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Poverty& ce POVERTY & RACE RESE ..A.RCI-I ACTION COUNCIL

September/October1995 Volume 4: Nwnber 5 Minorities, the Poor & Ending Corporate Rule by Richard L. Grossman and Ward Morehouse

[In Santa Clara v. SouthernPacific mil.lions-largely people of color-are Rarlroad(1886),the SupremeCoun:] literally \\forking thei r way into poverty. P&R welcomes leuers& com­ held that a corporation was a person David Dembo and Ward Morehouse, ments on our articles; we will under the Fourteenth Amendment in The Underbellyof the US Economy, print as many as space allows. and thus was entitled to its protec­ call this the corporate"pauperization of We also more ·than welcome tion. work ... replacementof higher paidjobs voluntary ..suhscr iptions"to cover - Morton Ho.cwitz,The Trans­ by those at or close to the minimum our production/ mailing costs,so lormation of Amencan /JJw, wage, often part-time, and below the we can continue to distribute the 1870-1960, p. 66. poverty line." newsletter \\-ithout charge, Some Corporate leaders and their shilli.in 550 ofyou already have contri� Giant corporations in bankmg. effect direct Gongress,state legislatures buted( see p. 8 for the latest honor ,. food. pharmaceuticals,railroads, pub­ and local officials to close librariec,, roll); the modalamount has been lishing, petrochemicals, utilities, for­ schools, hospitals and parks; to gut $25, hut lots of $50 and $100 estry, real estate, msurance, data. health and environmental protections; checks, too, we'rehappy to say. entertainment, health care, weapons­ to withhold services to young people, you name it-rule us Over a centuryof the poor, the �ick and elderly; to ob­ corporate expropriation of la-w and struct citizen lawsuits. A recent New land, along with corporate violence York Timesheadline says it well "State against nature and communiti�. have Budgets Are Cut, Millions in Tax CONTENTS: undermined our independence and Breaks Go To Companies." coloruzed our minds. Most Americans exercise little au­ En"dlngco..,.,rate Today, We the People give legal thority 011er corporations. Poor Amei­ Rule ...... 1 fictions called co1 porations greater icans and American!.of color have even Cumulative Voting ... 5 ri3hts than we give to people. We less say. They are especiall}assaulted as concede to them the sole nght, the corporationswarp elections.legislatures 1 ThankYou , New constitutional authority to make in­ and the courts, move vast amounts of Contributors ...... 8 vestment, production, technology and capital seeking the cheapest labor, L.A. ResearolleF- '· work decisions which shape our com­ manufacture poisons, disinvest and munitie.<»and our hves. intimidate. ActtvlSt Neiwotk .. : .. 9 The largest 500 U.S. industrial cor­ 1 lnde��t Pelffies porations control 25% of the assets of Corporations vs. the People Galh1-Jlh9 -. • ...... 11 America's 3 .8 million corporations. And corporations are awash in money: Great gaps have alway!! eAisted be­ Advocacy Updates.·. 12 according to The Wall StreetJournal; tween the ideals and the achievements­ - - :AfflnnatlveAction the first quarter of 1995 brought "the of the American Revolution. OurCon­ Resources ...... 13 highest level of corporate profitability stitution and the law have served as in the postwar era .... Life in corporate tools for legalizedoppmsion as well as - PRRAC Update.:.".:�- 14 America isabout as good as 1t can get" for inspiration and liberation The Resources ,...... 15 As a result of corporate decisions, founders, who boldly extolled equality poverty is up, wages are down and (Pleaseturn to page 2) I

PovertJ'&: Race Re:.earch ActionCouncil • 1711 <..-onnecticut4ve NW• Suite207 * Washmgton,DC2()()()9 • 202/387-9887 • FA.J(.]01/387--0764 R�P� (CORPORATIONS. ConrinuedfrompageI) governance, and had brought about ership, production and investment," what Morton Horwitz calls "the trans­ from whom should we demandit? and liberty, denied Africans, Native formation of American law.,.Corpora­ The answer may be surprising; We peoples and womenthe rights of person­ tions actually turnedthemselves into de the People can draw upon our own hood. But the Amencan Revolution Jacto persons able to" participate in sovereign authority to impose our col­ did launch a struggle that has lasted electlonsand the processof self:.govem­ lective will upon tyrannical corpora­ until today: people excludedfrom con­ ance-well before indigenous peoples, tions. stitutional personhood agitatingfor in­ women, African Americans and other For what other reason did so many clusion in "We the People." persons of color, well before most non-persons educate, agitate and or­ Since the last third of the 19th people without property. ganize sincethe Revolution? Why else Century, corporations-unmentioned did peoplebuild Suffrage, Abolitionist, in the Constitution-have opposed this anti­ The Sovereign Peopie labor, Populist, Civil Rights, popular struggle by shaping judicial poverty, Indian rights, women's, gay/ doctrines, claiming corporate rights as In every generation, valiant organiz­ lesbian and environmental movements property, imposing their hierarch:ical.-, ing by millions of "non-persons" has across the land ... if not to govern ow-­ profit- and production-oriented values expanded the civil and political rights selves? and interfering with the mechanisms of of people, gaining (in theory, at least) government. In 18n, for example, equal prot�'tionof the law. And there Thomas Scott, president of the coun­ has been a continuous history of strug­ Lessons from History try's largest corporation, the Pennsyl­ gle in this country against corporate History provides some inspiration. vania Railroad, helped broker a deal harm-doing. But in these struggle!J There was a time when corporations between the Republican Party and against poverty and discrimination, were understood to be mere fictions, politicians from former slave states to subordinate to the sovereign people withdraw federaltroops from the South and the public interest Incorporation and bring Reconstruction to a screech­ We the People givelegal was a public trust, a privilege-not a ing halt. Nme years later, in a case fictions calledcorporallons right. The legal powers corporation!> brought by a railroad corporation, the greater rights than we give wield today were nothing more than US Supreme Court declared corpora­ the wish lists of corporate lawyen;. tions to be legal persons, whost life, to people. Electedstate legislaton� corpor­ liberty and property were constitu­ atecharters and wrote state corporation tionally protected by the Fourteenth laws that carefullydefined the nature of Amendment (even though that amend­ and for equity, health, jobs and the corporations. Charters were granted ment had been written and ratified in environment, the focm;has not been on only for fixed terms, whichmeant that 1868 to protect the right!. of freed breaking corporations' grip over capi­ corporate directors had to come back slaves). tal. production and jobs; on changing to the people at regular intervals to re­ By 1904, corporations controlled bedrock legal doctdnes relating to quest renewal of their charters. Corpor· fow-fifths of the nation's industrial property; or on getting corporations ate owners, managers and directors productfon, had begun to perfecta cor­ entirely out of our elections, llUt of our were liable for corporate debts and for porate system of fmance, industry and legislatures, out of our governors' h&.rm!> their corporations caused houses and judges• chamben.. Taking (sometimes doubly and triplyso). Cor­ back the wealth, power, privileges and Pove1ty& Ra.-e(SSN 1075..)59!) is porations were prohibited from func­ immunities that corporate fictions have pecifi rub1i:shed six times c1 year by tilt tioningexcept as s cally permitted, Pb-.,crty & Race Research A�1on stolen, and dismantling offending � this 1864 Wisconsin law decreed; Couni:,1J, 17l i·O:mr.. Ave.NW,#2

2 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • September/October1995 Citizen authority clauses dictated We the People have always been Out of these initiatives is emerginga rules for issuing stock and for public sovereignover the fictional entity called growingnetwork of people and a stra­ access to corporate mfonnation. The the corporation, and today49 states(all tegic agenda Among other things, power of large stockholders was lim­ but Alaska) have .charter revocation people are exploring waysto: ited. large and small investors had clauses. By revokmg corporate charters, � Dismantle especially harmful cor­ equal voting rights. Interlocking direc­ we can uproot the most abusive cor­ porations; torates were outlawed, and the rates porations from our commuruties. By G Re-charter corporations forhmited corporationscould charge were some­ amending state corporation codes and tilllf'periods, subjectto precise restric­ ti mes set by legislators. Turnpike the charters themselves, we can define tions; charters frequentlyexempted the poor, corporationsany way we want. • Reducethe siz.e of corporations; farmers or worsluppers from paymg • Establish worker and community h>lls. In , turnpikegates were control over production units of cor­ "subject to be thrown open, and the 0:ganiz;ng Against porations to protectthe property inter­ company mdictedand fined,if the road Corporations ests and other rights. of workers and 1s not made and kept eru;y and safe for Working through The Program on communities, ban specific toxic chem­ public use." Bankingcorporations had Corporations, Law & Democracy, we icals and technologies andthe hiring of to get legislat1ve approval to increase have been striving to plaoe the corpor­ replacement workers during strikes, their capital stock 01 to merge. Some ation as an mstitution, and resistanceto cap management salaries, etc., by writ­ states required banks to make loam, to corporate rule, onto the agendas of ingexplicit rules into charters and state local manufacturing, fishing and agri­ people aspiring to justiceand self-gov­ corporation laws; �ultural enterprises, and to the states ernance.Towards theseends, we have • Organize referendum campaigns to themselves.Other states bannedprivate strip corporations of "personhood" and organized ten "RethinkingToe Corpor­ banking corporations altogether. ation/ Rethinking Democracy"gather­ constltutional right$ appropriate only Peopledid not want businessowners fornatural persons; ings, involving about 250 people, from hidmg behind legal shields, but in clear Washington State to Maine; half a � End corporate extortion and subsidy sight, so corporations were prohibited duzen more meetings are planned for abuse,by which corporations have been from owning other corporations. And the coming months. We've also been raking off billions of taxpayerdollars; corporateproper!y and capital holdi • Prohibit corporations from malong ngs coordinating popular research on the cam­ were routinely limited. As the Pennsyl­ history of corporations and corporate any contributions to electoral vania legislature stated in 1835, "A law in our states and documenting paigns. from all lobbying, from using corporationm law isjust what the in­ any money to mfluence public poli ; it. citiz.en use of state mecharusms to limit cy corporating act makes It is the corporate authority. (P!f!asetum to page 4) creature of the la""aJid may bemoulded to any shape orfo1 any purpose that the Legislature may deem most conducive for th.!general good." Most important,people reserved the Minorities, the Poor & Corporations at a Gian� nght to amend corporatecharters, and to dissolve a corporation by revoking • Co�: Ratio ofcorporate CBO to p;1y of a�� w�dc�r: its charter if the corporation exceeded 1974--34:!; J�,,_.,...f59:l. 1c� authonty or caused harm to the • Corporate Ass$/,ls prtl¥ided by ·500 ·�t U.S legislators adopted broad powers to cof association cm-po."dlio.ni. 'b�o � (i'9'19to 1994)a.re in t'\IW\1-0Wt:st..j,&y catego� of of every corporation hereafter created :service �t)r(l'Ctailtr.tde. health� �nesu,er"(CC$).. , . •_ may be amendable or �epealed at the • l'fthei:ues i.n theft"f10.

September/October19.95 • Poverty& R{J.(,e • Vol 4, No. 5 • 3 (CORrORA T!ONS: Continued from 1)page whites, and amung people of color. prise we want and need. Thealternative Theywill tryto split community against is abandoning our children and the � Prohibit a corporation from owning community, state against state, country Earth tC\ global corporate authority, another corporation; against country. and living out disenfranchised, toxic • Nurture cooperative,worker-, com­ Theywill challenge the histones that lives not as citizens, but as automatic munity-owned and -controlled enter­ people are uncovering in their states, consumers squabbling over corporate pnses; while they continue to unleash their crumbs. • Invigorate debates on property and lawyers, bully Judges and marshal their the rights of natural persons, commun­ non-:profit, subtly named corporate Richard Grossmanand Ward More­ ities, other species and the Eaith, and front groups designedto look like just house are co-directorsof 1heProgram on the role of government. folks for health, property, justi� and on Corporatiom, law & Democracy. Because corporations, with few ex­ applef pie. They will try i:o buy people Grossman was director of Environ­ ceptions, are created by state govern­ ofwith grantsor negotiations or empty mentalists for Full Employmentfrom ments, our states will have to become promises. When citizen pressure 1976-1984 and isco-author (with Frank key arenas for citizen organizing. In mounts, they might even invite token Adams)of the pamphlet Taking Care many ways, the move on the part of the representatives to join their corporate Of Business'. Citizenship And The Right and corporate leaders to devolve boards. Charter of Incorporation. Morehouse, power from the federal governmentto presidentof the Council on Public and the states could strengthen orgaruzing InternationalAffairs, is a human rights to disempower corporations. So far, Gianf· co,rpo.ralfonsare activist and co-author (with David groups have formedin Maine, Wiscon­ n1aio,r causes of poverty, Dembo) of the 1995 publication The sin and Oregon to plan agendas and Underbelly of the US Economy: Job­ begmthis work. communitydestabiliza tion!/ lessness and the Pauperization of Work As we connect with people around discrimination, 111health in America. Tn obtain these publir.u­ the country, we find growing numbers and environmental tions, or forfurther information, con­ who recognize that giant corporations destruction. tact the Program at 211 1 /2 Bradford now govern; that these corporations Street, Provincetown, MA 02657, 508/ are major causesof poverty, community 487-3151 or 212/9Z?-9877. Contacts ,:· destabilization, discrimination. ill for the 3 states where Program groups health and environmental destruction. We C"annot control the tactics cor­ already have formed are as follows: A potentially powerful consensus is porate leaders will use But we can end Maine: Pme Tree Folk School, RR2, emerging that tobegin investment tran­ the colonization of our own minds, Box:7162, Carme� ME04419; Wih-"'On• sitions in energy, housing. transporta­ what :EdwardSaid calli our "ideological sin: Tlie Wisconsin Campaign, 731 tion, agriculture, food, timber,finance, pacification," b}' helping one another State St..Madiwn, WI 53703; O,-ego_,r; etc., to have fair and democraticelet'� dispelthe absurd idea that tooay''>giant The Oregon Campaign, HCR-82, tions and lawmaking where people (not corporations were inevitable and that Fossil, OR 97830. □ cmporations) are rep1esented; to create there is 1"10 alternative to these global institutions oi enterprise that will not fictions mling om lives And we can tum upon us like the sorcerer'sappren­ and must reach out to people in other Is Your Office (Still) tice; to get justi� in our courts---We rnuntJies organizing to end corporate Receiving Multiple the People will have to learnabout the rule. In the community Coples of P&R? those powers away, dismantle the worst groups in India that forcedtwo Amer­ To cut our printing/mailing corporations and assert popular sov­ ican giants-DuPontCorporation and cos.ts (and save &ome trees),·w� ereignty over all enterprises we allow to Cargill Corporation-to clo�e down encourage sharing P&R Within do bm,mess in our land. theit operations through well planned an-otfice(but,wenihappy to keep Logical? Yes. Difficult? Of course. and persistent direct action. sending multlJ):l! copl6'1·if that�s Corporate leaders and the politic1an8 in Since the 1776 Dec!aJation of some bestfor y-0u). D"ling summer:,tlil.e their pockets will resist with vigor. They Americans' independence, people ex­ we mai!� � letter to -auoft'kes will call upon the most manipulat�\'e cluded from personhood have or� getting tn11ltjple.QQpies.,�for advertising, public relations. media and ganized to gain the rightsof c1ti1en-,;hJ.p eotre.ctions and. d,eletfo.tis. If you law corporations for help, threaten to and the constitutional guarantee of haven't returnedyour form--.-0r wipe out jobs and tax payments, in­ equal protection of the law We the if you didn't get one-pleas� iet tensify their divide and conquer cam­ People are now numerous enough and us know right away whether we paigm; by driving wedges between strong enough to govern ourselves. We can provide you with fewer copies workers, environmentalists and com­ can dismantle corporate tyrants. We of our newsletter. munities; between people of color and can establish the institutions of enter-

4 • Poverty & Race • Vol 4, No. 5 • September/ October1995 · PRRAC R.esearchers Report Cumulative Voting as an Alternative to Districting: An Exit Survey in 16 Texas Communities by Robert Brischetto

\V hen the Supreme Court last systems that approximate proportlonal have not adopted some form of pro­ June 29 declareda black-majority con­ representation in multi-seat elections: port1onal representation. As Birming­ gressional district in Georgia illegally cumulative voting, limited voting and ham civil rights attorneyEdward still· drawn to segregete voters on the basis preferencevoting. RepresentativeCyn­ puts it "Surely, any majoritariansystem of race, threedecades of progressunder thia McKmney,the Georgia Congress­ that can leave49% of the people. . with the VotingRights Act seemedto begin woman who standr.to lose her d1Strict nothing to show forhaving gone to the unraveling. In Miller v. Johnson, the because of the Court's June ruling, has polls exceptct patriotic feeling is not the high court ruled that drawing electoral proposed a change to the 1967 law answer." districl lines chiefly on the basis of race requmng smgle-member districts for can be presumed unconstitutional,ab­ congressional elections. The p1oposed The Cumulative sent some compellmg state interest amendments would allow states to The decisionwas presagedtwo years adopt alternative methods of votmg Voling Ai!ernative earlier in Shaw v. Reno, when the court withm multi-member d1stncts that Cumulattve voting JS one of se\lera\ called into question a "bizarreshaped" would be fau for minorities and other modified at-large systems that rrught be North Carolina congressional distnct voting groups. Such alternatives were usedto approximate proportionate� and warned that "racial classifications offe1ed earlier by University of Penn­ presentationin a multi-member ele1.1ive with respect to voting carry particular sylvama law professor Lam Guinier. In body. Each voter is allowed as many dangers. Racial gerrymandenng, even votes as seats to be filled in a given for remedial purposes, may balkaruze elect1on. In that way, it is the same as us into competing racial factions; it Ou,· exit polls found greater simple at-large systems. However, threatens to carry us furthe1 from the understandjngand under cumulative votmg, a voter may goalof a pohucal system m which race acceptarice of cumulative distribute votes among candidates in no longer matters ... " any combination, even giving all votes For voting nghts advocates, Shaw voting than might be to one candidate. and Miller were bitter pills to take. For expected. Th!S system 1� not new to the Amer- decades, they had been drawing dis­ 1can political scene From 1870to 1980, tricts ch1efly on the basis of race m Illinois elected members of their Gen­ ci�der to level the playing field and eral Assembly by cumulative votmg. allow minorittes an opportunity to elect 1993, Gu1mer's nommatton to become Each legislat:J.vedistrict had three repre­ candidates oftheir own choice Indeed, Assistant Attorney General for Civtl sentatives, and a voter CCluld cast one the creation of maJority-minority d1s­ Rights was withdrawn bj President vote for each of three candidates, one tncts largely explains why 40 Af1ican Ointon, in part becauseof her "radical" and one-half votes for each of the two Americans and 17 Latinos sit in the ideas promotmg voting schemes that candidates or three votesfor one can­ House of Representatives today. As would achieve propomonal representa­ djd ate. Cumulative votmg has also many as a dozen of those seats may be tion. After Shuw and Mille,; the ideas beenused for decades to elect members invalidated by future federal rulings of the "quota queen"-as she was of many corporate boards of drrectors. forcing the states to redraw their con­ labeled by conservative Senators--are And during the past decade,some three gressional maps with less attention to looking more constituuonal dozen local Junsdictions, in Illinois, race. The search for alternativesto d1stnct­ New Mexico, South Dakota and Ala­ In the wake of these Supreme Court ing has engendered a long-overdue bama, have adopted cumulative voting decisions, voting rights advocates are national debate on more basic ques­ asa remeciyfor minority vote dilution. seeking solutions that would provide tions about how well our democracy A federaljudge lastyear wasthe firstto better representation for minorities works and how we choose our elected ordercumulative voting as a remedjin without resorting to racial gerry­ officials. The is one of a case againstWorcester County, MD. mandering. Some have turnedto voting only a few modern democracies that (Please tum to page 6)

September/Oc1ober1995 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • 5 (VOTING: Continued from page 5) 3. Did voters understand cumulative election apparently was much higher voting? than among whites. In next year's 4. Did voters acceptcumulative vot­ election, when three seats are open on f Cumulative Voting In Texas ing? the school board, the threshoW of Since1991, at least two dozensmall exclusion will be 25%, and it is likely cities and school districts in the Texas that blacks will elect another represent­ Panhandleand the Permian Basin have Racially PolarizedVoting ative. settled Voting Rights Act lawsuitsvia Knowing whether voters polariz.e cumulative voting, most of them along racial lines is pivotal in votmg The Results Under brought on behalf of the League of rights cases, since in the absence of United Latin American Citizens polarization there can be no claun of Ctrmulative Voting (LULAC). On May 6, 1995, 26 small minority vote dilution. In the case of the Atlanta ISO, citi�and school districts in Texas held In the Atlanta ISO, white and black cumciative voting workedas it should electionsunder cumulativevoting, most voters could not have beenmuch more have for bJack voters seeking to elect for the first time, all in response to polarizedm their choices of candidates. one candidate. The African American litigation, providing a rare opportunity Veloria Nanze, the black candidate, IX>mmunitynot only electedtheir can• to test the effectiveness of that system. came m last among white voters, but didate with ahnost no white suppon, In 16 of these jurisdictions, minority first among African American voters. but they voted together, pJacing almost candidates were competing against Fewer than 3% of white voters cast all their votes on Nanze, who came in a Anglos; in ten jurisdictions, minority even one of their four votes for Nanze; close second among fivecandidates in a candidates did not file. 94% of all votescast by blacks went to raoethat elected the top four choices. Fifteenof the l 6 jurisdictionsstudied Nanze. In the J 5 contests mvolving Latino had Latino candidates on the ballot. Thesame general patternof polari­ candidates, on first glance the results The Hispanic Research C.enter at the zation between Anglos and Latinos seem mixed: eight wins and seven University of Texas at San Antonio was found in the jurisdictions with losses. A closer examination of the conducted exit polling m these cities Latino candidates,but it was lesssevere. contests mvolving Latinos reveals that and school districts. Bilingual teams of While Latino candidates were the top cumulative voting worked almost pre­ pollsters went to these jurisdictions choices of Latino voters. they ranked cisely as expected in polarized com­ with bilingual questionnaires to gather last or next to last among Anglo voters. munities. In each of the seven Jurisdic­ data from 3,615 voters on how they cast tions where Latino candidates lost, their ballots,how well they understood The Threshold of Exclusion there were not enough Latinovoters to the new system of voting andhow they rise above the. threshold of exclusion. �valuatedit. The Atlanta Independent In the wor.,t case scenario of totally For example., in the Denver City school School District (ISO), located in East polarized voting, one can predict the district, Latinos were 36% of the total Texas, about 25 miles fromTexarkan a, outcome for a racial or ethnic group population but only 15% of the regis­ held the only electionin which a black under cumulative voting by simply tetedvoters and 4% of voters in the candidate was running undercumula­ calCJ.tlatmgthe "threshold i)fexclusion": May 6 election.Smee two �ts were up tive voting. The Atlanta survey of569 the proportion of votes that any group in that election, the threshold of ex­ voters, a cooperative effort by experts of voters must exceedin order to elect a clusion was set at 33%, not low enough for the plaintiffs and defendants, was candidate of 1ts choice. regardl� of for Latino voters to elect their preferred conducted by the political science de­ how the rest of the voters cast their candidate. partment at Texarkana College. ballots. It is calculated as one divided In hindsight, all seven losses could Thisstudy, supported in part by the by one more than the number of seats have been avoided by lowering the Poverty and Rao! Research Action to be filled. threshold ofexclusion, raising the level Council,analyzed the exit polls of these With four seats up in the 1995 of minonty participationin the election, 4,184 voten in the 16 jurisdictions in AtlantalSD school board electton,the or both. The thresholds could have which minorities ran for office under threshold of exclusion was 1/(4+1), or reduced by agreement between the cumulative voting on May 6. 1be study 20%. That meant that, even if Veloria parties designmgthe cwnulauve voting addressedseveral questions: Nanze did not get a !>inglewhite vote, system, realizingthat the more seats up I. Was voting racially polariz.ed? she could win as long as black voters in anelection, the lower the threshold. Were there clear differences between comprisedat least one more than 20% minority and Anglo voters in their of the total voters and concentrated The Key Role of preferred candidates? Did minority thcir votes on her. voters vote as a bloc? Blacks in Atlanta comprised21 % of Community Organizing 2. Did cumulative voting work to the voting age populabonin 1990and Raising the level of voter participa­ elect minority-preferred candidates? If 31% of the voters in 1995, which means tion through voter registration and not, why not? that voter turnoutamong blacks in this education, mmority candidate recruit-

6 • Poverty& Race • Vol 4, No. 5 • September/ October 1995 ment and get-out-the-vote efforts is a key winning strategyunder the cumula­ . · Voter Registration: A National Plan of Action tive voting system. In Atlanta, blacks launched door-to-doorvoter education · Some 5 milliont1ewwters have beenregistered smce January of tms year as· and get�ut-the-vote drives in black .l resutt of the Natl. Voter Registration Act of 1993, which mandlite6. neighborhoods. In the city of Morton, tegi$tratior,facilities in drivers'license & publicas,tjstan� agencies(Medicatd, the Morton ISO, Roscoe, the Rotan food &s,-we1fate, WIC). But, for a host-0fl"ea.!Ons;registration is working JSD and the city of Rotan, where as �ter in DMV·s thrui in public assistalllleagen�. An t:>'timated8 million many as five jurisdictions had Latino _puhllc a%istancereapienti-b}· rldi.nition, poo,:; dispn�portionatt.ly, people wmners, the Southwest VoterRegistra­ ofcolor-are eligible to vote but unregistered. Lon Education Projectprovide

September/October1995 • Paverty& Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • 7 Thank You, New Contributors!

The following readerssent incontrihutions for P&R since our '°Jtissue (ihe cut-offdo.te for our records was September 1; apologiesto anyone we'veinadvertently kft off the list). We sincerelyappreciate your generosity. Whilesome 550 readershave nvw become "subscribers, "we still want and need more q(vou to do this, as we do not wantto convert to a formal subscription publicatwn. A Business Reply Envelope was stapled into the centerfoldof your May/June issue. but a regular envelope, addressed to us ar 1711 Conn. Ave. NW. #207, Washington, DC 2()(X)9, will dothe trick as well. Thanksin advance!

Joe Auslander Lola Fitzpatrick P. Rex & B. McDonnell Peter Simmons Carol Barton Lilianne Aavin E.C McK.etney Richard Smith Chris Benner Gen Fujioka Carol T. Mowbray Lynne Soine Trude Bennett Dick Goebel BettyL. Nordwind Jill Dianne Swenson Mark Buchbinder Martin Hedgpath Christine L. Owens ZenobiaTodd Malcolm Bush Tara Herlocher Theodore Pearson Betsy Matt Turner Richard D. Cagan Edward S Herman William Quigley Stephen Viedennan Fritz Casey-Leininger Alan M_ Jacobson Samuel Reed MarcyWhitebook Faye Crosby Allynnore Jen Allan Rosen Hubert Williams William P. Densmore hene Anne Jillson Barbara J. Sabol Lucy Williams Maxine K. Dilliard Thea Lee Mary Schoen-Clark Paula Winch James V. Dolson Maxine Leichter Clifford C. Schrupp Leslie R. Wolfe Steve Eisenbach-Budner James W. Loewen William Shutkin Lewis Yelin Pamela Zeller

(VOTING: Contmuedfmmpage 7) preference voting, because intra­ cumulative voting should bepreferred minority competition can result in over single-member districts to solve one must calculate the relative size of minority losses. the problem of minority vote dilution. A the eligible minority voting electorate. • Clearly, cumulative voting is not a Perhaps the answer is to befound by ..;, This proportion determine8 what minority set-asideprogram. For minor­ returning to a different question, the "threshold of exclusion"is needed.For ity voters to elect candidates of their basic philosophical debate over what Latino communities, voting age popu­ choice requires educating minority type of democracy we want in this lation figures generally will not be an voters about how to allocate their country. Is it to be a. strictly majori­ accurate measure of the size of the multiple votesin a manner that will not tarian rule, or should we recognize the potential Latino vote; a betterindicator disperse their voting strength. If local democratic principle that while the ii'ithe count of Spanish surnameson the mobilization is not sufficientto get out majority has a right to make policy list of registered voter& for the juris­ the minority vote in excess of the decisions, a significant minority also diction. calculated threshold of exclmion, the has a rightta beeffectively represented � After determinmg the effective size minority candidate is not likely to win. in any decision-making body? Under of the minority voting block,the num­ • All of the jurisdictions that have cumulativevoting. if any group-racial, ber of seats to be filled in any one adoptedcumulative voting in Texas are gender, country club, bubbas, the election is crucial to detennining a !!lmall. The Atlanta ISD was the only militia-is sufficientlylarge to meetthe minority group's ability to elect its jurisdiction with more than 2,000 thresholdand votes as a bloc, they can preferred candidate(s) If seats are too voters. A modified at-large election electac andidateof their choice.Maybe widely dispersedover several elections, system was viewed by electionadmini­ that\ why the system is so controversial, the chance that a minority group can strators as more desirable than carving even among civilrights advocates. elect a candidate of its choice will be their small communities into even diminished. smaller single-member districts. But Robert Brischetto, Ph.D., principal @ If the sJZe of the minority voting from this limited field expe1irnentit is investigatorof the study,is a sociologist group is large enough to elect more not clear whether single-member dis- · and Scholar-in-Re-siden

8 • Poverty & Race • Yoi. 4, No. 5 • September/ October 1995 PRRAN-LA: The Los Angeles Poverty & Race Researcher & Activist Network by ManuelPastor

An importanr part of PRRAC's With financial support from The Kel­ your city, please contact us. ne�workingfunction is organizing local loggFoundation, communlly-oriented Contacts/or the Boston, Chicago one-day meetings of race and poverty research/academic groups in the first and San Francisco directories are tU researchers and activists. Seven such four cities where we organized these follows:Boston: Professor Michael sessions have been held to date (in meetings-Boston,Chicago, San Fran­ Stone, Collegeof Public& Community Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, ws cisco andLos Angele.�haveproduced Service, Universityof Massachusetts­ Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit and or are Just completingsuch directories. Boston, 100Mo"issey Blvd.• Boston, Seattle-Portland). These PRRA C­ &ch grouphas carried out its work in a MA 02125-3393, 617/287-7264; Cnl• initiated meetings serve to mtroduce slightly different/ashion. Whatfollows cago: Professor Phil Nyden, Depart­ people to each other and create the is a report from the ws Angeles ef­ ment of Sociology & Anthropology, basis for subsequent contacts; help air fort-a userfriendly and etl$i/y repli­ l.ciyo/o University, 6525 N. Sheridan problems each "camp"has with the cable model for groupsin other cities. Rd, Chicago,IL 60626, 3/2/508-3445; other; establish an ongoing forum to We hope that actiwsts and researchers San.Fran£!sco:Gary Delgado,Applied continue this communication; and in other cities will con.tact Manuel Research Center, 25 Embarcadero identify advocacy groups' immediate Pastor at OccidentalCollege to explore Cove, Oakland, CA 94606, 510/534- research needs (which local funders, adoption ofP RRA N-LA to theirlocal­ 1769,- or Rich Del.£on, San Francisco who also are invited to these sess,ons, ities. State University,Public Research Insti­ might then support). PRRAC plans to continue organiz­ tute, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Fran­ One further need was identif,ed at ingthese local meetings. Atlanta, Balt­ cisco, CA 94132; 415/338-2978. our Boston meeting: creation of a imore andWashington, DC. are being directory of local academic resources scheduled for I.ate 1995. lj you are - &JUor that community groups l'an draw on. interested in helpingus organizeone in **"'**

You}e a community leader trying to The Poverty& RaceResearch Actton amphfy resouroesfor communityem­ fightthe sitingof a toxicwaste facility m Council and the International& Pubhc powerment and ensure that good re-­ your neighborhood. You have a strategy Affairs Centet (lPAC) of Occidental search is connectedto the struggle for for orgaruzmg your neighbors. buJ you College have recently inaugurated a Justice. need access to research that demonstrates match.mg service for researchers and that your community has been the site of activists in the Los Angelesarea. Called History .more than itsfair shal·e of su.ch environ­ the Pov-erty and Race Researcherand mental negatives. :¥ho does research in Activist Network -- Los Angeles PRRAN-LA grewout of a Fall1991 environmental racism?How do youfmd (PRRAN-LA), the service is simple: PRRAC-mitiated meeting of some these people and begin workmg with users can call in with a request and we threedoz.en researchers and activists in them? send them a list of those activists the Los Angelesarea. At this gathering. and/ or researchers in the area of in­ participants expressedinterest in a ser­ You re a professor beginningwork on terest specified_ vice that could link together activists, labor market outcomes for African­ For example, users can request the researcherscommunity and groups work­ American and Latino ·Youth in Los names of researchers working on immi­ ing on similartopics and strategiesfor Angeles. You have Census data, but you gration issues, activists in cotmmmity progressive �ial change. want to learn more about community­ development; ·researchers-and actiVISts IPAC Offered to ·develop such_ a initiatedjobtraining programs and make on police accountability Using an ex­ service, and PRRAC, with funding sure that yvur research is useful to tensive database and a user-friendly from the KelloggFoundation. funded activists working for change. How do interface,IPAC staffdo the appropriate this and relatednetworking projectsin you reach out to community groups to match and send the infonnation re­ Boston, Chicago and San Francisco. both leamfromtheir acliwsm and offer quested,and usens follow up themselves Throughout 1994, IP AC staff first your services? with contacts. It's an easy way to tested an interview instrument on a network and one designed to both (Pkase 1W71 l0 page 10)

September/October 1995 • Poverty& Race • Vol 4, No. 5 • 9 (PRRAN-LA:Continued.from page 9) When the request is completed. memory-the sort of equipment that !PAC mails ·or faxes a list of relevant community groups might typically use. contacts, including names, addresses An earlier version of the database was small groupof activists and researchers, 2.0, f then sent out our revised surveys to and phone/fax numbess. Users can converted to Access with good more than 1,300activists and research­ request multiple lists, full database list­ results. We are currently coupling the ers on race and poverty issues in Los ings, mailing labelsand other option!i. database with a 1.1 engineso that it can Angeles.This list of 1,300was builtup be loaded onto machines that do not by merging conference and organiza­ have Access I. l. tionlists/ databasesand gave us a strong ·rechnical Details base of progressives,particularly people One key aspect of the program and Building the Future of color, who have been active in the -database is that it is extraordinarily Los Angeles area.· Nearly 300 indi­ user-friendly. The IPAC staffml!mbers Networking is said to bethe wave of viduals eventually responded to our who respond to user requests never see. the future-businesses are doing it and questionnaires,listing names, addresses the complicatedprogrammi ngor data­ so should progressivesseeki ng to chal­ and areas of interest. Finally, a bro­ base; PRRAN-LA comes up by click­ lenge our country's right-wing drift. chure was developed and mailed to ing on an icon, and a series or menus PRRAN-LAis one easy way to rapidly about 1,500 activists and researchers, dnve staffthrough the processof select­ build coalitions and pull together re­ announcing the matching service.Since ing namesand areas of interest. Adding sources. While the technology used in then, requests to join the service have or editing names is also menu-driven, this project is perhaps one step be­ been.pouri ng in. as is the process of printing area lists, hind-it would be niceto have all this mailing labels and even the question­ on the Internet for easier access (al­ naire and fax-back requestfonns. though this could create privacy prob­ \\that Can Users Ask For? The programused is Microsoft Ac­ lems)- most community-based organ­ To make use of the service, users call cess, with the programming done via izations are more familiar with calling or fax IP AC and indicate they want to macros and embedded in the database andfaxing for information, and we can use the PRRAN-LA servil.:e. The itself. IPAC chosethis programbecause provide it through these mechanisms. choices are simple: do you want to it was so friendly (for the user, if not the Both PRRAC and IPAC are eat;-er to contact researchers or activists, and on programmer)and because,with Access, share the result� of this project and what topic(s)?(A partial list of potential the programming (or macros) is ·built hope that others will see the utility of topics is shown in the accompanying right into the database. This makes it undertaking such an activity in their box). One feature of the underlying easy for other cities to replicate our own organizing areas. program is that as more users sign on efforts:if we provide the database/pro­ Manuel Pastor is Director of the and use the service, the topic list can be gram (without our full list of names), International & Public Affairs Center expanded to createnew areas of interest. you can build your own names and at Occitkntal College (Los Angeles, fields of interest through the add and CA 90041, phone: 213/259-2991,Jax: edit functions built into the program. 213/259-2734)and ProiectDirector for Ifs an easy way to neiwork The program is written in Acce.ssI. I . PRRAN-LA. To obtaina copy oftJze and ensure that go·od We selectedthis older version becauseit PRRAN-LA database vr to inquire researchis connected to the works reasonably well on computen;of about adapting the database to your own city, contact hin1. struggle for justice. older (386) vintage and limited (4 MB) □

Sampte Topics Available from PRRAN-LA Database Afterreceiving a U!lerrequest, IPAC CampaignFinance Reform Gay & LesbianRights Mental Health sends a fax-back form, listingall fields ChildCare & Development Health Peace& International of interest, which helps steer users CoalitionBuilding Homele!iSness Relations through the request process.Users must Community Advocacy Housing/Tenant Issues PoliceAccountability if Community Development HumanRights & Civil Population Stabilization be in the database; they are not, we ConflictResolution liberties RaceRelations request that they fill out a questionnaire Credit/Redlining Immigration Religious along with ihe request (which serv5 to· Cnme/Garig&.. lndustries/Secton; SmallBusiness constantly expand the database). For Culture & Arts Job Training & Placement Transportation the first year of operation, the service is EconomicDevelopment Labor UrbanPlanning LaborMarket Discrimination· VotlngRights & free, although there is a modest charge Education ElectoralCampaigns LanguageRights & Access Rroistricting formailing labels and other specialre­ Empowering the Disabled LeadershipTraining Welfare/Poverty quests. (We will at a later date deter­ Enm:preneurialTraining LocalGovernment Women's Rights mine our costs per request and charge Environmental Justice Media Youth accordingly.)

JO • Poverty& Race • Vol 4, No. 5 • September/ October 1995 ,,Party

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SouthernArlzon.1 People's I.aw Center reason to reduce or eliminate federal tional and international media and 606North Fourth Avenue housing funds. policy-makers.Thus far, the reporthas Tucson, Arizona 85705 SAPLC continuesto support tenant­ been requestedb y the NationalConfer­ 520/623-7306 led organizing as part of their dual­ enceof State Legislatures,the Officeof Contact: Paul Gattone pronged advocacy approach and will Management· and Budget, two Con­ Nearly two years ago, the Southern use the report in mediaand organizing gressional offices and state legislators' Arizona People'sLaw Center(SAPLC) work directed at saving federal housing officesin numerous states.In addition, released a PRRAC-fundedreport, Un­ programs. MLHS has provided commentacy to fulfilled Promises: RacialDiscrimina­ the McNeil Lehrer News Hour, as well tion and Negkctin Tucson s Pubh"cand Michigan League for Human Senicet. as Canadian, German and British Federally-Subsidized Housing (avail­ 300 North Washington Square, broadcast media. able from SAPLC, December 1993, Suite 401 MLHS continues to use the research 104 pp., $ IO). The study made use of Lansing, MI 48933 to provide technicalassistance to other tenant satisfaction surveys and on-site 517 /487-5436 advocacy groups across the country, inspections to document racial discrim­ Contact: Sharon Parks including strategic analysis of how to ination, neglect and segregation in eight In 1991, the State of Michigan elim­ address welfare reforminitiatives and federally subsidized and conventional inated its General Assistance (GA) how to develop effecti.ve campaignsto public housing complexes. program, the only safety-net program counter GA cuts. Initially, the report generated a good for single individuals and childless deal of interest in the local media. couples who are poor and under 65. In The New Haven Legal Asustance SAPLC's challenge, at the time, was to 1993, the MichiganLeague for Human �..tion translate that interest into concrete Services published The Impact on In­ 426 Stat.e Street action and results. Their work has since dividualsand Communities of the Re­ New Haven. CT 06510-2018 ( been split between efforts to move ductionsin Social Services inMichigan 203/ 946-4811 public officialsinto action to rectify the in 1991-1992 (available from MLHS, Contact: Glenn Falk problems highlighted in the report, and May 1993, 56 pp., $10). The PRRAC­ The partles have reached a final using the report as an organizing tool supportedstudy found that the elimi­ settlement in Christian Community for the people living in the subsidized nation of the GA program further Action v. Cisneros Civil Action No. complexes. erodedan already decimatedeconomic 3:91 CV00296 ( AVC), (formerly Chris­ For years, tenants, working alone or base in the state's urban communities. tian Community Action v. Kemp), a in groups, have attempted to get HUD The re-;earch also uncovered the in­ 1991 class action suit alleginghistorical to recognizethe problems notedin the ability of the labor market to absorb segregation of public housing in New report. Anne

12 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • September/October 1995 More AffirmativeActio� (AA) Resources *=Available from PRRAC with a SASE (and $10 for the IPS packet)... Keep sending us items; we'll keeplisting them • "V.r:1at AA? Where Are the Minority Educators.in tlte • Stanley Fish,.. Reverse Racism, or How the Pot Got to Metropolitan Chicago Schools?," by Rafael Heller, with Call the Kettle Blnck," in The Atlantic Monthly, Nov. Foreword by Gary Orfield (43 pp., 1992?); available from 1993, 5 pp. the Latino Inst., 228 S. Wabash, 6th fir., Chicago, IL 60604, 312/663-3603. • Jamin Raskin, "'AA& lb.ds.lReaction," an 8-pagearticle fromthe May 1995 issue of Z Magazine. We'll alsothrow • Fred Pincus, "The Casefor AA,"ch. 34 of Race & Ethnic in a copy of hisarticle, ..Gerrymander Hypocrisy:Supreme Conflict:Contending Viewson Prejudice, Discrimination Court's Double Standard,"from the Feb. 6, 1995 issue of & Ethnoviolence, eds. F.L. Pincus & H.J. Ehrlich The Nation, and his essay, "'The Great PC Cover-up," (Boulder, CO: Westview Press,1994), pp. 369-82.Also, his from the Feb. 1994 issue of Californialawyer. "Enforcing Federal AA Guidelines: Compliance Reviews & Debarment," J. Intergroup Relations, Summer 1993, • Th2 !nstitute for Policy Studiesheld s smallAA confer� pp. 3-11. Contact Prof. Pincus, Dept. Soc./Anthrop., encei"l November1989, organizedby Marcus Rruiki:n:An Univ. MD Balt. County, Rm. 819 Adm Bldg., 5401 approximately 220-page packet of materials prepared/as­ Wilkens Ave., Baltimore, MD 21228-5398, 410/455-3979. sembledfor and coming out of that conf. is available from us, with a self-addressedlabel and $IO to coverpostage and reproduction costs. Included are contributions by Raskin, Roger Wilkins, Gary Orfield,Jeff Shavelson, Thurgood "[C]allingset-asides un-American isan oxymoron. Our Marshall, Girardeau Spann, Manning Marable, Gm nation was founded on the concept of 100%set-asides Alperovitz, and a transcript of the day-long discussion for privileged white males. They got it all. /4/rican­ (participants: Marcus Raskin, Martin Carnoy, David Americans were not considered human, were soldas Pedersen, Marshall Wong, Joseph Rauh, Lewis Steel, Jeff property and experienceda quota of zero when seeking Shavelson, Chester Hartman, Joan Drake, Diana de to vote, own land, go to school or own a business. The Vegh, Gar Alperovitz, Harold Cruse, ManningMarable, enslavement of the black, the extermination of -lhe James Early, Ivanhoe Donaldson, Sylvia Hill, Gary Indian and the annexation of the Hispanic made and Orfield, Roger Wilkins, Eleanor Smeal, Jamin Raskin, kept that 100% set-asidefunctional for almost 200 Richard Sobol, Girardeau Spann, Sasha Natapoff & Shao years. In fact, the majontJ' of opportun1iies, in hzgher Shi). education,jobs and contracts, continuesto remainout of the reach of most blacks and Latinos because the • Jack Bass."Aff"uming the .Affirmative,"ir. the Spring 1995 measurement is still not color-blind." issue of Southern Changes (publication of the So. Reg. - CongressmanKweisi Mfume (D-MD) Council), 3 pp.

• See page 12 box on ow· relatedpacket of Bell Curve materials. , "'200Years of ContinuingDiscrimination: Why We Need AA for Women,"4-page Fact Sheet,available (likely free) from Linda Cooper at the Natl. Women's Law Ctr., I Dupont Circle, -#800, Wash., DC 20036, 202/588-5180 "You cannot embrace racism to dealwith racism. It's They also have available copies of their Congressional not Christian.. . . From the minute they put the first testimony. slave on the first ship, tlwyviolated God's law. ... If I raisemy hand in hatred or revengeagainst them, thenI • President Clinton'sJL!ly 19 AA Speecil(11 single-spaced break God'slaw. IfI type one word at my word pro­ pp.) is available from the White House Officeof the Press cessor in one opinion against them,I break God'slaw. " Sec., Washington, DC 20500. The Justlce Department's - Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas on 38-page memorandum on compliance guidelines, issued affirmativeaction (and separation of church and state), . following the Supreme Court's Adarand decision, is quoted in the August 17, 1995, column of Armstrong available from their Office of Legal Counsel, 202/514- William'>,LA TimesSyndicate. 2057 (ask for the June 28, 1995 A darand memorandum).

September/October 1995 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • 13 PRRAC Update •/" •·

PRRAC's New OfficeManager: her consistently high-quality work "and Callfornla Oata Reconnais­ We welcome Louisa Clark as our new truly enjoyed having her on the sanceUpdaie: Research in threeof Office Manager. Louisa comes to us PRRAC team. Malailcais currently a the four projectareas (housing, educa­ with strong computer, accountingand senior at Brown University in Provi­ tion and income maintenance) is well administrative skills from the Environ­ dence, where she is studying psych­ under way. However, we are still mental Support Center, a national non­ ology. searching for a researcherto evaluate profit environmental organization, the health field. Interested parties where she worked as Administrative/ �ntern Updete: Thanks also to should contact the project'sCalifornia Technical Specialist for the past 3 1/2 Donna McHenry, PRRAC's summer coordinator, Jean Ross, at the Cali­ years. PRRAC also extends thanks to intern. Her hard work will allow fornia Budget Project, 921 11th St, our out-going Office Manager, Jackie PRRAC to conduct an extensive out­ #701,Sacramento, CA95814, 916/444- Holliday. reach campaignto broaden distribution 0500. of Poverty& Raceamong social science Special 'l'han!�s: To MaJaika libraries. Donna is taking the semester New PRRAC Soard Bab1:Con­ Hilliard, who worked hard at PRRAC off from Arizona State Unive�ity to gratulationsto PRRAC Boardmember all summer as our Administrative work with disadvantaged children TessieGuillermo of the Asian Pacific Assistant while we searched for a new through the President's AmeriCorps Islander American Health Forum on OfficeManager. We much appreciated program. the birth of Reme Rogino(May 16).D

(NEW HA FEN: Continuedfrorr•page 12) the next 4 years targetedfor use outside tion cases. He provided helpful input of areas of minority concentrationand for the settlement discussions and do­ Haven, and challenging the siting of in the suburbs. natedconsiderable time beyond what 366 replacement public housing units • HUD will fund a new regionalhous­ the PRRACgrantcovered.The project that were part of a HUD-approved ing mobility program for the New alsowas fortunate to have the donated plan to replace units from a demolished Haven area that will assist families with assistance of Dr. Andrew Wiese, a high-rise development. Attorneys for special mobility certificates to find historian who examined extensive the plaintiffs included Glenn Falk and apartments. archival material on the early develop­ Shelley White of the New Haven Legal c The New Haven Housing Authority ment of segregatedhousing patternsin A1ssistanceAssociation, and Philip w1ll incorporate enhanced mobility New Haven. D Tegeler and JoNel Newman of the proVlSions in its regularSection 8 pro­ Connecticut Civil Liberties Union gram. Foundation. Dunngthe litigat.ton,PRRACfund­ Specific terms of the agreement in­ ing enabled the plaintiffs to retain the PRRAC!s1994 clude: services of Yale Rabin, who provided • The remaining replacement units analyses of new housing sites under ANNU�REPO.RT that have not alreadybeen put in place consideratJ.on by theHousmg Author­ will be located outside of areas of ity; a history of the development of - ISNOW AVAILABLE; minority concentration. (Ahnost all of segregation in the New Haven region SEND US A SELF- the housing sited during the pendency from 1950 to 1990;the relationbetween I of the lawsuit has also been outside public housing development and segre­ ADDRESSED area8of minority cop.centration.) gatedhousing patternsin New Haven; STAMPED • HUD and the New Haven Housing and a critique and analysis of HUD site - Authority will attempt to locate up to and neighborhood standards. Rabin, ENVELOPE (59 62 of these replacement units in sub­ Professor Emeritus of Planning at the POSTAGE) FOR A urban towns, if developers can be University of Virgmi.a and from 1987- found. 1994 Visiting Scholar at M.I.T., has COPY.. • HUD will provide 446 new Section8 served as an expert witnes& in many tenant-based mobility certificates over major housing and school desegrega-

14 • Poverty & Race • Vol 4, No. 5 • September/October 1995 (PROGRESSIVES:Continuedfrompage 11) various streams and tendencies in the Indepentknt Progressive Party's up­ progressive movement. coming events, call or write Ron --,♦ at the Pittsburgh meeting that an in­ Many said they plan to attend the Daniels, Committeefora New Tomor­ dependent, progressive alternative founding convention of t�e Indepen­ row, 3681 Offutt Rd., #187. Randa/ls­ grounded in and supported by the dent Progressive Party in Philadelphia town, MD 21/33, 410/521-9265. □ majority of Americanscan be success­ November 16-19, as well as the gather­ fully built. One delegate pointed out ing of "real populists., called by the that ..it's not just Chnton who's in Citizens Alliancefor St. Louis Novem­ Have troublewith the American public. Every ber 10-13. You Mov«t? major political figure tested in recent surveys has either a very negative or f Don Rojas isformer Director of I so, pleaselet us knowfil.}we increasinglyunfavorable rating." Communicarlons for the national can updateOUf mailing fist.Ibis In an oblique reference to Jesse NAACP, former F.ditor of the New willhelp PRR..AC�

Resources

Anacostia River.� Along with � !Wien orderingitems from Jackson. an anthology, Collins, Bob Dylan, Richard \ _the Resources section. please a taping of a community Growing Up Elsewhere­ & Mimi Farina, Si Kahn, note that most listings direct dialogue about thefilm, it "essays, short stories, Julius Lester, Phil Ochs, you to contact an organi­ will be shown Oct 13 @ 9 reflections. poems, . Tom Paxton, zation otherthan PRRAC p.m. on WETA, WHMM ruminationsillustrating the Perer .'Paul/ Mary, Bernice Pricesmclude the ship­ and WNVT (DC & MD ways in which people of Johnson Reagon, Sweet ping/handling (s/h) charge channels). Further inf. from color arrive at self-definitions Hone)' in the Roel & others. when thisinjormatzon 1spro­ Hedrick Smith Productions, on what 1t means to be an $31.50 from C'ul. Ctr. for vided to PRRAC "No price 7735 Old GeorgetownRd., American,"Submissions are SocialChange, 3113 Conn. listed"items oftenare free. #560,Betheooa, MD 20814. due by Dec, 15 to Di. Mitra. Ave. 'NW,#432, Wash,, DC The Union Inst., 440E . 20008, 202/462-460. An When orderingitems jrom l"ll "Answeringthe Call? The McMillan St., Cincinnati, anthologyon the �- Civil PRRAC: SASE= self Telecomunications Industry's OH 45206-1947. A one-page Rights Movement, with addressedstamped envelope Grantmakingfor Racial/ abstract on the book i� contributions bj 80 parti­ (U� unlessotherwise EthnicCommunities," by available from her. cipants, will beavailable next indicated). Orders maJ, not Steven Paprocki & Robert Feb. be placed by telephone or Bothwell (Ill pp., 1995),is '4i "Ethnic Groups, Riu.::ial jiix. available ($40) from the Natl. Groups& Minorities: o Gyplies & Travelersin O>mm, for R�ponsive Towarru.Conceptual No. America: An Annotu/,ed !Wien wefill SASE orders, Philanthropy, 2001S St. Harmony," by William Bibliography, by William we enclose a contributions NW. #620, Wash • DC Kuvelsky (17 pp., Fall 1992), Lockwood& SheilaSalo enwlope; please-especiallyif 20009,202j387-9177. Tht is available (no pricelisted) (200 pp., 1995),is available you art' a freqUl'Tltuse, of study, of the 11 top from Prof. Kuvelsky, Dept, ($20) from the Gypsy Lore our service-try to send us telecommunications Sociology,Tex& A&M, Society,5607 Greenleaf Rd., some neededoperating funds . companies,notes that 8 of CollegeSta,, TX 77843-4351, Cheverly,MD 20785, Thank you. the I I CEO'-s receivedmore 409/845-5l33. WPK2654@ 301/341-1261, E-mail: 111 total comperu,ationin 1991 TAMVMl TAMU.EDU, [email protected], They Race/Racism than therr corporations also publish the semi-annual contributed to racial/ethruc G.< "Freedomis a Constant Joumal of the Gyps�· Lore ll' Aaosrthe Riveris a new -'•· populations in 1992. Struggle:Songs of the Society, $30/yr. ($35 insts.) PBS documentary,by MississippiGYil Rights Hedrick Smith, "about l!l Callfor Pa pers: Anu Movement"is a 2-CD set of a "How ShallWe Measure people who are making a Mitra of the Union Inst. i� 40 songs; perfonned by Guy Our Nation'sDiversity?," by differenceEast of the co-editing,with Cynthia & Candie Ca1awan, Judy Suzann Evinger, appearedin

September/October 1995 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No, 5 • 15 theWinter 1995issue of ct "The C'risi:sof African NYC, NY 10011-9060, !,'; "StateIncome Tax Change, the publication of AmericanRelatiom" Gender 212/633-4460. BLll'deffion Low-Income the Amer. StatisticalAs.ffl., is a 15-personsymposium in Families& Opportunities for along with "Black, White & the Summer 1995 issue of r� TreatyCouncil News is Relief,"by Carol Cohen & Shadesof Gray (and Brown Tranrition, responding to t]lenewsletter of the Richard May (24 pp., June & Yellow)," by Margo "Backlash,"an essayby Intern.at!. Indian Treaty 1995), is available from the Andeison& Stephen Orlando Patterson in a Council(a PRRAC grantee). Ctr. on Budget & Policy· Fienberg.The two articles previous issueof theJournal 4-issue sub. $15, $25 for Priorities, 777 N. Capitol St. deal with how the 2000 (which is co-edited by Henry o�., from the Council,54 NE, #70S, Wash., OC20002, Census will define the Louis Gates,Jr. & K. Mint St., #400, SF,CA 202/40&-1080; contact them popuJation.The 12-pagetwo­ AnthonyAppiah of . 94103, 415/512-1501. for price. someis available from us Harvard). Among the with a SASE (55t). contributors are Andrew � "Unclen'eportinloi Race & "The EamedIncome Tax Hacker, bell hooks, Nathan indie Na:liooal Hospital Credit:A Tm-getfor Budget <9 .. PacificRim St:rte.s Hare & Ishmael Reed. DisclmgeSW"Vey," by Lola Cuts?," byRobert Greenstein AsianDemognipruc Dua Ordering inf. from Oxford U. Jean Kozak, is the I I-page: (46 pp., June 1995), 1s Book,,.by J. Eric Oliver, Press, SC0/852-7323. July 6, 1995issue (#265) of available from the Ctr. on FredricGey, Jon Stiles& Advance Data, available Budget& Policy Priorit� Heruy Brady, is available ifl The Diversity Jnitiative is from the Natl. Ctr. for (seeabove item); related ($25) from the PaaficRim a funding collaborative Health Statistics,6525 publicat.J.on:"The Roth­ Research Prog., UC Officeof designed to "support the BelcrcstRd., Hyattsville, NichlesProposal to Reduce thtPres., 300 Lakeside Dr., effortsof nonprofits to MD 20782, 301/436-8500. the EITC by $66Billion" (7 18th flr., Oakland,CA become more diverse and pp., rev. June 16, 1995); 94612-3550, 510/987-9742, E­ better reflect the (j, WllihWe Run This contact the Ctr. for prices. mail: PACRIM@UCOP. multiculturalism of the Rat:e:Cor./,onting tlie Power EDU. Greater Boston area." A ofRtiffl'ln in aSouthern 1t ..62% of Enacted report and further inf. are Church, by Nibs Stroupe& RescknonBill Hits Low­ • "PIIS!lingIt On: Voices available from Tyra Sidberry Inez Fleming (174 pp.), is lnco.,.,te Programs,"by from Amerlca'sBbck hst" at the Hyams Found., One available ($16.45) from Orbis Pauline Abernathy (5 pp., is a 6--part radio documentary Boston Plaoe,32nd fir., Books, 800/258-5838. rev. 7/ 27 / 95), is available (each segment SS mins.), Boston, MA 02108, 617/720- from the Ctr.on Budget& available through Media 2238, E-mail: a "Do Racial/Ethnic Policy Pnorities (see 2nd . Works, 7831 Woodmont [email protected]. CategotiesProtect O'l Divide item above), contactthem. for Ave., #3�, Bethesda, MD Us?" is a public program, pnce. ( 20814, 301/570-6339.1be • TN! Polliksof Divt!nlly: sponsoredby 1be Balch Inst. . segmentsare: "TheMiss. lmmig,tmtm, Reml.anl:e& for Ethnic Studies, Oct.ll, !3o "An UnraveHng Freedom Dem. Party," Cllangem Monlff'eyPark, 3-5 pm (18 S. 7 St, Phila., Consemus1An Analym of "World WarII/The Calif.,by John Horton (273 PA 19106,215/925-8090); the Effectof the New Segregated Military," pp., 1995), has just been speakers are Univ. of Penn. CongresoonalAgenda on the "WDIA [Memphis}-The published by Temple Uruv. sociologist Douglas M�y, WorkingPoor," by Isaac First All-Black Radio Press.Broad & Oxford Sts., Cnris Hansenof the ACUT Shapiro & Sharon Parrott Station,• "TheRole of the Phila., PA 19122, 215/204- and public policy consultant (46 pp , July1995), is. Black Press,'"1b.e Negro 8787. MontereyPark­ Juanita Tamayo Lott. available fromthe Ctr. on Leagues,"and "MOWtd advertisedin Asia as "The Budget & Policy Priorities Bayou, Miss." ChineseBeverly Hills"-is e "TheVoting Ricftts Act (see 3rd item above); contact apparently the only US city 30 Years:tater" is a public them for prices. s RidrardWrigl,t -Black to have a majority Asian­ prngr.un,sporu.ored by "The Boy, a documentary marking Americanpopulation, a Balch Inst. for Ethnic IQI Amazing Grace: TM the50th anniversaryof his developmentthat has Studies,Nov. 2, 3:30-5 pm Lives Child,enof &: the autobiography, was shown triggereda sharp ..English (seeabove item); featured Conscienceof tlie Nation lS on ETV Sept. 4. A national only" and slow-growth speaker is Univ. of Penn. law Jonathan Kozol's new book teleconf. on thefilm will be movement by the Anglo prof. David Kairys. (from Crown Publishers, out shown Oct 4, 2:30 pm. on population. in October), about families in ETV. the South Bronx. .., "'The Sdeme of Race"is Poverty/Welfare � TheBig Book. of a special(Nov. 1994)&llC of � "33Ways to Prez,are � "Doing Poorly:The Real Minority Oppo,tunities: Discover magazine, PubHc AssmanceRecipients IncomeAmerican of DirecloryoJSp«ial containmg6 articles, by for Jobs"is a compilation of Childrenin a Com1,1M1tive ProgramsJar Minority Stephen Jay Gould ("The practical welfare-to-work Perspective,"hy Lee Group Memben(6th ed., 449 Geometer of Racej,Juan strategte&.$49 from Mil Rainwater & Tirr:.othy pp., 1995) is available($39, Williams("Violence, Genes & Pubs., 1211 Conn. Ave. NW, Smeeding (24 pp. + apps./ $35 prepaid) from Garrett Prejudicej and others. · #70S, Wash., DC 20036, tables, August 1995).part of Park Press, PO Box 190, Copies appearto befree, by 202/293-1740. the Luxembourg Income Garrett Park, MD 20896, contactingJamie Schoederat Study, shows (in the words 301/946-255.3. Discover,114 5th Ave., of the NY Timesheadline)

16 • Poverty& Race • Vot 4, No. 5 • SeptemberiOctober1995 ·

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&ptember/October1995 • Poverty & Race • Vol. 4, No. 5 • 19