DOCSLIB.ORG

A Redescription and Family Placement of Buemarinoa Patrizii Roewer, 1956 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Redescription and Family Placement of Buemarinoa Patrizii Roewer, 1956 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae) Biologia Serbica, 2019, 41(1): 67-77 DOI 10.5281 /zenodo.3373487 Original paper A redescription and family placement of Buemarinoa patrizii Roewer, 1956 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae) Ivo KARAMAN University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia Received: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 26 July 2019 / Published online: 21 August 2019 Summary. Buemarinoa patrizii Roewer, 1956, from a Sardinian Cave and Fumontana deprehendor Shear, 1977, from the Appalachian Region of eastern North America, are closely related and are the only representatives of the temperate Gondwanan family Triaenonychidae in the Northern Hemisphere. Based on their relevant characteristics, these two species, together with Flavonuncia pupila Lawrence, 1959, from Madagascar, are placed into a new tribus Buemarinoini tribus n., which represents an old phyletic lineage. It is a unique case of a phyletic lineage (tribus in this case) with three representatives present on three different continents. The elongated appendages in troglobite Buemarinoa patrizii are not treated as a troglomorphic trait. Elongation of appendages in troglobionts is not an adaptation, but a precondi- tion for settling in a subterranean environment. The main morphological differences of Fumontana deprehendor in comparision with Buemarinoa patrizii are treated as apomorhic. The unique terminal structure of the male copulatory apparatus, which includes a pair of flanking setose arms, a pair of glans glands and bifurcated sperm duct, define the Buemarinoini tribus n. Based on the male penis structure, Buemarinoini tribus n., shows closeness to a complex of spe- cies gathered around the genera Ceratomontia, Austromontia and Monomontia from South Africa and South America. The origin of Buemarinoini must be related to the areas of Northern Gondwana, from where Fumontana penetrated deeper into Laurasia. Lectotypes are designated for Buemarinoa patrizii type material. Key words: amphi-Atlantic, Laurasia, lectotype, new tribus, Northern Gondwana, troglomorphic. INTRODUCTION habitats of the Temperate Zone. They have survived in these areas mainly as relict cryptobionts. Subordo Laniatores is a highly species-rich A disproportional presence of basal groups of Laniato- group of harvestmen with nearly 4,200 described res between Temperate Zones of the Southern and North- species (Kury 2013). Its representatives are most ern Hemisphere is evident. Basal groups of Laniatores in common in the tropics, where they display the the Temperate Zones of Northern Hemisphere include rep- highest level of species diversity. Cyphophthalmi resentatives of the superfamily Travunioidea (Travuniidae, and Palpatores, the remaining two suborders of Cladonychiidae, Paranonychidae and Cryptomastridae), harvestmen, show a somewhat greater diversity the family Phalangodidae and, symbolically, the family Tri- outside the tropics. As for Palpatores, with the ex- aenonychidae; while in the Southern Hemisphere they are ception of the family Sclerosomatidae, its overall represented only by the family Triaenonychidae. Such a pic- diversity is associated with Temperate Zone areas. ture is suggestive, and (among other factors) illustrates the The three suborders share the fact that their basal great age of the family Triaenonychidae. The presence of the groups (early-diverging lineages) are present almost basal groups of subordo Palpatores shows a similar pattern exclusively outside of the tropical belt, in cryophilic of presence, exclusively in habitats of the Temperate Zone. E-mail: [email protected] I. Karaman Fig. 1. Buemarinoa patrizii, paralectotype female 1.4 mm, side view. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm.) Buemarinoa patrizii Roewer, 1956, a little-known cave 1), I observed that it is actually a member of the family Tri- species from Sardinia after its description was mentioned in aenonychidae, close to the species Fumontana deprehendor a few publications, as one of the European representatives Shear, 1977 (Fig. 2), from the Appalachian Region in North of the family Travuniidae (Martens 1978; Kury and Mendes America, which is the only representative of this Gondwa- 2007; Kury et al. 2014), in which Roewer originally placed it. nan family in the Northern Hemisphere. The unique char- Recently, Derkarabetian et al. (2018) classified this species acteristics of these two species are reflected in the specific in the Laurasian family Cladonychiidae. Kury and Mendes and complex structure of the male copulatory apparatus. A (2007) expressed doubts about the status of the genus Bue- similar penis structure is present in the species Flavonuncia marinoa, but not about its family affiliation. In all of these pupila Lawrence, 1959, from Madagascar. All three species important monographs and studies, which mentioned or based on this important and most indicative character stand briefly referred to B. patrizii, a mistake has clearly been in contrast to all other species in the family Triaenonychidae. made, because it was not possible to recognize the family The family Triaenonychidae is not clearly defined. The affiliation of the species without insight into the actual speci- reasons for this have been elaborated in detail by Hunt and mens. Indeed, the original description of this species did not Hickman (1993), and have been attributed to the fact that significantly differentiate it from other travuniids, as explic- it is an extremely old group and an old diversification. Al- itly stated in the diagnosis of the genus. Also, a significant most all species of Triaenonychidae have limited distribution, mistake in the description, where the typical triaenonychid which best illustrates their relic character. type of the posterior leg claws in this species was listed as Actual division of the family is based on the structure peltonychium type, appears to have misled the above listed of the sterna and tarsal claws of the hind legs, homoplastic authors. The great taxonomic significance that was previously characters which are variable at all taxonomic levels. Because attributed to this character could have been earlier identified, of this, many authors expressed doubts about the validity of if it had been correctly interpreted, enabling experts to study the division (Forster 1954; Maury 1988; Hunt and Hickman this species in more details. In addition to these missteps, 1993). However, division of the family into four subfamilies placement with the above mentioned families was considered is still in use (Kury et al. 2014; Kury 2018): Triaenonychi- to be “logical”, given the geographical position of Sardinia. nae Sørensen, 1886 (South Africa, Madagascar, New Zea- This must have had a significant effect on speculations con- land, Tasmania, Australia, South America, New Caledonia, cerning species placement, which failed to take into account Eastern North America); Adaeinae Pocock, 1902 (South the highly complex biogeography of the Mediterranean and Africa and Western Australia); Triaenobuninae Pocock, its limitrophic regions. 1902 (Tasmania, Southeast Australia, New Zealand, South Examining type specimens of Buemarinoa patrizii (Fig. America, Madagascar) and Soerensenellinae Forster, 1954 68 Biologia Serbica 41 A redescription and family placement of Buemarinoa patrizii Roewer, 1956 (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae) Fig. 2. Fumontana deprehendor, male 1.65 mm, side view. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm.) (New Zealand and South Africa). Species of the New Zealand MATERIALS AND METHODS monotypic family Synthetonychiidae differ from Triaenony- chidae by their unusual appearance, but not in other relevant Photographs of habitus morphology as well some de- characters. Therefore, some authors have expressed doubts tails (pedipalps, ocular tubercle) were taken using a Leica about the validity of its existence (Martens 1986; Hunt and M205C stereo microscope equipped with a Leica DFC290 Hickman 1993). HD digital camera. Final images were taken at different focal A comprehensive revision of Triaenonychidae is clearly planes and combined using Leica Application Suite V4.11 necessary, in order for species of this family to be grouped software. Photographs from slides were taken using a Zeiss into subfamilies that are based on real phyletic relation- Axio Imager A1 compound microscope equipped with an ships and valid characters. Unfortunately, this is currently AxioCam MRc5 digital camera. Final images were taken not the case. Therefore, I am placing genera Buemarinoa, at different focal planes and combined using Helicon focus Fumontana and Flavonuncia provisionally into the sub- stacking software. Drawings were made in Adobe Illustrator family Triaenonychinae, as nominal one of the established CS2 on a Genius EasyPen M610X graphics tablet. Dissected subfamilies, and because Fumontana and Flavonuncia had parts were mounted on slides in glycerol. After glycerol the been already placed in it by their authors. To emphasize the ovipositor and penises were temporary mounted on slides in phyletic proximity of these three geographically very distant Faure’s mounting medium (40 g chloral hydrate, 10 g gum genera, I decided, although it is not common practice in the Arabic; 5 g glycerin, 5 g glacial acetic acid, 5 g glucose, and classification of Opiliones, to establish for them a new tribe distilled water). - the Buemarinonini tribus n. For comparison a male specimen of Fumontana dep- rehendor from USA (Tennessee, Cocke Co, road to Cosby Campground, 27. 08. 2005, leg. M. Hedin et al.) has been
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cryptic Species Delimitation in the Southern Appalachian Antrodiaetus
    Cryptic species delimitation in the southern Appalachian Antrodiaetus unicolor (Araneae: Antrodiaetidae) species complex using a 3RAD approach Lacie Newton1, James Starrett1, Brent Hendrixson2, Shahan Derkarabetian3, and Jason Bond4 1University of California Davis 2Millsaps College 3Harvard University 4UC Davis May 5, 2020 Abstract Although species delimitation can be highly contentious, the development of reliable methods to accurately ascertain species boundaries is an imperative step in cataloguing and describing Earth's quickly disappearing biodiversity. Spider species delimi- tation remains largely based on morphological characters; however, many mygalomorph spider populations are morphologically indistinguishable from each other yet have considerable molecular divergence. The focus of our study, Antrodiaetus unicolor species complex which contains two sympatric species, exhibits this pattern of relative morphological stasis with considerable genetic divergence across its distribution. A past study using two molecular markers, COI and 28S, revealed that A. unicolor is paraphyletic with respect to A. microunicolor. To better investigate species boundaries in the complex, we implement the cohesion species concept and employ multiple lines of evidence for testing genetic exchangeability and ecological interchange- ability. Our integrative approach includes extensively sampling homologous loci across the genome using a RADseq approach (3RAD), assessing population structure across their geographic range using multiple genetic clustering analyses that include STRUCTURE, PCA, and a recently developed unsupervised machine learning approach (Variational Autoencoder). We eval- uate ecological similarity by using large-scale ecological data for niche-based distribution modeling. Based on our analyses, we conclude that this complex has at least one additional species as well as confirm species delimitations based on previous less comprehensive approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stable Phylogenomic Classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) Based on Sequence Capture of Ultraconserved Elements
    A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Derkarabetian, Shahan, James Starrett, Nobuo Tsurusaki, Darrell Ubick, Stephanie Castillo, and Marshal Hedin. 2018. “A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements.” ZooKeys (760): 1-36. doi:10.3897/zookeys.760.24937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24937. Published Version doi:10.3897/zookeys.760.24937 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37298544 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 760: 1–36 (2018) A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.760.24937 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements Shahan Derkarabetian1,2,7 , James Starrett3, Nobuo Tsurusaki4, Darrell Ubick5, Stephanie Castillo6, Marshal Hedin1 1 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomically Modern Carboniferous Harvestmen Demonstrate Early Cladogenesis and Stasis in Opiliones
    ARTICLE Received 14 Feb 2011 | Accepted 27 Jul 2011 | Published 23 Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1458 Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones Russell J. Garwood1, Jason A. Dunlop2, Gonzalo Giribet3 & Mark D. Sutton1 Harvestmen, the third most-diverse arachnid order, are an ancient group found on all continental landmasses, except Antarctica. However, a terrestrial mode of life and leathery, poorly mineralized exoskeleton makes preservation unlikely, and their fossil record is limited. The few Palaeozoic species discovered to date appear surprisingly modern, but are too poorly preserved to allow unequivocal taxonomic placement. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous (~305 Myr) of France. The resulting computer models allow the first phylogenetic analysis of any Palaeozoic Opiliones, explicitly resolving both specimens as members of different extant lineages, and providing corroboration for molecular estimates of an early Palaeozoic radiation within the order. Furthermore, remarkable similarities between these fossils and extant harvestmen implies extensive morphological stasis in the order. Compared with other arachnids—and terrestrial arthropods generally—harvestmen are amongst the first groups to evolve fully modern body plans. 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde at the Humboldt University Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R.J.G. (email: [email protected]) and for phylogenetic analysis, G.G. (email: [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers
    _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2007___________ I MUNIS ENTOMOLOGY & ZOOLOGY Ankara / Turkey II _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2007___________ Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology publishes a wide variety of papers on all aspects of Entomology and Zoology from all of the world, including mainly studies on systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, fauna, biogeography, biodiversity, ecology, morphology, behavior, conservation, pa!eobiology and other aspects are appropriate topics for papers submitted to Munis Entomology & Zoology. Submission of Manuscripts: Works published or under consideration elsewhere (including on the internet) will not be accepted. At first submission, one double spaced hard copy (text and tables) with figures (may not be original) must be sent to the Editors, Dr. Hüseyin Özdikmen for publication in MEZ. All manuscripts should be submitted as Word file or PDF file in an e-mail attachment. If electronic submission is not possible due to limitations of electronic space at the sending or receiving ends, unavailability of e-mail, etc., we will accept ―hard‖ versions, in triplicate, accompanied by an electronic version stored in a floppy disk, a CD-ROM. Review Process: When submitting manuscripts, all authors provides the name, of at least three qualified experts (they also provide their address, subject fields and e-mails). Then, the editors send to experts to review the papers. The review process should normally be completed within 45-60 days. After reviewing papers by reviwers: Rejected papers are discarded. For accepted papers, authors are asked to modify their papers according to suggestions of the reviewers and editors. Final versions of manuscripts and figures are needed in a digital format.
    [Show full text]
  • California Academy of Sciences
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE Jochen Martens California Academy of Sciences No. 90, 43 pages, 128 figures, 5 maps. THE HARVESTMEN OF FAMILY TRIAENONYCHIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA (Opiliones) COMMITTEE ON PUBLICAnON GEORGE E. LINDSAY, Chairman EDWARD L. KESSEL, Editor LEO G. HERTLEIN By Thomas S. .Briggs SAN FRANCISCO PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY November 12, 1971 OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE California Academy of Sciences No. 90, 43 pages, 128 figures,S maps. The Harvestmen of Family Triaenoychidae in North America (Opiliones) By Thomas S. Briggs Galileo High School Lux Laboratory, San Francisco Field Associate, California Academy of Sciences INTRODUCTION Several recent collecting trips to the Pacific Northwest revealed a large number of unusual'phalangids, mostly in the family Triaenonychidae Soerensen. The morphological char­ acters of this family are expanded and clarified by the new series and will be of value in determining phalangid evolu­ tion. A significant correlation between undisturbed forest habitat and these phalangids exists. The order Phalangida is divided into three suborders, the mite-like phalangids in Cyphothalmida, the typical "daddy­ long-legs" in Palpatores, and the indolent, shorter-legged phalangids in Laniatores. Of the Laniatores, Triaenonychidae is one of the most widespread families. Found in temperate forests throughout the Southern Hemisphere, this family makes a northern. appearance in the forests of western North America with no known representatives in the tropics. The Triaenony­ chid habitat in North America, except for cavernicolous spe­ cies, is in coniferous forests which have rather cold, moist winters. DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMY Early work in this family was compiled and organized by C. Roewer in his book "Die Weberknechte der Erde" published in 1923.
    [Show full text]
  • The Disjunct Pattern of the Neotropical Harvestman Discocyrtus Dilatatus (Gonyleptidae) Explained by Climate-Driven Range Shifts
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The disjunct pattern of the Neotropical harvestman Discocyrtus dilatatus (Gonyleptidae) explained by climate-driven range shifts in the Quaternary: Paleodistributional and molecular evidence Julia Vergara1,2³*, Luis E. Acosta1,2³*, RauÂl E. GonzaÂlez-Ittig1,3, Luis M. Vaschetto1,2, a1111111111 Cristina N. Gardenal1,3 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Instituto de Diversidad y EcologõÂa Animal (IDEA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de CoÂrdoba, Argentina, 2 CaÂtedra de Diversidad Animal I, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FõÂsicas y Naturales, U. N. C., CoÂrdoba, a1111111111 Argentina, 3 CaÂtedra de GeneÂtica de Poblaciones y EvolucioÂn, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FõÂsicas y a1111111111 Naturales, U. N. C., CoÂrdoba, Argentina ³ JV and LEA are joint senior authors on this work. * [email protected] (LA); [email protected] (JV) OPEN ACCESS Citation: Vergara J, Acosta LE, GonzaÂlez-Ittig RE, Abstract Vaschetto LM, Gardenal CN (2017) The disjunct pattern of the Neotropical harvestman Discocyrtus The disjunct distribution of the harvestman Discocyrtus dilatatus (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) dilatatus (Gonyleptidae) explained by climate- is used as a case study to test the hypothesis of a trans-Chaco Pleistocene paleobridge dur- driven range shifts in the Quaternary: ing range expansion stages. This would have temporarily connected humid regions (`Meso- Paleodistributional and molecular evidence. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187983. https://doi.org/10.1371/ potamia' in northeastern Argentina, and the `Yungas' in the northwest, NWA) in the journal.pone.0187983 subtropical and temperate South American lowlands. The present study combines two inde- Editor: William Oki Wong, Indiana University pendent approaches: paleodistributional reconstruction, using the Species Distribution Bloomington, UNITED STATES Modeling method MaxEnt and projection onto Quaternary paleoclimates (6 kya, 21 kya, 130 Received: June 16, 2017 kya), and phylogeographic analyses based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I molecular marker.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History and Molecular Species Delimitation of A…
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 77 Autor(en)/Author(s): Cruz-Lopez Jesus A., Monjaraz-Ruedas Rodrigo, Francke Oscar F. Artikel/Article: Turning to the dark side: Evolutionary history and molecular species delimitation of a troglomorphic lineage of armoured harvestman (Opiliones: Stygnopsidae) 285-302 77 (2): 285 – 302 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. Turning to the dark side: Evolutionary history and mole­ cular species delimitation of a troglomorphic lineage of armoured harvestman (Opiliones: Stygnopsidae) , 1, 2 1, 2 2 Jesús A. Cruz­López* , Rodrigo Monjaraz­Ruedas & Oscar F. Francke 1 Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico; Jesús A. Cruz-López [[email protected]] — 2 Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 3er circuito exterior s/n. Apartado postal 70-153. C.P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico — * Corresponding author Accepted on April 18, 2019. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on September 17, 2019. Published in print on September 27, 2019. Editors in charge: Lorenzo Prendini & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. From a biological point of view, caves are one of the most exciting environments on Earth, considered as evolutionary laborato- ries due to the adaptive traits (troglomorphisms) usually exhibited by the fauna that inhabit them. Among Opiliones, the family Stygnopsi- dae contains cave-inhabiting members who exhibit some degree of troglomorphic characters, such as Minisge gen.n., a lineage formed by two new troglomorphic species from the Huautla Cave System, Oaxaca, Mexico, one of the deepest and most complex cave systems in the World.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetics of the Giant Red Centipede Along the Appalachian Mountains.Pdf
    POPULATION GENETICS OF THE GIANT RED CENTIPEDE ALONG THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS by Kayla Elayne Ladner A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford December 2017 Approved By Advisor: Dr. Ryan Garrick Reader: Dr. Rebecca Symula Reader: Dr. Sarah Liljegren © 2017 Kayla Elayne Ladner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED !ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Ryan Garrick for his guidance in the laboratory and in the classroom. Because of him I have a greater appreciation and understanding for the impacts of biological research in our society. I would also like to thank Dr. Rebecca Symula for encouraging me to participate in research within my major field of study, without whose initial support, I would have missed out on a big part of my undergraduate career. Finally, I would like to thank everyone in the Garrick Lab for being patient with me as I learned how to do independent research and for always celebrating my successes and encouraging me when I was defeated. !iii ABSTRACT KAYLA ELAYNE LADNER: Population Genetics of the Giant Red Centipede along the Appalachian Mountains (Under the direction of Dr. Ryan Garrick) This study focused on population genetics of the giant red centipede, Scolopocryptops sexpinousus, in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Two genetic markers were used—the mitochondrial COI gene, and the nuclear RNA Polymerase II gene. The goal of this study was to determine how many genetically distinct populations of this invertebrate species exist within the study area, and to understand the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Beck's Desert Scorpion
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (2013) 502–513 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeography of Beck’s Desert Scorpion, Paruroctonus becki, reveals Pliocene diversification in the Eastern California Shear Zone and postglacial expansion in the Great Basin Desert ⇑ Matthew R. Graham a, , Jef R. Jaeger a, Lorenzo Prendini b, Brett R. Riddle a a School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA b Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA article info abstract Article history: The distribution of Beck’s Desert Scorpion, Paruroctonus becki (Gertsch and Allred, 1965), spans the Received 12 November 2012 ‘warm’ Mojave Desert and the western portion of the ‘cold’ Great Basin Desert. We used genetic analyses Revised 10 July 2013 and species distribution modeling to test whether P. becki persisted in the Great Basin Desert during the Accepted 29 July 2013 Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), or colonized the area as glacial conditions retreated and the climate Available online 9 August 2013 warmed. Phylogenetic and network analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1), 16S rDNA, and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) DNA sequences uncovered five geographically-structured Keywords: groups in P. becki with varying degrees of statistical support. Molecular clock estimates and the geograph- Biogeography ical arrangement of three of the groups suggested that Pliocene geological events in the tectonically Basin and range COI dynamic Eastern California Shear Zone may have driven diversification by vicariance.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Program (.PDF)
    48th Annual Meeting of the American Arachnological Society 16-20 June 2019 Lexington, Virginia Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 1 Venue and Town ................................................................................................................. 1 Emergency Contacts .......................................................................................................... 2 American Arachnological Society Code of Professional Conduct ............................. 3 MEETING SCHEDULE IN BRIEF ....................................................................................... 4 MEETING SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................ 6 POSTER TITLES AND AUTHORS ................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACTS ...................................................................................................................... 18 ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS ..................................................................................... 19 POSTER ABSTRACTS ............................................................................................................... 47 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS ...................................................................................... 63 Acknowledgements This meeting was made possible by the enthusiastic support of numerous people. We are especially grateful
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Fumontana Deprehendor Shear
    Zootaxa 1242: 21–36 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1242 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Natural history and distribution of the enigmatic southern Appalachian opilionid, Fumontana deprehendor Shear (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae), with an assessment of morphological variation STEVEN M. THOMAS1* & MARSHAL HEDIN2 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-4614, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] *Corresponding author Abstract The opilionid species Fumontana deprehendor Shear, 1977 (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae) represents a monotypic genus, previously known from only four specimens collected at two published localities, both old-growth forest sites in the southern Appalachian mountains. In an effort to increase the biogeographic and taxonomic information available for this phylogenetically and morphologically unique opilionid, we undertook a focused sampling effort throughout the southern Appalachians. These field efforts uncovered both more individuals (n = 141) and a broader distributional range (22 newly-discovered populations) for this monotypic genus. Examination of both somatic and penis morphology reveals little geographic variation across spatially disjunct populations. Our results provide a new perspective on conservation priorities for F. deprehendor. Rather than representing a single, hyper-rare taxon of limited distribution, our data suggest a broader distribution across the uplands of the southern Appalachians. We recommend that conservation attention be focused on learning more about the distribution, biology and relative rarity of F. deprehendor in the smaller, geographically isolated units. Key words: Appalachian mountains, Opiliones, cryophilic arthropod, cryptic species Introduction The opilionid species Fumontana deprehendor (Laniatores: Triaenonychidae) was once believed to be one of the rarest opilionids in North America (Shear 1977, 1978).
    [Show full text]
  • Opiliones, Laniatores) from Montane Western North America
    Repeated and Time-Correlated Morphological Convergence in Cave-Dwelling Harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) from Montane Western North America Shahan Derkarabetian1, David B. Steinmann2, Marshal Hedin1* 1 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado, United States of America Abstract Background: Many cave-dwelling animal species display similar morphologies (troglomorphism) that have evolved convergent within and among lineages under the similar selective pressures imposed by cave habitats. Here we study such ecomorphological evolution in cave-dwelling Sclerobuninae harvestmen (Opiliones) from the western United States, providing general insights into morphological homoplasy, rates of morphological change, and the temporal context of cave evolution. Methodology/Principal Findings: We gathered DNA sequence data from three independent gene regions, and combined these data with Bayesian hypothesis testing, morphometrics analysis, study of penis morphology, and relaxed molecular clock analyses. Using multivariate morphometric analysis, we find that phylogenetically unrelated taxa have convergently evolved troglomorphism; alternative phylogenetic hypotheses involving less morphological convergence are not supported by Bayesian hypothesis testing. In one instance, this morphology is found in specimens from a high-elevation stony debris habitat, suggesting that troglomorphism can evolve in non-cave habitats. We discovered a strong positive relationship between troglomorphy index and relative divergence time, making it possible to predict taxon age from morphology. Most of our time estimates for the origin of highly-troglomorphic cave forms predate the Pleistocene. Conclusions/Significance: While several regions in the eastern and central United States are well-known hotspots for cave evolution, few modern phylogenetic studies have addressed the evolution of cave-obligate species in the western United States.
    [Show full text]