nature, as a special connection between the earth and the sky, gives certainty to the identity of the place. These features are more pronounced in indigenous architecture. In addition, in decorative architecture, each role has many values, including the value derived from the opinions of the people of the society.With these decorations, the architect reveals the ideals of the society in the building and reaches a kind of identification in architecture. By correctly assuming that architecture is the container of life and life is the way of life and communication of human beings that has arisen from the culture of society.As a result, interior architecture has an identity that first reflects the values that govern society, second, it reflects the values that society is interested in, thirdly, it reflects the factors of its cultural identity; and that which makes a work look useless to the public is that it belongs to a collective and stable identity.

Haidar Aliaf International Airport in Azerbaijan The Turkish Airport Architecture Company has designed very large and prismatic wooden structures in the form of the interior of the new terminal of Baku International Airport in Azerbaijan.Some of these prismatic wooden structures, which look like a centralized pyramid, include restaurants, cafes, shopping stalls, and other facilities, including a children's play area and a storage area for travelers' belongings. This example of airport design with wooden structures, which is a symbol of hospitality of the Azerbaijani people, represents the "culture and identity of this country" (Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5).

Figure 2. Passenger waiting room. (www.icao) Figure 3. Coffee Shop (Source www.icao)

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Figure 4. Airport Restaurant. (www.icao) Figure 5. Passenger waiting hall. (www.icao)

Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Mumbai, India

The American company has designed the new terminal space of Mumbai airport. In order to build it, two factors have been considered, the traditional style of Indian architecture, which is the use of outdoor structures and the use of the national symbol (peacock) pattern with decorative holes, in order to preserve the country's identity. (Figure 6)

Figure 6, Terminal 2, Airport Waiting Hall (www.icao)

The American designer at Terminal 2 has also tried to use India and the city of Mumbai precisely as a magnificent symbol by combining local patterns and textures in all its dimensions.According to the design team that built the terminal, the large spaces under the mushroom-shaped columns are designed to be reminiscent of memorable old mansions and courtyards surrounded by traditional and indigenous architecture.The designer even noted that the set of colors used in the lighting is reminiscent of the national bird of India, the peacock.The terminal's structure is such that it has created a huge international identity for the city of Mumbai, and it can be said that it has been responsible for the history, culture and indigenous patterns of India.Equipment and tools that represent the culture of this country, such as traditional chandeliers inspired by the lotus flower and traditional mirrored mosaics throughout the terminal and inside the booths provided for commercial activities near the terminal entrances and Passengers are attracted to Indian culture and society, regardless of the airport. They have used an advanced lighting system with a traditional pattern of using glazes in Terminal 2 to achieve a fascinating and spectacular performance that is stunning and dreamy. (Figures 7 and 8)

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Figure 7, Airport Column. (Source www.icao) Figure 8, India's national symbol. (www.icao)

Henri Conda Airport in Bucharest, Romania

Figure 9, ICAO.IR waiting room (www.icao)

Figure 10. Private waiting room ICAO.IR. (www.icao)

The Bucharest Airport in Romania, run by the National Association of Contractors (Robert Marin, yanel Pascoe), is a promising design model with a special area for waiting, nerve extension, and eating before boarding a plane to experience a dream trip. In general, spaces related to visitors' halls, cafes, and restaurants are designed to attract customers. The design may seem simple at first due to the removal of many cumbersome restrictions, but due to the lack of external constraints, the project designer is facing difficulties.The design of the main hall is such that it looks like a rejuvenation area in mind. At the same time, the designers have provided the possibility of instantaneous communication through pre-programmed equipment such as tablets and laptops to provide customer comfort.They also tried to reduce the noise caused by crowds at the airport terminal by creating separate sections for individuals and small groups. (Figures 9, 10 and 11)

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Figure 11. ICAO.IR waiting room. (Source www.icao)

Using a self-service targeting method, they have integrated special booths that provide instant food, and furnished spaces for passengers. However, the structure of its geometric space is derived from Descartes' philosophy, which excites travelers to stay.Attempts have been made to match the design of these flat-level structures, which are made of lightweight materials, with the emotional load of the passengers before and during the trip.One of the indigenous designs with high percentage of dynamics used in this structure, colorful designs on the floor and its soft surfaces can be described.Due to the position of the facade facing south of the building and its exterior, the absorption of natural light in the environment has reached its maximum power. Due to the fact that the studied samples have been designed in different parts of the world with different views and of course with importance to the culture and identity of the history of architecture and interior architecture of each country, It can be seen that the terminals are the gates of a country and represent the specific elements of that country in design.At this level, physical elements evoke the memories and mental images of the audience and play their role symbolically, recalling history, culture, and social and national values (the spirit of the place).

IV.CONCLUSION According to the definitions of identity presented in this article, its importance in society and subsequently identity in architecture and interior architecture can be realized.Based on one's beliefs, religion, worldview, and culture, man creates an environment that can help him achieve his goals while being a mirror of his principles, identity, and values.The most important and unifying part of the collective identity that affects all forms of identity is national identity.Among the most important components of national identity are national values and norms, national myths and symbols, cultural heritage, geographical and religious features and religious beliefs.Examples examined also teach the reader that local character plays a decisive role in identifying a place.In the context of time, it is clear that what remains and is remembered is undoubtedly their greatest value and hidden identity.These identity works, with their hidden values that have been the main reason for their permanence so far, are in fact a great university for architects.In this regard, the methods of displaying identity-building elements in interior spaces are in the form of repetition of past patterns, then national values and norms in interior architecture and architecture by decorating and using symbols. It should be noted that the level of realization of identity in the works of architects and interior architects depends on its quality, perception and understanding of the truth of the universe, Explaining the spirit of the place and the face in harmony with the culture, as well as adopting the appropriate method and style to create a work of excellence and ultimately his talent, experience and creativity in presenting the face and body in accordance with his understanding and perception. Therefore, formal imitation of ancient patterns alone, regardless of concepts in theoretical foundations, intellectual roots and beliefs of the people, is not very valuable, and disregarding these categories and superficial approach to the issue will lead to a break from the past.The success of the work is achieved through the simultaneous use of traditional architectural concepts and forms. Emphasis on harmony with the surrounding texture and environment will increase the success of interior architects in achieving an identity-oriented and grounded work.It is important to note that addressing a different type of architecture (whether it is conscious or facilitative) does not help to connect the audience with the building, Therefore, emphasizing visual coherence and unity and coordination with the design field is the most appropriate solution that can be provided in the identity building and works.

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1We have a number of good architects whose work will make it to the final stages.There are few good architects who take risks and do things out of the ordinary", said Reza Daneshmir, a judge at a national architecture competition" (architect, 2009, 6) 2 The word identity has been chosen in Latin as opposed to the word "identity". "identitles" consists of two parts: "ident" meaning "the same" and "entities" meaning "being" (existing). There are two seemingly different meanings of similarity and distinction, both of which are complementary to the concept of identity 3 When people go to the architect, they do not know what they want, and that is why some kind of fleeting fashion values take the place of genuine cultural norms and values.

REFERENCES [1] A, Chris. (2008). Architecture and Identity, translated by Farah Habib, Tehran .

[2]. Afrough, Mohammad and B, Barati. (2013). Elements and Symbols of Islamic Identity in Iranian Carpets, National Studies, Vol. 53, 121 142. [3]. Partovi, Parvin (2003). The place and placeless of a phenomenological approach, fine arts, visual arts, 14, 40 - 50 [4]. Taghvaie, Hossein. (2012). From Style to Identity in Architecture, Fine Arts of Architecture and Urbanism, Volume 17, 2, 65 - 74. [5]. Habib, Farah and Akram Hosseini (2010). An Analysis of Contemporary Iranian Architecture in Confrontation with the Phenomenon of Globalization, City Identity, Volume 4, 6, 29 - 38. [6]. Khodayi, Zahra. (2017). Explaining the effective components of attachment to the place from the perspective of the teenagers group in Tehran, city Identity, 32, year 11, 5 - 17. [7]. Daryaye laal, Behrang and Reyhaneh Hoseledar (Bita). A review of a concept in contemporary Iranian architecture. (Identity), Gilan Building Engineering System Organization, Technology and Art, 52, 14 - 18. [8]. Wright, Frank Lloyd (1993). Styles and Architects, Abadi Magazine, Year 8, 2, 28 - 32. [9]. Rajai Ramsheh, Siamak. (2018). Revitalization of the southern shores of Kish Island with emphasis on the concept of identity, city identity, year 12, 36, 77 - 84. [10]. Raisi, Mohammad Momenan. (2016). The Cause of the Identity Crisis in Contemporary Architecture and Urban Planning and Contemporary Iranian Urbanism with Emphasis on the Trinity of Insight, Value and Action, Journal of Fine Arts, Volume 21, Number 4. [11]. Sobhanijoo, Hayatali (2004). Identity and Identity Crisis, Educational Sciences, 301, 38 -49. [12]. Shadabmehr, Hooman Et Al. (2017). Investigating the role of road widening in the design of Mashhad's major public transportation systems, City Identity, 11, 32, 57 - 66. [13]. Abedi, Sima Et Al. (2014). Theoretical framework for measuring environmental quality criteria with emphasis on the theory of residential satisfaction and its feedback in designing sustainable housing complexes, Haft Hesar Environmental Studies year, 69, 8,2 -83 [14]. Ghotbi, Ali Akbar (2008). Understanding the identity and architecture of today's Iran, Ayeneh Khayal, 10, 78 – 83 [15]. Golkar, Curosh (1998). Components of Urban Design Quality, Sofe, 32, 38 – 65 [16]. Mahdavi Nejad, Mohammad Javad and Pariya Saadatjoo (2014). Identity in Contemporary Islamic Architecture, Islamic Architectural Research, Volumes 1, 3, 75 – 92 [17]. Noghre kaar, Abdul Hamid and Mohammad Manan Reisi (2012). Realization of Islamic identity in architectural works, Studies of the Iranian Islamic City, No. 7, 5 – 12 [18]. Noghre Kaar, Abdul Hamid Et Al. (2009). The Mystery of the Immortality of Architectural Works(Analysis of modernist and franchise attitudes and approaches that are more pervasive), Baghe Nazar, 12, 31 – 44 [19]. Hashemi Shahrki, Masoumeh, (2016), Interior Design CIP of Imam Khomeini International Airport,Master's thesis in video communication, Faculty of Art, Shahed University

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