DOCSLIB.ORG

4 Column Emplate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
4 Column Emplate WorldECR EU facing Crimea sanctions dilemma 2 Russia sanctions: the view from Space 6 Russia and EU sanctions: a German perspective 15 Why non-U.S. companies are concerned 18 about the use of the STA Exception The line between commercial and military 21 jurisdiction over cybersecurity exports An introduction to Brazilian export controls 25 Export controls in UK offshore centres 27 Moving items from the USML to the CCL 32 SpECiAL foCUS: WAShinGTon DC 33 ISSUE 31. May 2014 www.WorldECR.com News and alerts News and alerts U.S. industry welcomes reform of export controls over satellites and related items The U.S. departments of Association welc omed the Commerce and State have changes. In a statement, the published new regulations association’s president, reforming export controls for Patricia Cooper said: ‘This satellites and related items. action marks the end of a 15- The new regulations move year period during which all controls on commercial U.S. satellite exports were communic ations satellites licensed as munitions, and some remote sensing creating unnecessary satellites, along with tens of constraints on U.S. satellite thousands of associated competitiveness inter - parts, components, and nationally. ground terminals, from the ‘The Ad min istrat ion U.S. Munitions List to the issued final rules less than 18 Reform moves control of commercial satellites from the USML to the CCL Commerce Control List months after the U.S. (‘CCL’). reduction in the licensing microelectronic micro - Congress passed legislation In a statement, Under burden on U.S. exporters.’ circuits, and added, ‘In many permitting satellite export Secretary of Commerce Eric A spokesperson for the instances, the updated control reform, with L. Hirschhorn said: ‘For the Commerce Depart ment said regulations also allow the bipartisan and bicameral many American businesses that the items moving to the commercial, scientific and support… With a more that compete in this key CCL include comm uni cations civil satellites transferred to modern regulatory environ - technology sector, it means a satellites that do not contain Commerce jurisdiction to ment for exports in place, we stronger United States classified components, incorporate parts and com - look forward to unleashing defense industrial base, the certain remote sensing ponents listed on the USML the full force of American ability to focus the govern - satellites, spacecraft parts, and remain under Commerce ingenuity and innovation at ment’s limited resources on components, accessories, licensing authority.’ work in the international the technologies and attachments, equipment, or The U.S. Satellite Industry market.’ destinations of greatest systems that are not concern, an increase in the specifically identified in the For further information, see: competitiveness of the U.S. revised category, and all http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/05/226014.htm satellite industry, and a radiation-hardened He added: ’As the crisis EU facing Crimea sanctions dilemma in Ukraine deepens, at the time of writing and ahead of In late April, the Reuters be found that at the same of the proposals: ‘Banks and the presidential election, news agency reported it had time support the territorial other stakeholders subject to France and Germany seem seen a document suggesting integrity of Ukraine, do not EU law already struggle to to be pushing other EU that the EU ‘may ban recognize the illegal determine the legality of countries to implement or transactions with financial annexation of Crimea, financial flows to some threaten further economic institutions in Crimea as defend European interests Ukrainian banks. Although sanctions against Russia, part of its response to the in this region and do not those Ukrainian banks may including a potential ban on annexation of the Ukrainian penalize the Crimean not be directly targeted by deals with all banks in peninsula by Russia’. It said people,’ the document said, EU sanctions, guidelines Crimea. the proposals were separate adding that one way to issued by the European ‘Such a move would from other discussions on discourage or penalise Council suggest that, to the considerably increase the the stepping up of sanctions financial institutions in extent they are owned or difficulty in trading in and against Russia if Moscow Crimea that cooperated with controlled by targeted with the region, and could failed to de-escalate tensions the annexation could be to individuals or entities, compound the current in eastern Ukraine. restrict capital movements providing them with funds uncertainty as to how far the The document, it was between the EU and those or economic resources are sanctions affect entities that reported, spelt out practical banks, and bar EU citizens presumed to be problematic. are directly or indirectly difficulties involved in or businesses from carrying This creates uncertainty as related to the targeted implementing sanctions out transactions with them. shareholding structure and individuals and entities, specifically against Crimea, Yohan Benizri, of Sidley other relevant information with important reper - now that it is de facto a part Austin, provided WorldECR may be scarce, if at all cussions possibly extending of Russia:‘Solutions need to with the following analysis available.’ outside the region.’ 2 WorldECR www.worldecr.com News and alerts News and alerts Japan imposes mild sanctions against Russia over the situation in Ukraine In the light of the recent whom remained undisclosed particularly in the shape of same time, will need to take developments in Ukraine, to the public. The Ministry of energy supplies flowing certain measures to prevent Japan has expressed grave Economy, Trade and from Russia to Japan. Ever a negative economic impact concerns over Russia’s Industry (‘METI’) and since the nuclear plant resulting from the sanctions. actions in the annexation of Ministry of Finance (‘MOF’), accident in Fukushima in Although the United the Crimean peninsula. which govern international March 2011, Japan has States has adopted a tough Following the statement of trade and financial suspended the operation of stance against Russia, it is the G7 leaders on April 26, transactions, respectively, all nuclear electricity plants, unlikely that Japan will by which it was agreed that have since kept silent about now mostly relying on follow in its footsteps and all member states would the possibility of imposing imports of natural gas. As a impose similar measures. move swiftly to impose any additional sanctions. At result, the Japanese energy In its press release, sanctions on Russia, the this point in time, no other sector has increased the MOFA stated that ‘Japan will Japanese government sanctions on Russia have import of liquefied natural continue to play a proactive announced its own sanctions been announced (asset gas (‘LNG’) from Russia. role for the diplomatic against Moscow on 29 April freezing, or financial Moreover, about 80% of all solution of the issues 2014. However, they were transaction or export and Japanese exports to Russia surrounding Ukraine,’ limited in scope and were import restriction). Com- are of transportation following the decision made expected to have only a pared to the sanctions equipment and machinery, by the G7 leader, but it is modest impact on business. imposed on Russia by the both of which are important more likely that Japan’s According to a press Unites States and the EU, the cash cows for the Japanese response will continue to release by the Ministry of potential impact of Japan’s industry. stay ‘behind’ the actions of Foreign Affairs of Japan sanctions is insignificant for In these circumstances, if the Unites States and the EU (‘MOFA’), Tokyo agreed ‘to traders. the Japanese government – and remain mild for the stop issuing visas to a total of One of the reasons why tries to expand its sanctions time being. 23 individuals for the time Japanese sanctions are less against Russia over the being’ by imposing travel severe in this situation is the situation in Ukraine, Japan bans on certain Russian increasing economic bond will face a considerable Tatsuya Kanemitsu, individuals, the identity of between the two countries, economic risk, and, at the Ernst & Young, Tokyo UN lifts Ivory Coast diamonds ban and eases arms embargo The UN Security Council has relaxed a Moreover, the resolution also well as supplies intended for use by a ban on imports of diamonds from Côte states that it is no longer necessary to state evacuating its nationals and d’Ivoire as part of its review and declare supplies of non-lethal others for whom it had consular modification of UN sanctions against equipment and the provision of responsibility in the country and that country. technical aid, training or financial supplies intended for use in security Under the newly adopted resolution services intended to enable the Ivorian sector reform, were exempt from the 2153 (2014), member states have security forces to maintain public regime. agreed that ‘in light of the country’s order to the relevant sanctions Ivorian diplomat Youssoufou progress towards implementing the committee. Similarly, supplies Bamba expressed satisfaction with his Kimberley Process Certification intended solely for the support of or country’s progress and declared Scheme and its improved governance use by the United Nations operation in himself hopeful at the possibility of the of the sector,’ the import of rough Côte d’Ivoire (‘UNOCI’), and those Council putting an end to the diamonds by any
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Testimony: the Russian Economy: More Than Just Energy?
    The Russian Economy: More than Just Energy? Anders Åslund, Peterson Institute for International Economics Testimony for the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the European Parliament April 2009 1 Introduction Russia has enjoyed a decade of high economic growth because of the eventually successful market reforms of the 1990s as well as an oil boom. For the last six years, however, the Russian economy has become increasingly dysfunctional because the authorities have done nothing to impede corruption. The energy sector has been a generator of corrupt revenues, and its renationalization has concentrated these corrupt incomes in the hands of the security police elite. Russia depends on the European Union for most of its exports and imports, but no free trade agreement is even on the horizon. Investments, by contrast, are relatively well secured through international conventions. In global governance, Russia has changed its attitude from being a joiner to becoming a spoiler. The disruption of supplies of Russian gas to Europe in January 2009 displayed all the shortfalls both of the Russian and Ukrainian gas sectors and of EU policy. The European Union needs to play a more active role. It should monitor gas supplies, production, and storage. It should demand the exclusion of corrupt intermediaries in its gas trade. It should demand that Russia and Ukraine conclude a long- term transit and supply agreement. The European Union should form a proper energy policy, with energy conservation, diversification, unbundling, and increased storage. This is a good time to persuade Russia to ratify the Energy Charter. The European Union should also demand that Ukraine undertake a market-oriented and transparent energy-sector reform.
    [Show full text]
  • The Siloviki in Putin's Russia
    Ian Bremmer and Samuel Charap The Siloviki in Putin’s Russia: Who They Are and What They Want The July 2006 meeting of the Group of Eight (G-8) major indus- trialized nations in St. Petersburg focused the attention of the international media on Russia. On issues ranging from Middle East conflict to energy se- curity, President Vladimir Putin sought to demonstrate that his increasingly self-confident government has earned its seat at the G-8 table. Coverage of the summit focused squarely on Putin—his international priorities, control over domestic politics, personal relationships with other heads of state, and leadership style. These stories created the impression that Putin is Russian politics, reinforcing the view that to understand Putin himself is to under- stand Kremlin policy. Since Putin was named acting president on December 31, 1999, ana- lysts have poured over his personal history, public statements, and writings, confidently forecasting political and economic trends based largely on their interpretations of what they found. Those who portray him as an autocrat underline his KGB background. Others point to his tutelage under former St. Petersburg mayor and liberal reformer Anatoly Sobchak or his preference for pragmatism over ideology. Recently, Western scholars unearthed his doc- toral thesis and used it to explain Russian state involvement in the energy sector.1 President George W. Bush famously contributed to this line of analysis by implying in 2001 that his “sense of the man’s soul” provided a reliable foun- dation for U.S.-Russian relations. Despite its parsimony and popularity, this approach to understanding Kremlin policy, which some have called “Putinol- ogy,” creates a misleading impression of how Russia is ruled.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sources of Post-Soviet Conduct
    FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Russia Political Economy Project THE SOURCES OF POST-SOVIET CONDUCT 1 FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Foreign Policy Research Institute thanks the Carnegie Corporation for its support of the Russia Political Economy Project. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2018 by the Foreign Policy Research Institute December 2018 COVER: Marshal Zhukov monument near Red Square in Moscow, Russia. Source: Adobe Stock FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE MISSION The Foreign Policy Research Institute is dedicated to bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the foreign policy and national security challenges facing the United States. It seeks to educate the public, teach teachers, train students, and offer ideas to advance U.S. national interests based on a nonpartisan, geopolitical perspective that illuminates contemporary international affairs through the lens of history, geography, and culture. EDUCATING THE AMERICAN PUBLIC: FPRI was founded on the premise than an informed and educated citizenry is paramount for the U.S. to conduct a coherent foreign policy. Today, we live in a world of unprecedented complexity and ever-changing threats, and as we make decisions regarding the nation’s foreign policy, the stakes could not be higher. FPRI offers insights to help the public understand this volatile world by publishing research, hosting conferences, and holding dozens of public events and lectures each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Rossiya Bank | Банки.Ру
    6/3/2016 Rossiya bank | Банки.ру Москва EN Наши проекты 3 июня, 18:11 Вход Регистрация Поиск по banki.ru 36% последнее предложение Рейтинг рублевых вкладов Инвестируй в МФО Мани Фанни! от 1 500 Эксклюзивное исследование 000р — осталось 19 дней Банки.ру — май, 2016 БАНКИ СТРАХОВАНИЕ МОБИЛЬНАЯ СВЯЗЬ И ИНТЕРНЕТ НОВОСТИ БАНКИ И КОМПАНИИ ПРОДУКТЫ И УСЛУГИ РЕЙТИНГИ ОБЩЕНИЕ СЕРВИСЫ Все события дня Банки Москвы Вклады Народный рейтинг Форум Кредитные истории Лента новостей Банки России Потребительские кредиты Финансовые Отзывы о банках Перевод с карты на Обзор прессы Микрофинансовые Специальные предложения показатели Вопрос — ответ карту Видео организации Дебетовые карты Кредитные рейтинги «Банк года» 2015 Мои вклады Звезды в банке Национальная система Кредитные карты Служебный рейтинг Друзья банков Денежные переводы платежных карт показать все меню Главная • Банки России Rossiya bank По-русски Name Rossiya Full name Open Joint Stock Company "Bank "Rossiya" Licence 328 | Summary on the Central Bank of Russia Site Ranking Net assets 584 544 280 RUR, tnd, 16th place in Russia, 2nd place in regions on 01.05.2016 г. Net prot 1 010 533 RUR, tnd, 24th place in Russia, 3rd place in regions All indicators ► Headquarter 191124, Saint Petersburg, Rastrelli square, 2, lit. A URL www.abr.ru Banki.ru reference Shared commercial bank Rossiya, which was registered by the State Bank of the USSR, was founded in 1990 with the participation of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The bank has been named Joint Stock Bank Rossiya since 1997. The bank has been close to the political elite not only of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia–US Economic Cooperation in Turbulent Times
    Russia–us ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN TURBULENT TIMES Moscow, March 2019. Russia–US Economic Cooperation in Turbulent Times Moscow, March 2019. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY ALEXANDER SHOKHIN, PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN UNION OF INDUSTRIALISTS AND ENTREPRENEURS and ChaiRman of the BoaRd of tRustees of the Russian-ameRiCan BUSINESS COUNCIL (RABC) Dear friends, U.S.–Russia relations have been very tense in recent years, and this directly affects cooperation in trade, economy and investment. During these difficult times, we believe it a task of utmost importance to find a stable foundation to maintain and develop relations in the future. In order to assess the current status quo and to look for solutions that will put U.S.–Russia relations on an upward trajectory, the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP) and the Russian-American Business Council (RABC) have spearheaded a dialog on lost profits and on opportunities that still remain open for our countries’ businesses. The RSPP and the RABC commissioned a report “Russia-US Economic Cooperation in the Conditions of Uncertainty” prepared by experts from the National Research University Higher School of Economics, the Valdai International Discussion Club and Russia’s leading research centres; this report is intended to serve as grounds for the discussion. On behalf of the RSPP and the RABC, I would like to express my gratitude to everyone who made this report possible: the report’s contributors: Sergei Karaganov, Dean of the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs at the National
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Annual Report About This Report
    2017 Annual Report About this Report Approach to the Report Disclaimer This Annual Report of Sberbank of Russia1 for 2017 (the “Report”) In addition, the Report reflects the contribution that Sberbank has This annual report is prepared by Sberbank and does not represent — in full or in includes the results of Sberbank and its subsidiaries2 for the reporting made to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by part — an offer for sale or issue, an invitation to submit offers for sale or issue, or a period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. the United Nations in 2015 in the document “Transforming Our World: recommendation regarding the purchase, subscription, guarantee of placement, or The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. other acquisition of any shares of Sberbank or any member of Sberbank Group, or • Federal Law “On the Securities Market” No. 39—FZ dated April 22, 1996; any securities representing such shares, or any other securities of said entities and • Federal Law “On Joint Stock Companies” No. 208—FZ dated shall not be interpreted as such; neither this report, any part thereof, nor the fact of December 26, 1995; This Report is prepared in accordance with the Core option its presentation or distribution shall give the grounds for any contract, obligation, or • Bank of Russia Directive “On the Deadlines and Procedure for of the Global Reporting Initiative Standards (GRI Standards). investment decision and shall not be relied upon in connection with any contract, the Preparation and Submission of the Financial Statements of Previous Sberbank reports were prepared “taking into obligation, or investment decision.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Information Space, Russian Scholarship, and Kremlin Controls
    Defence Strategic Communications | Volume 4 | Spring 2018 DOI 10.30966/2018.RIGA.4.5. RUSSIAN INFORMATION SPACE, 133 RUSSIAN SCHOLARSHIP, AND KREMLIN CONTROLS Natalya Kovaleva Abstract Fuelled by Russia’s annexation of Crimea, the question of how authoritarian regimes like Russia seek to influence information domains of foreign states has received unprecedented attention within the disciplines of security and strategic communications. However, we have yet to examine more deeply the Russian conceptualisation of information space and the Kremlin’s ability to exert control over its domestic information domain. The present study contributes toward filling these gaps by providing a more holistic understanding of the term ‘information space’ as it appears in Russian scholarship, and by analyzing the effectiveness of the economic and legal tools used by the Kremlin to establish control over the domestic information space. Ultimately, the study finds that whilst the Kremlin has been able to exert considerable influence over content production and distribution in certain spheres of the broader information space, it clearly enjoys only limited control over the new, increasingly Internet- dominated spaces and environments. Keywords—Russia, information space, internet, media, Russian scholarship, information control Defence Strategic Communications | Volume 4 | Spring 2018 DOI 10.30966/2018.RIGA.4.5. 134 About the Author Natalya Kovaleva is a graduate of King’s College London Department of War Studies. Her current research explores strategic communications, media studies, and information warfare, with particular focus on Russia’s approaches to information warfare. Introduction In the aftermath of Russia’s seizure of Crimea in early 2014, the academic and policy debate around the notion of ‘information warfare’ has received unprecedented attention in the fields of security and strategic communications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Television Industry in the Global Age
    Moscow Goes Hollywood: The Russian Television Industry in the Global Age by Jeffrey R. Brassard A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Alberta © Jeffrey R. Brassard, 2017 Abstract This study examines ways that both authoritarian capitalism and global flows of culture have shaped the Russian television industry. This dissertation explores three main questions: How does the system of state-directed capitalism shape television production, particularly with regards to balancing propaganda and profit? What kinds of representations are possible on television in Russia under authoritarian capitalism? What is the relationship of the Russian television industry with other parts of the global media industry? To explore these questions, this dissertation examines the structure of the Russian television industry with particular attention given to the most important channels and production companies. In all cases, the relationship of these companies to both the Putin-led state and their level of integration with the global television marketplace is examined in-depth. Using a mix of semi-structured interviews with industry workers, analysis of industry trade journals, popular press and textual analysis, this dissertation examines four of the main television stations in the country all of whom have different relationships to the state. I argue that typical accounts of Russian media as merely serving the interests of the state are overly simplistic. The expectation that television channels or production companies linked to the ruling elite create programming that supports the Putin government’s nation-building efforts while commercial stations use their platforms to criticize the status-quo is shown to be erroneous.
    [Show full text]
  • US-Russia Altercation and Implications for India
    [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 US-Russia altercation and implications for India Shilpa Parasrampuria Phd Scholar and visiting faculty at Pundit Deendayal Petroleum University. Received: May 24, 2018 Accepted: July 03, 2018 ABSTRACT The paper attempts to thrown light on the current status of relationship between the dominant power U.S.A. and the emerging energy superpower Russia. U.S. has ushered in a regime of tariffs and sanctions which has widespread global implications. Russia is facing dual threat to its economy in the form of both sanctions as well as tariffs. Since U.S. economy dwarfs the Russian economy the latter is in need of funds and investments from U.S. India has unwittingly got embroiled in the standoff between the U.S. and Russia. Its various international defence and energy engagements are threatened because of the sanctions on Russia. India needs to walk the diplomatic tightrope adroitly to squeeze maximum gains from both its strong allies. India faces the persistent menace of Pakistan and the rising aggressive China in its borders and hence cooperation of both U.S. and Russia is vital for its defence and energy needs. Keywords: Russia, U.S.A., India, Sanctions, CAATSA, Trade. The trade hurricane that President Donald Trump has unleashed on China as well as America’s allies are threatening to disrupt long-standing alliances without any corresponding advantages. President Trump’s policy of imposing tariffs on imported goodsas well as simultaneously making attempts to improve relations with Russia has caused a major upset in global trade and commerce paradigm.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT Vladimir Putin's Big Government and the “Politburo 2.0”
    REPORT Vladimir Putin’s Big Government and the “Politburo 2.0” Minchenko Consulting Communication Group presents the report “Vladimir Putin’s Big Government and the Politburo 2.0”, which is based on the results of an expert survey of more than 60 participants (representatives of the country’s political and business elites). Due to the specific nature of the survey, subject participation was strictly anonymous. The purpose of the survey was to build a consistent model of the informal decision-making system formed following the electoral cycle of 2011-2012, and of making staff decisions concerning the appointment of the new line-up in the Russian Government and the Presidential Executive Office. The report is intended for regional elites, Russian business and foreign investors. The formation of a new executive structure (including the government, the Presidential Executive Office, rotation in the governors’ offices) demonstrated us a new staffing style of Vladimir Putin. The traditional scheme of the “checks and balances” elite system was sophisticated: - A “control unit” that is in fact a back-up structure to the government was created within the Presidential Executive Office; it is represented by assistants to the President and specific administrations controlled by them. It should be noted that thanks to their staff these administrations can compete with ministries and governmental departments on the speed of bureaucratic procedures. There also exist recruitment centers alternative to the Presidential Executive Office [hereinafter – the PEO]. For example, Vladislav Surkov’s team that moved into the government; for now it is forced away from managing the domestic policy but, when necessary, it is ready to resume performing this function; - The President set up a number of new commissions (specifically, commissions for energy and for monitoring the execution of the President’s pre-election promises), which comprise of both ministers and representatives of the PEO.
    [Show full text]
  • International Trade Controls
    E-ALERT |International Trade Controls April 28, 2014 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN SANCTIONS RELATING TO UKRAINE The United States government today imposed sanctions on seven additional senior Russian government officials and 17 additional entities in response to the continuation of the crisis in Ukraine. The individuals targeted include two members of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s inner circle and the President and Chairman of the Management Board of Rosneft Oil, a Russian-state- owned enterprise that is one of the world’s largest publicly traded petroleum companies. Rosneft, however, has not been sanctioned. The entities targeted—which include oil, gas, and construction companies, as well as banks—were all designated as a result of being owned or controlled by previously designated parties. The new sanctions were imposed pursuant to Executive Order 13661, which was signed by President Obama on March 16, 2014 and summarized in our e-alert of March 18, 2014. E.O. 13661 authorizes sanctions on, among others, officials of the Russian Government and any individual or entity that is owned or controlled by, that has acted for or on behalf of, or that has provided material or other support to, a senior Russian government official. In addition to these designations, the U.S. State and Commerce Departments have announced a new policy to deny licenses for exports or reexports to Russia or occupied Crimea of any high-technology items that could contribute to Russia’s military capabilities. Those Departments also will revoke any existing licenses that meet these criteria. Further, the Commerce Department also imposed additional restrictions on 13 of the 17 newly sanctioned entities by naming these companies to its Entity List.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia: Business and State
    ’Ifri ’Ifri _____________________________________________________________________ Russia: Business and State _____________________________________________________________________ Igor Bunin, Alexey Makarkin November 2015 . Russia/NIS Center Ifri is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and interna tionally renowned experts to animate its debates and research activities. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ alone and do not reflect the official views of their institutions. ISBN : 978-2-36567-475-1 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2015 Ifri Ifri-Bruxelles 27, rue de la Procession Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE 1000 – Bruxelles – BELGIQUE Tél. : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tél. : +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax : +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : Ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection of articles dedicated to Russia and the other new independent states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues.
    [Show full text]