Part 2 Physical Hazards

PART 2

CHAPTER 2.1

EXPLOSIVES

2.1.1 Definitions and general considerations

... n o tnc (o t) is a solid or liuid substance (or mixture of substances) which is in itself capable b chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings. rotechnic substances are included een when the do not eole gases.

otcnc tnc (o t) is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect b heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these as the result of nondetonatie selfsustaining exothermic chemical reactions.

n o tc is an article containing one or more explosie substances or mixtures.

otcnc tc is an article containing one or more protechnic substances or mixtures.

... he class of explosies comprises

(a) xplosie substances and mixtures;

(b) xplosie articles, except deices containing explosie substances or mixtures in such uantit or of such a character that their inadertent or accidental ignition or initiation shall not cause an effect external to the deice either b proection, fire, smoke, heat or loud noise; and

(c) Substances, mixtures and articles not mentioned under (a) and (b) aboe which are manufactured with the iew to producing a practical explosie or protechnic effect.

2.1.2 Classification criteria

... Substances, mixtures and articles of this class, which are not classified as an unstable explosie, are assigned to one of the following six diisions depending on the tpe of hazard the present

(a) iision . Substances, mixtures and articles which hae a mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire uantit present irtuall instantaneousl);

(b) iision . Substances, mixtures and articles which hae a proection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard;

(c) iision . Substances, mixtures and articles which hae a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor proection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard

(i) combustion of which gies rise to considerable radiant heat; or

(ii) which burn one after another, producing minor blast or proection effects or both;

(d) iision . Substances, mixtures and articles which present no significant hazard substances, mixtures and articles which present onl a small hazard in the eent of ignition or initiation. he effects are largel confined to the package and no proection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. n external fire shall not cause irtuall instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package;

(e) iision . er insensitie substances or mixtures which hae a mass explosion hazard 2.1.3 Hazard communication substances and mixtures which hae a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitie that there is er little probabilit of initiation or of transition from eneral and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are proided in d burning to detonation under normal conditions; concton n (hapter .). nnex contains summar tables about classification and labelling. nnex contains examples of precautionar statements and pictograms which can be used where allowed b the competent (f) iision . xtremel insensitie articles which do not hae a mass explosion hazard authorit. articles which predominantl contain extremel insensitie substances or mixtures and which demonstrate a negligible probabilit of accidental initiation Table 2.1.2: Label elements for explosives or propagation. Unstable Division Division Division Division Division Division ... xplosies, which are not classified as an unstable explosie, are classified in one of the six diisions Explosive 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 aboe based on est Series to in art of the condton on t not o no ood n Symbol xploding xploding xploding xploding xploding . on orange . on orange o t nd t according to the following table bomb bomb bomb bomb bomb; backgrounda backgrounda o Table 2.1.1: Criteria for explosives . on orange backgrounda Category Criteria Signal anger anger anger anger arning anger o n a Unstable explosives or explosies of iisions . to ., the following are the core set of tests that need to be word od or explosives of performed Hazard nstable xplosie; xplosie; xplosie; ire or a mass o d Division 1.1 to 1.6 xplosibilit according to est Series (Section of the condton on statement xplosie mass seere fire, blast or proection explode in fire ttnt t not o no ood n o t nd t). explosion proection proection hazard b ntentional explosies are not subect to est Series . hazard hazard hazard.

Sensitieness according to est Series (Section of the condton on a to tnc t nd tc ct to o to o ( tnot) t not o no ood n o t nd t). ncd o o o cd n cn ot tn t on o hermal according to est (c) (Subsection .. of the cn t oon nt stabilit condton on t not o no ood n o t nd t). () o odn o urther tests are necessar to allocate the correct iision. () n od: “Danger”; and (c) d ttnt: “explosive; mass explosion hazard” a nt o to c t nt ndo too nt o no ndn tnot nd c cton nc n t d on to coond to on o t d cto n t n c c b co tnc t nd tc c nctd t to odcn ctc t coondn o n od ndo t d ttnt nd o o otcnc ct tnc nd t d t ot t n t n t cton o o tnc o t n cd o nd tc cd nd don to t condton on t not o no ood n o t nd t c td nd o o to o t ddd nto cott o to to dtn tcnc o ccton o (d on nt t n t n t cton o t nt ( condton on t not o no ood od ton t ) condton on t not o no ood n o t nd t) t o ot od nod o t ntnc o ot c t to condd o o o tnc nd t ttd t t o coo dtd t ot tnc ndn – c t tnc o t od o t cn o cd – nd o to o o dod o ndd n t o ot d tnc to o dc t o ot t on t o ot o t tnc o t od conctd n cton (d cnddt o ccton dntd o ( t ) o ttd dnt o o dntcton) nd cton (c nd cc ot) o t t t t n ccodnc t tnc nd t ( dntd o) o o to o ( tnot) nd ot cton o t t t t ot

o ccton tt on od tnc o t t tt od od on t tnc 2.1.4 Decision logic and guidance o t ntd o o t o o o tnot t cc to ntd n c o dnt o tt c ttd nd c condd to t t t onc n he decision logic and guidance, which follow, are not part of the harmonized classification sstem, ccton tt t tnc o t t o ttd n t n o but hae been proided here as additional guidance. t is strongl recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic.

2.1.4.1 ecision loic

he classification of substances, mixtures and articles in the class of explosies and further allocation to a diision is a er complex, three step procedure. eference to art o t condton on t not o no ood, n o t nd t is necessar. he first step is to ascertain whether the substance or mixture has explosie effects (est Series ). he second step is the acceptance procedure (est Series to ) and the third step is the assignment to a hazard diision (est Series to ). he assessment whether a candidate for “ammonium nitrate emulsion or suspension or gel, intermediate for blasting explosives (ANE)” is insensitive enough for inclusion as an oxidizing liuid (hapter .) or an oxidizing solid (hapter .) is answered b est Series tests. he classification procedure is according to the following decision logics (see igures .. to ..).

2.1.4.1 ecision loic

Figure 2.1.1: Overall scheme of the procedure for classifying a substance, mixture or article in the class of Figure 2.1.2: Procedure for provisional acceptance of a substance, mixture or article in the class of explosives explosives (Class 1 for transport) (Class 1 for transport) Footnote*

ANE, E AE AAN

AEANE EE

A A AN NAE EE EE Not an explosive

A A AN EE

AA N A ANEN ANEN

N A , , , , or A, , , , E, , , , , , , N or

AAN E

Figure 2.1.2: Procedure for provisional acceptance of a substance, mixture or article in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) Footnote*

or lassiiaion prposes sar ih es series

Figure 2.1.3: Procedure for assignment to a division in the class of explosives (Class 1 for transport) 1 Figure 2.1.4: Procedure for the classification of ammonium nitrate emulsion, suspension or gel (ANE)

ARTICLE OR SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE PROVISIONALLYACCEPTED IN THIS CLASS (from figure 2.1.2) E EE

Is Is the Package E (a) the article No substance/mixture No the hermal stabilit test No a candidate for a candidate for TEST SERIES 6 substance/ s the substanemixture lassif as unstable explosive Division 1.6 Division 1.5 mixture ? ? thermall Yes stable Is the Yes result a mass Yes explosion ? TEST SERIES 7 TEST SERIES 5 es No

Is the major hazard that Yes E (b) Is it an from dangerous ubstanemixture to be onsidered for lassifiation as an No ANE arge sale gap test extremely insensitive Is it a very projections es explosive other than as an unstable explosive s the substanemixture too sensitive article? insensitive explosive ? f the anser to the uestion is it a ver insensitive explosive to sho to be aepted as an substance/mixture with No substanemixture ith a mass explosion haard in figure Yes a mass explosion No oxidiing liuid or an Yes is no , the substanemixture shall be lassified in ivision hazard? Is oxidiing the major hazard radiant heat solid No and/or violent burning but with no dangerous blast or projection hazard No Would ? the hazard hinder fire-fighting in the Yes ubstanemixture to be onsidered for lassifiation as an immediate vicinity Yes E () ? explosive of ivision , proeed ith est eries oenen test es f the anser to the uestion is it a ver insensitive explosive No s the substanemixture substanemixture ith a mass explosion haard in figure too sensitive to the effet of is es , the substanemixture shall be lassified in ivision intensive heat under No Does if the anser is no the substanemixture shall be lassified in special provision 347 onfinement apply?1 ivision

Yes No Are there No hazardous effects ANE substanemixture shall be lassified as a outside the package? ategor oxidiing liuid or a ategor Is the oxidiing solid (hapters and ) substance/mixture No or article manufactured Yes with the view of producing a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect ?

Yes Is the product Yes an article excluded by definition? (see 2.1.1.2(b))

DIVISION 1.4 DIVISION 1.4 NOT AN DIVISION DIVISION Compatibility DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION EXPLOSIVE Compatibility groups 1.6 1.5 group S other than S 1.3 1.2 1.1

E EE

E (a) hermal stabilit test No s the substanemixture lassif as unstable explosive thermall stable

E (b) ubstanemixture to be onsidered for lassifiation as an ANE arge sale gap test es explosive other than as an unstable explosive s the substanemixture too sensitive f the anser to the uestion is it a ver insensitive explosive to sho to be aepted as an substanemixture ith a mass explosion haard in figure oxidiing liuid or an is no , the substanemixture shall be lassified in ivision oxidiing solid

ubstanemixture to be onsidered for lassifiation as an E () explosive of ivision , proeed ith est eries oenen test es f the anser to the uestion is it a ver insensitive explosive s the substanemixture substanemixture ith a mass explosion haard in figure too sensitive to the effet of is es , the substanemixture shall be lassified in ivision intensive heat under if the anser is no the substanemixture shall be lassified in onfinement ivision

ANE substanemixture shall be lassified as a ategor oxidiing liuid or a ategor oxidiing solid (hapters and )

2.1.4.2 iance d or ixtures of inoranic oxidizin substances ith oranic aterials the concentration of the inoranic oxidizin substance is: Explosive properties are assoiated ith the presene of ertain hemial groups in a moleule hih an reat to produe ver rapid inreases in temperature or pressure he sreening proedure is aimed at identifing the less than b ass if the oxidizin substance is assined to ateor or presene of suh reative groups and the potential for rapid energ release f the sreening proedure identifies the less than b ass if the oxidizin substance is assined to ateor substane or mixture to be a potential explosive, the aeptane proedure (see setion of the eommendaions on he ranspor o Dangeros oods anal o ess and rieria) has to be performed n the case of ixtures containin an non explosives the acceptance procedure has to be perfored : eiher a eries pe a propagaion o deonaion es nor a eries pe a es o sensiivi o deonaive sho is reired i he exohermi deomposiion energ o organi maerials is less han g or organi ssanes and mixres o organi ssanes ih a deomposiion energ o g or more ess a and a need no e perormed i he oome o he allisi morar d es or he allisi morar es or he razl es ih iniiaion a sandard o deonaor see ppendix o he anal o ess and rieria is “no”. In this case, the results of test 1 a and (a) are deemed to be “”.

The acceptance procedure for the hazard class “explosives” need not be applied if:

(a) here are no hemial groups assoiated ith explosive properties present in the moleule Examples of groups hih ma indiate explosive properties are given in able A in Appendix of the eommendaions on he ranspor o Dangeros oods anal o ess and rieria or

(b) he substane ontains hemial groups assoiated ith explosive properties hih inlude oxgen and the alulated oxgen balane is less than

he oxgen balane is alulated for the hemial reation

x x ()()  x ()

using the formula

oxgen balane x () moleular eight

() or an organi substane, or a homogenous mixture of organi substanes, ontaining a hemial group (or groups) assoiated ith explosive properties

– the exothermi deomposition energ is less than g, or

– the onset of exothermi deomposition is or above

as indiated b able

Table 2.1.3: Decision to apply the acceptance procedure for the hazard class “Explosives” for an organic substance or a homogenous mixture of organic substances eomposition eomposition onset Appl aeptane energ temperature proedure (g) () (esNo) No ≥ 500 No ≥ 500 es ≥ 500 ≥ 500 No

he exothermi deomposition energ ma be determined using a suitable alorimetri tehniue (see setion of the eommendaions on he ranspor o Dangeros oods anal o ess and rieria) or

The acceptance procedure for the hazard class “explosives” need not be applied if:

(b) he substane ontains hemial groups assoiated ith explosive properties hih inlude oxgen and the alulated oxgen balane is less than

he oxgen balane is alulated for the hemial reation

x x ()()  x () using the formula oxgen balane x () moleular eight

() or an organi substane, or a homogenous mixture of organi substanes, ontaining a hemial group (or groups) assoiated ith explosive properties

– the exothermi deomposition energ is less than g, or

– the onset of exothermi deomposition is or above as indiated b able

he exothermi deomposition energ ma be determined using a suitable alorimetri tehniue (see setion of the eommendaions on he ranspor o Dangeros oods anal o ess and rieria) or

- 51 -

TE 2.2

E E

2.2.1 Definitions

flammable as is a as havin a flaable rane ith air at and a standard pressure of a

rohoric as is a flaable as that is liable to inite spontaneousl in air at a teperature of or belo

chemicall unstable as is a flaable as that is able to react explosivel even in the absence of air or oxen

2.2.2 lassification criteria

flaable as is classified in in ateor or accordin to the folloin table laable ases that are prophoric andor cheicall unstable are alas classified in ateor

Table 2.2.1: riteria for cateorisation of flaable ases

ateory riteria ases hich at and a standard pressure of a: a are initable hen in a ixture of or less b volue in air or laable as b have a flaable rane ith air of at least percentae points reardless of the loer flaabilit liit unless data sho the eet the criteria for ateor 1 yrophoric as laable ases that inite spontaneousl in air at a teperature of or belo laable ases hich are cheicall unstable at and a standard pressure of heically a unstable as laable ases hich are cheicall unstable at a teperature reater than andor a pressure reater than a ases hich eet the flaabilit criteria for ateor but hich are not prophoric nor cheicall unstable and hich have at least either: 1 laable as a a loer flaabilit liit of ore than b volue in air or b a fundaental burnin velocit of less than cs ases other than those of ateor or hich at and a standard 2 laable as pressure of a have a flaable rane hile ixed in air

mmonia and methl bromide ma be rearded as secial cases for some reulator uroses.

erosols should not be classified as flammable ases. ee hater ..

In the absence of data alloin classification into ateor 1, a flammable as that meets the criteria for ateor 1 is classified er default in ateor 1.

ontaneous inition for rohoric ases is not alas immediate, and there ma be a dela.

In the absence of data on its rohoricit, a flammable as miture should be classified as a rohoric as if it contains more than 1 (b olume) of rohoric comonent(s).

2.2.3 azard counication ecision loic ootnote1 eneral and specific considerations concernin labellin reuireents are provided in aard communication abellin hapter nnex contains suar tables about classification and labellin nnex The substanceixture is a as contains exaples of precautionar stateents and pictoras hich can be used here alloed b the copetent authorit

Table 2.2.2: abel eleents for flaable ases oes it have a flaable rane ith air at and o ot classified a standard pressure of a as a flaable as ateory 1 ases cateorized as 1 by eetin ateory 1 ateory 2 pyrophoric or unstable as criteria es yrophoric as heically unstable as ateory ateory oes it inite spontaneousl in air at or belo ateor ybol lae lae lae lae lae o smbol rophoric as and inal ord aner aner aner aner aner arnin es cheicall unstable as azard xtreel xtreel xtreel xtreel laable as laable as stateent flaable as flaable as flaable as flaable as s it cheicall unstable at and a inite a react a react a standard pressure of a es aner spontaneousl if explosivel even explosivel even exposed to air in the absence of in the absence of air air at elevated pressure andor o teperature ateor rophoric as and f a flaable as or as ixture is classified as prophoric andor cheicall unstable then all cheicall unstable as relevant classifications should be counicated on the safet data sheet as specified in nnex and the relevant s it cheicall unstable at a teperature reater than es hazard counication eleents included on the label andor a pressure reater than a

2.2. Decision loic and uidance aner o The decision loic and uidance hich follo are not part of the haronized classification sste but have been provided here as additional uidance t is stronl recoended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and durin use of the decision loic o ateor rophoric as 2.2..1 ecision loic fo flaale ases

To classif a flaable as data on its flaabilit on its abilit to inite in air and on its cheical instabilit are reuired n case of cateorisation in ateor data on its loer flaabilit liit or its fundaental aner burnin velocit are reuired The classification is accordin to decision loic

ateor heicall unstable as s it cheicall unstable at and a standard pressure of a es aner

In the absence of data on its rohoricit, a flammable as miture should be classified as a rohoric as if it contains more than 1 (b olume) of rohoric comonent(s). - 54 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

ateor heicall unstable as s it cheicall unstable at and a standard pressure of a es aner

In the absence of data on its rohoricit, a flammable as miture should be classified as a rohoric as if it contains more than 1 (b olume) of rohoric comonent(s). - 55 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

2.2..2 iance

laabilit should be deterined b tests or b calculation in accordance ith ethods adopted b o ISO (see ISO 10156:2010 “Gases and gas mixtures – eterination of fire potential and oxidizin abilit for the ateor selection of cylinder valve outlets” and if usin fundaental burnin velocit for ateor see : heicall unstable as “Refrigerantsesination and safet classification nnex : ethod of test for burnin velocit easureent of flammable gases” here insufficient data are available to use these ethods tests b a coparable ethod s it cheicall unstable at a teperature reater than andor a es pressure reater than a reconized b the copetent authorit a be used

aner rophoricit should be deterined at in accordance ith either ed o 01) “Explosive atmospheres – art : aterial characteristics for as and vapour classification – Test ethods and data” or DIN 51794 “Determining the ignition temperature of petroleum products”. ateor t and a standard pressure of a does it: The classification procedure for prophoric ases need not be applied hen experience in production a inite hen in a ixture of or less b volue in air or o smbol o or handlin shos that the substance does not inite spontaneousl on coin into contact ith air at a teperature of b have a flaable rane ith air of at least percentae points arnin or belo laable as ixtures hich have not been tested for prophoricit and contain ore than one reardless of the loer flaabilit liit percent prophoric coponents should be classified as a prophoric as xpert udeent on the properties and phsical hazards of prophoric ases and their ixtures should be used in assessin the need for classification of es flaable as ixtures containin one percent or less prophoric coponents n this case testin need onl be ateor considered if expert udeent indicates a need for additional data to support the classification process oes it have a loer flaabilit liit b heical instabilit should be deterined in accordance ith the ethod described in art of the volue in air andor does it have a fundaental o or unnon burnin velocit cs aner anual of Tests and riteria f the calculations in accordance ith : sho that a as ixture is not flaable it is not necessar to carr out the tests for deterinin cheical instabilit for classification purposes

2.2. Exaple: lassification of a flaable as ixture by calculation accordin to 11:21

orula es ateor

n  i aner i Tci

here:

i the euivalent flaable as content Tci the axiu concentration of a flaable as in nitroen at hich the ixture is still not flaable in air i the first as in the ixture n the nth as in the ixture i the euivalenc factor for an inert as versus nitroen

here a as ixture contains an inert diluent other than nitroen the volue of this diluent is adusted to the euivalent volue of nitroen usin the euivalenc factor for the inert as i

riterion:

n  i  i Tci

as ixture

or the purpose of this exaple the folloin is the as ixture to be used

r e

2.2..2 iance

2.2. Exaple: lassification of a flaable as ixture by calculation accordin to 11:21

orula es ateor

n  i aner i Tci

here:

here a as ixture contains an inert diluent other than nitroen the volue of this diluent is adusted to the euivalent volue of nitroen usin the euivalenc factor for the inert as i

riterion:

n  i  i Tci

as ixture

or the purpose of this exaple the folloin is the as ixture to be used

r e

alculation TE 2.3 1. scertain the euivalency factors ( ) for the inert gases versus nitrogen: i E i (r) 0.55 i (e) 0.9 2.3.1 Definition 2. alculate the euivalent mixture ith nitrogen as balance gas using the i figures for the inert gases: erosols, this means aerosol disensers are any nonrefillable receptacles made of metal glass or 2(2) 6(4) 27 0.55 65 0.9(N2) 2(2) 6(4) 7.5(N2) 1.5 plastics and containing a gas compressed liuefied or dissolved under pressure ith or ithout a liuid paste or poder and fitted ith a release device alloing the contents to be eected as solid or liuid particles in suspension in a . dust the sum of the contents to 100: gas as a foam paste or poder or in a liuid state or in a gaseous state. 100 2(2) 6(4) 7.5(N2) 2.46(2) 7.7(4) 90.17(N2) 2.3.2 lassification criteria 1.5 2..2.1 erosols are classified in one of the three categories of this haard class depending on their 4. scertain the coefficients for the flammable gases: ci flammable properties and their heat of combustion. hey should be considered for classification in ategory 1 or 2 if they contain more than 1 components (by mass) hich are classified as flammable according to the GS criteria i.e.: ci 2 5.5 ci 4 .7

5. alculate the flammability of the euivalent mixture using the formula: – lammable gases (see hapter 2.2)

– lammable liuids (see hapter 2.6)

n i .2 46 .7 7   .1 29 1.2 1 – lammable solids (see hapter 2.7) i ci 5.5 7. or if their heat of combustion is at least 20 g.

herefore the mixture is flammable in air. lammable comonents do not coer rohoric, selfheatin or aterreactie substances and mitures because such comonents are neer used as aerosol contents.

erosols do not fall additionall ithin the scoe of chaters . (flammable ases), . (ases under ressure), . (flammable liuids) and . (flammable solids). eendin on their contents, aerosols ma hoeer fall ithin the scoe of other haard classes, includin their labellin elements.

2..2.2 n aerosol is classified in one of the three categories for this lass on the basis of its components of its chemical heat of combustion and if applicable of the results of the foam test (for foam aerosols) and of the ignition distance test and enclosed space test (for spray aerosols). See decision logic in 2..4.1. erosols hich do not meet the criteria for inclusion in ategory 1 or ategory 2 (extremely flammable or flammable aerosols) should be classified in ategory (nonflammable aerosols).

erosols containin more than 1 flammable comonents or ith a heat of combustion of at least , hich are not submitted to the flammabilit classification rocedures in this chater should be classified as aerosols, ateor 1.

2.3.3 azard counication

General and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aard communication abellin (hapter 1.4). nnex 1 contains summary tables about classification and labelling. nnex contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent authority.

5. alculate the flammability of the euivalent mixture using the formula: – lammable gases (see hapter 2.2)

– lammable liuids (see hapter 2.6) n i .2 46 .7 7   .1 29 1.2 1 – lammable solids (see hapter 2.7) i ci 5.5 7. or if their heat of combustion is at least 20 g.

herefore the mixture is flammable in air. lammable comonents do not coer rohoric, selfheatin or aterreactie substances and mitures because such comonents are neer used as aerosol contents.

2.3.3 azard counication

Table 2.3.1: abel eleents for aerosols ecision loic fo spa aeosols

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ybol o smbol inal ord azard stateent  2.3. Decision loic and uidance

2.3..1 ecision loic ecision loic a fo aeosols



 o smbol  

 o smbol 

Table 2.3.1: abel eleents for aerosols ecision loic fo spa aeosols

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ybol o smbol inal ord azard stateent  2.3. Decision loic and uidance

2.3..1 ecision loic ecision loic a fo aeosols



 o smbol  

 o smbol 

ecision loic c fo foa aeosols CHAPTER 2.4

OXIDIZING GASES 2.4.1 Definition

An oxidizing gas is any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does. NOTE: “Gases which cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does”   means pure gases or gas mixtures with an oxidizing power greater than 23.5% as determined by a method specified in   ISO 10156:2010.

2.4.2 Classification criteria An oxidizing gas is classified in a single category for this class according to the following table:

 Table 2.4.1: Criteria for oxidizing gases  Category Criteria 1 Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does. o smbol 2.4.3 Hazard communication General and specific considerations concerning labelling requirements are provided in Hazard communication: Labelling (Chapter 1.4). Annex 1 contains summary tables about classification and labelling. Annex 3 contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms which can be used where allowed by the competent 2.3..2 iance authority.

 Table 2.4.2: Label elements for oxidizing gases  Category 1 Symbol Flame over circle Signal word Danger Hazard statement May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer

   2.4.4 Decision logic and guidance The decision logic and guidance, which follow, are not part of the harmonized classification system, but have been provided here as additional guidance. It is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic.  2.4.4.1 Decision logic  To classify an oxidizing gas, tests or calculation methods as described in ISO 10156:2010 “Gases and gas mixtures – Determination of fire potential and oxidizing ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlets” should be performed. ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria,

ecision loic c fo foa aeosols CHAPTER 2.4

OXIDIZING GASES 2.4.1 Definition

2.4.2 Classification criteria An oxidizing gas is classified in a single category for this class according to the following table:

 Table 2.4.2: Label elements for oxidizing gases  Category 1 Symbol Flame over circle Signal word Danger Hazard statement May cause or intensify fire; oxidizer

ecision loic fo oiiin ases

      2.1 23.      

2...2 uidance

       

alculation steps

ecision loic fo oiiin ases

      2.1 23.      

2...2 uidance

       

alculation steps

- 65 -

TE 2.

E DE EE

2..1 Definition

ases under ressure

2..2 lassification criteria

Table 2..1: riteria for ases under pressure

roup riteria opressed as  iuefied as efrierated liuefied as Dissolved as

erosols should not be classified as ases under ressure. ee hater ..

2..3 azard counication

aard communication abellin

Table 2..2: abel eleents for ases under pressure efrierated opressed as iuefied as Dissolved as liuefied as ybol inal ord azard stateent

2.. Decision loic and uidance 2...2 iance 2...1 ecision loic ecision loic fo ases ne pesse ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, odel eulations

–

– 

2.. Decision loic and uidance 2...2 iance 2...1 ecision loic ecision loic fo ases ne pesse ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, odel eulations

–

– 

- 69 -

TE 2.

E D

2..1 Definition

flammable liuid

2..2 lassification criteria

Table 2..1: riteria for flaable liuids

ateory riteria 1  2 3   

as oils, diesel and liht heatin oils in the flash oint rane of to ma be rearded as a secial rou for some reulator uroses.

iuids ith a flash oint of more than and not more than ma be rearded as non flammable liuids for some reulator uroses (e.. transort) if neatie results hae been obtained in the sustained combustibilit test . of art III, section of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria.

iscous flammable liuids such as aints, enamels, lacuers, arnishes, adhesies and olishes ma be rearded as a secial rou for some reulator uroses (e.. transort). he classification or the decision to consider these liuids as nonflammable ma be determined b the ertinent reulation or cometent authorit.

erosols should not be classified as flammable liuids. ee hater ..

2..3 azard counication

aard communication abellin

Table 2..2: abel eleents for flaable liuids

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ateory ybol o smbol inal ord azard stateent

2.. Decision loic and uidance 2...2 iance

2...1 ecision loic ecision loic fo flaale liis   o smbol  

merican ociet for estin aterials International, 1arr arbor rie, o , est onshohocen, ennslania, 1

07a, “Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester” 05, “Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester” 96(2004)e1, “Standard Test Methods for Flash Point o Apparatus” 08, “Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by PenskyMartens Closed Cup Tester”

as oils, diesel and liht heatin oils in the flash oint rane of to ma be rearded as a secial rou for some reulator uroses as these hdrocarbons mitures hae arin flash oint in that rane. hus classification to no, the calculation method is alidated for mitures containin u to si olatile comonents. hese of these roducts in ateor or ma be determined b the ertinent reulation or cometent authorit. comonents ma be flammable liuids lie hdrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, esters (ecet acrlates), and ater. It is iuids ith a flash oint of more than and not more than ma be rearded as nonflammable liuids hoeer not et alidated for mitures containin haloenated, sulhurous, andor hoshoric comounds as ell as for some reulator uroses (e.. transort) if neatie results hae been obtained in the sustained combustibilit test reactie acrlates. . of art III, section of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and If the calculated flash oint is less than reater than the releant classification criterion, the calculation riteria. method ma not be used and the flash oint should be determined eerimentall. - 72 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

2.. Decision loic and uidance 2...2 iance

2...1 ecision loic ecision loic fo flaale liis   o smbol  

merican ociet for estin aterials International, 1arr arbor rie, o , est onshohocen, ennslania, 1

as oils, diesel and liht heatin oils in the flash oint rane of to ma be rearded as a secial rou for some reulator uroses as these hdrocarbons mitures hae arin flash oint in that rane. hus classification to no, the calculation method is alidated for mitures containin u to si olatile comonents. hese of these roducts in ateor or ma be determined b the ertinent reulation or cometent authorit. comonents ma be flammable liuids lie hdrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, esters (ecet acrlates), and ater. It is iuids ith a flash oint of more than and not more than ma be rearded as nonflammable liuids hoeer not et alidated for mitures containin haloenated, sulhurous, andor hoshoric comounds as ell as for some reulator uroses (e.. transort) if neatie results hae been obtained in the sustained combustibilit test reactie acrlates. . of art III, section of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and If the calculated flash oint is less than reater than the releant classification criterion, the calculation riteria. method ma not be used and the flash oint should be determined eerimentall. - 73 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

ssociation franaise de normalisation, , 11, rue de Pressens 9571 a Plaine SaintDenis Cedex”: TE 2. French Standard F M 07 019 French Standards F M 07 011 F T 0 050 F T 66 009 E D French Standard F M 07 06

eutsches Institut fr ormun, urggrafenstr 6, 10787 erlin 2..1 Definitions

Standard 51755 (flash points belo 65 C) A flammable solid is a solid hich is readil comustile, or ma cause or contriute to fire through friction tate ommittee of the ouncil of inisters for tandardiation, 111, , osco, enins rosect, eadil combustible solids are podered, granular, or past sustances hich are dangerous if the can e easil ignited rief contact ith an ignition source, such as a urning match, and if the flame spreads rapidl ST 12104484 2..2 lassification criteria 26426 The folloing methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liuids should be used Podered, granular or past sustances or mixtures shall e classified as readil comustile solids nternational standards hen the time of urning of one or more of the test runs, performed in accordance ith the test method descried in the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria, Part , susection , S 924 is less than 5 s or the rate of urning is more than mms S 4626 S 405 Poders of metals or metal allos shall e classified as flammale solids hen the can e ignited and the reaction spreads oer the hole length of the sample 00 mm in 0 min or less ational standards Solids hich ma cause fire through friction shall e classified in this class analog ith existing merican ociet for estin aterials International, 1 arr arbor rie, o , est onshohocen, entries eg matches until definitie criteria are estalished ennslania, 1 A flammale solid is classified in one of the to categories for this class using Method as ASTM 8607a, “Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure” descried in Part , susection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ASTM 107805, “Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids” ests and riteria, according to the folloing tale:

Further acceptable methods Table 2..1: riteria for flaable solids

5 Method A2 as described in Part A of the Anne to Commission egulation (C) o4402008 ateory riteria 1 urning rate test: Sustances or mixtures other than metal poders: a etted one does not stop fire and urning time 5 s or urning rate mms Metal poders: urning time  5 min 2 urning rate test: Sustances or mixtures other than metal poders: a etted one stops the fire for at least min and urning time 5 s or urning rate mms Metal poders: urning time 5 min and  0 min

or classification tests on solid substances or mitures, the tests should be erformed on the substance or miture as resented. If for eamle, for the uroses of sul or transort, the same chemical is to be resented in a hsical form different from that hich as tested and hich is considered liel to materiall alter its erformance in a classification test, the substance must also be tested in the ne form.

erosols should not be classified as flammable solids. ee hater ..

5 ommission eulation () o of a lain don test methods ursuant to eulation () o 1 of the uroean arliament and of the ouncil on the eistration, aluation, uthorisation and estriction of hemicals () (fficial ournal of the uroean nion, o. 1 of 1.., 1 and o. 1 of .., .). 74 5 - 74 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

eutsches Institut fr ormun, urggrafenstr 6, 10787 erlin 2..1 Definitions

Further acceptable methods Table 2..1: riteria for flaable solids

erosols should not be classified as flammable solids. ee hater ..

5 ommission eulation () o of a lain don test methods ursuant to eulation () o 1 of the uroean arliament and of the ouncil on the eistration, aluation, uthorisation and estriction of hemicals () (fficial ournal of the uroean nion, o. 1 of 1.., 1 and o. 1 of .., .). 74 5 - 75 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

2..3 azard counication TE 2. eneral and specific considerations concerning laelling requirements are proided in aard communication abellin Chapter Annex contains summar tales aout classification and laelling Annex EETE TE D TE contains examples of precautionar statements and pictograms hich can e used here alloed the competent authorit 2..1 Definitions Table 2..2: abel eleents for flaable solids elfreactie substances or mitures are thermall unstale liquid or solid sustances or mixtures ateory 1 ateory 2 liale to undergo a strongl exothermic decomposition een ithout participation of oxgen air This definition ybol lame lame excludes sustances and mixtures classified under the S as explosies, organic peroxides or as oxidiing inal ord Danger arning A selfreactie sustance or mixture is regarded as possessing explosie properties hen in laorator azard stateent lammale solid lammale solid testing the formulation is liale to detonate, to deflagrate rapidl or to sho a iolent effect hen heated under confinement 2.. Decision loic 2..2 lassification criteria The decision logic hich follos, is not part of the harmonied classification sstem, ut has een proided here as additional guidance t is strongl recommended that the person responsile for classification studies An selfreactie sustance or mixture should e considered for classification in this class unless: the criteria efore and during use of the decision logic a The are explosies, according to the S criteria of Chapter To classif a flammale solid, the test method as descried in Part , susection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria should e performed The The are oxidiing liquids or solids, according to the criteria of Chapters or , except procedure consists of to tests: a preliminar screening test and a urning rate test Classification is according to that mixtures of oxidiing sustances hich contain 5 or more of comustile organic decision logic sustances shall e classified as selfreactie sustances according to the procedure defined in the note elo ecision loic fo flaale solis c The are organic peroxides, according to the S criteria of Chapter 5

The sustancemixture is a solid d Their heat of decomposition is less than 00 g or

e Their selfaccelerating decomposition temperature SADT is greater than 5 C for a 50 g pacage Screening test ot classified egatie itures of oidiin substances, meetin the criteria for classification as oidiin substances, hich contain . or more of combustible oranic substances and hich do not meet the criteria mentioned in (a), (c), (d) or Positie (e) aboe, shall be subected to the selfreactie substances classification rocedure

uch a miture shoin the roerties of a selfreactie substance te to (see ...) shall be urning rate test: classified as a selfreactie substance. a or sustances or mixtures other than metal poders: urning time 5 s or urning rate mms o ot classified Selfreactive substances and mixtures are classified in one of the seven categories of “types A to G” Metal poders: urning time 0 min for this class, according to the folloing principles:

a An selfreactie sustance or mixture hich can detonate or deflagrate rapidl, as pacaged, es Categor ill e defined as selfreactive substance TE

An selfreactie sustance or mixture possessing explosie properties and hich, a or sustances or mixtures other than metal poders: as pacaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidl, ut is liale to undergo a thermal o Does the etted one stop propagation of the flame Danger explosion in that pacage ill e defined as selfreactive substance TE Metal poders: urning time 5 min c An selfreactie sustance or mixture possessing explosie properties hen the sustance or mixture as pacaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidl or undergo a thermal explosion ill es Categor e defined as selfreactive substance TE

d An selfreactie sustance or mixture hich in laorator testing:

arning i detonates partiall, does not deflagrate rapidl and shos no iolent effect hen heated under confinement or

ii does not detonate at all, deflagrates slol and shos no iolent effect hen heated under confinement or

The sustancemixture is a solid d Their heat of decomposition is less than 00 g or

a An selfreactie sustance or mixture hich can detonate or deflagrate rapidl, as pacaged, es Categor ill e defined as selfreactive substance TE

d An selfreactie sustance or mixture hich in laorator testing:

arning i detonates partiall, does not deflagrate rapidl and shos no iolent effect hen heated under confinement or

ii does not detonate at all, deflagrates slol and shos no iolent effect hen heated under confinement or

iii does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shos a medium effect hen heated under 2.. Decision loic and uidance confinement he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonied classification system ill be defined as selfreactive substance TE D but have been provided here as additional guidance t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic e Any selfreactive substance or mixture hich in laboratory testing neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shos lo or no effect hen heated under confinement ill be defined as 2...1 ecision loic selfreactive substance TE E o classify a selfreactive substance or mixture test series A to as described in art of the f Any selfreactive substance or mixture hich in laboratory testing neither detonates in the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria should be performed cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shos only a lo or no effect hen heated under lassification is according to decision logic confinement as ell as lo or no explosive poer ill be defined as selfreactive substance TE he properties of selfreactive substances or mixtures hich are decisive for their classification should be determined experimentally est methods ith pertinent evaluation criteria are given in the ecommendations on g Any selfreactive substance or mixture hich in laboratory testing neither detonates in the the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria art test series A to cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shos no effect hen heated under confinement nor any explosive poer provided that it is thermally stable selfaccelerating decomposition temperature is to for a g pacage and for liuid mixtures a diluent having a boiling point greater than or eual to is used for desensitiation ill be defined as self reactive substance TE f the mixture is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than is used for desensitiation the mixture shall be defined as self reactive substance

e has no haard communication elements assined but should be considered for roerties belonin to other haard classes.

ypes A to G may not be necessary for all systems

2..2.3 Citeia fo tepeate contol

elfreactive substances need to be subected to temperature control if their selfaccelerating decomposition temperature A is less than or eual to est methods for determining the A as ell as the derivation of control and emergency temperatures are given in the ecommendations for the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria art section he test selected shall be conducted in a manner hich is representative both in sie and material of the pacage

2..3 azard counication

General and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aard communication abellin hapter Annex contains summary tables about classification and labelling Annex contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent authority

Table 2..1: abel eleents for selfreactive substances and ixtures

Type Type Type and D Type E and Type a ybol xploding bomb xploding bomb and lame lame flame here are no inal anger anger anger arning label elements ord allocated to this haard cateor azard eating may cause eating may cause a eating may cause eating may stateent an explosion fire or explosion a fire cause a fire a e has no haard communication elements assined but should be considered for roerties belonin to other haard classes.

e has no haard communication elements assined but should be considered for roerties belonin to other haard classes.

ypes A to G may not be necessary for all systems

2..2.3 Citeia fo tepeate contol

2..3 azard counication

Table 2..1: abel eleents for selfreactive substances and ixtures

ecision loic fo selfeactie sstances an ites

ecision loic fo selfeactie sstances an ites 2...2 iance

he classification procedures for selfreactive substances and mixtures need not be applied if

a here are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated ith explosive or selfreactive properties examples of such groups are given in ables A and A in the Appendix of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria or

b or a single organic substance or a homogeneous mixture of organic substances the estimated A is greater than or the exothermic decomposition energy is less than g he onset temperature and decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric techniue see in art of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria

- 81 -

CHAPTER 2.9

PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS

2.9.1 Definition

A pyrophoric liquid is a liquid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.

2.9.2 Classification criteria

A pyrophoric liquid is classified in a single category for this class using test N.3 in Part III, subsection 33.3.1.5 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to the following table:

Table 2.9.1: Criteria for pyrophoric liquids

Category Criteria 1 The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

2.9.3 Hazard communication

Table 2.9.2: Label elements for pyrophoric liquids

Category 1 Symbol Flame Signal word Danger Hazard statement Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

2.9.4 Decision logic and guidance

The decision logic and guidance which follow, are not part of the harmonized classification system, but have been provided here as additional guidance. It is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic.

2.9.4.1 Decision logic

To classify a pyrophoric liquid, the test method N.3 as described in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.5 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria should be performed. The procedure consists of two steps. Classification is according to decision logic 2.9.

ecision loic fo popoic liis CHAPTER 2.10

PYROPHORIC SOLIDS he substancemixture is a liuid

2.10.1 Definition

ategory A pyrophoric solid is a solid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air. oes it ignite ithin min hen poured into a porcelain cup filled ith diatomaceous earth or silica gel es 2.10.2 Classification criteria anger A pyrophoric solid is classified in a single category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria according to the following table: o Table 2.10.1: Criteria for pyrophoric solids ategory Category Criteria oes it ignite or char a filter paper ithin min es 1 The solid ignites within 5 min of coming into contact with air. anger NOTE: For classification tests on solid substances or mixtures, the tests should be performed on the substance or mixture as presented. If for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be o presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance or mixture must also be tested in the new form. ot classified 2.10.3 Hazard communication

General and specific considerations concerning labelling requirements are provided in Hazard communication: Labelling (Chapter 1.4). Annex 1 contains summary tables about classification and labelling. Annex 3 2...2 iance contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms which can be used where allowed by the competent authority. he classification procedure for pyrophoric liuids need not be applied hen experience in production or handling shos that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact ith air at normal Table 2.10.2: Label elements for pyrophoric solids temperatures ie the substance is non to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time days Category 1 Symbol Flame Signal word Danger Hazard statement Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

2.10.4 Decision logic and guidance

2.10.4.1 Decision logic

To classify a pyrophoric solid, the test method N.2 as described in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria should be performed. Classification is according to decision logic 2.10.

ecision loic fo popoic liis CHAPTER 2.10

PYROPHORIC SOLIDS he substancemixture is a liuid

2.10.1 Definition

ategory A pyrophoric solid is a solid which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air. oes it ignite ithin min hen poured into a porcelain cup filled ith diatomaceous earth or silica gel es 2.10.2 Classification criteria anger A pyrophoric solid is classified in a single category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria according to the following table: o Table 2.10.1: Criteria for pyrophoric solids ategory Category Criteria oes it ignite or char a filter paper ithin min es 1 The solid ignites within 5 min of coming into contact with air. anger NOTE: For classification tests on solid substances or mixtures, the tests should be performed on the o substance or mixture as presented. If for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance or mixture must also be tested in the new form. ot classified 2.10.3 Hazard communication

2.10.4 Decision logic and guidance

2.10.4.1 Decision logic

ecision loic fo popoic solis TE 2.11

EET TE D TE he substancemixture is a solid

2.11.1 Definition ategory A selfheatin substance or miture is a solid or liuid substance or mixture other than a pyrophoric liuid or solid hich by reaction ith air and ithout energy supply is liable to selfheat this substance or mixture oes it ignite ithin min after exposure to air es differs from a pyrophoric liuid or solid in that it ill ignite only hen in large amounts ilograms and after long anger periods of time hours or days

elfheatin of a substance or mitures is a rocess here the radual reaction of that substance or o miture ith oen (in air) enerates heat. If the rate of heat roduction eceeds the rate of heat loss, then the ot classified temerature of the substance or miture ill rise hich, after an induction time, ma lead to selfinition and combustion.

2.1..2 iance 2.11.2 lassification criteria

he classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied hen experience in production A substance or mixture shall be classified as a selfheating substance of this class if in tests performed or handling shos that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact ith air at normal in accordance ith the test method given in the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of temperatures ie the substance or mixture is non to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time ests and riteria art subsection days a A positive result is obtained using a mm cube sample at

b A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a negative result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at and the substance or mixture is to be paced in pacages ith a volume of more than m

c A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a negative result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at and the substance or mixture is to be paced in pacages ith a volume of more than litres

d A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a positive result is obtained using a mm cube sample at

A selfheating substance or mixture is classified in one of the to categories for this class if in test performed in accordance ith test method in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria the result meets the criteria shon in able

Table 2.11.1: riteria for selfheatin substances and ixtures

ateory riteria 1 A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at 2 a A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a negative result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at and the substance or mixture is to be paced in pacages ith a volume of more than m or b A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a negative result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at a positive result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at and the substance or mixture is to be paced in pacages ith a volume of more than litres or c A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a negative result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at and a positive result is obtained in a test using a mm cube sample at

ecision loic fo popoic solis TE 2.11

EET TE D TE he substancemixture is a solid

2.1..2 iance 2.11.2 lassification criteria

d A positive result is obtained in a test using a mm sample cube at and a positive result is obtained using a mm cube sample at

Table 2.11.1: riteria for selfheatin substances and ixtures

he criteria are based on the selfinition temerature of charcoal, hich is for a samle cube ecision loic fo selfeatin sstances an ites of m. ubstances and mitures ith a temerature of sontaneous combustion hiher than for a olume of m should not be assined to this haard class. ubstances and mitures ith a selfinition temerature hiher than for a olume of litres should not be assined to haard ateor 1 of this haard class. ubstancemixture

2.11.3 azard counication

General and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aard communication abellin hapter Annex contains summary tables about classification and labelling Annex oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent ot classified sample cube at  o authority

Table 2.11.2: abel eleents for selfheatin substances and ixtures es ategory ateory 1 ateory 2 ybol lame lame oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm es inal ord anger arning sample cube at  anger azard stateent elfheating may catch fire elfheating in large uantities may catch fire o ategory 2.11. Decision loic and uidance

he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonied classification system s it pacaged in more than m es but have been provided here as additional guidance t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic arning o 2.11..1 ecision loic

o classify a selfheating substance or mixture test method as described in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm o ot classified should be performed lassification is according to decision logic sample cube at 

es ategory

s it pacaged in more than litres volume es arning

ategory

oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm sample cube at  es arning

ot classified

2.11.3 azard counication

General and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aard communication abellin hapter Annex contains summary tables about classification and labelling Annex oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent ot classified sample cube at  o authority

es ategory

s it pacaged in more than litres volume es arning

ategory

oes it undergo dangerous selfheating hen tested in a mm sample cube at  es arning

ot classified

2.11..2 iance TE 2.12 he classification procedure for selfheating substances or mixtures need not be applied if the results of a screening test can be adeuately correlated ith the classification test and an appropriate safety margin is applied TE D TE TT T TE xamples of screening tests are ET E E

a he Greer ven test guideline part est methods for the etermination of the afety haracteristics of usts ith an onset temperature above the reference 2.12.1 Definition temperature for a volume of l ubstances or mitures hich, in contact ith ater, emit flammable ases are solid or liuid b he ul oder creening est Gibson arper ogers valuation of the fire and substances or mixtures hich by interaction ith ater are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off explosion riss in drying poders lant perations rogress ith an onset flammable gases in dangerous uantities temperature above the reference temperature for a volume of l 2.12.2 lassification criteria

A substance or mixture hich in contact ith ater emit flammable gases is classified in one of the three categories for this class using test in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria according to the folloing table

Table 2.12.1: riteria for substances and ixtures hich in contact ith ater eit flaable ases

ateory riteria 1 Any substance or mixture hich reacts vigorously ith ater at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously or hich reacts readily ith ater at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is eual to or greater than litres per ilogram of substance over any one minute 2 Any substance or mixture hich reacts readily ith ater at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is eual to or greater than litres per ilogram of substance per hour and hich does not meet the criteria for ategory 3 Any substance or mixture hich reacts sloly ith ater at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than litre per ilogram of substance per hour and hich does not meet the criteria for ategories and

substance or miture is classified as a substance hich, in contact ith ater, emits flammable ases if sontaneous inition taes lace in an ste of the test rocedure.

2.12.3 azard counication

Table 2.12.2: abel eleents for substances and ixtures hich in contact ith ater eit flaable ases

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ybol lame lame lame inal ord anger anger arning azard stateent n contact ith ater releases n contact ith ater n contact ith ater flammable gases hich may ignite releases flammable gases releases flammable gases spontaneously

Table 2.12.1: riteria for substances and ixtures hich in contact ith ater eit flaable ases

substance or miture is classified as a substance hich, in contact ith ater, emits flammable ases if sontaneous inition taes lace in an ste of the test rocedure.

2.12.3 azard counication

Table 2.12.2: abel eleents for substances and ixtures hich in contact ith ater eit flaable ases

2.12. Decision loic and uidance TE 2.13 he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonied classification system but have been provided here as additional guidance t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for D D classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic

2.12..1 ecision loic 2.13.1 Definition

o classify a substance or mixture hich in contact ith ater emits flammable gases test as An oidiin liuid is a liuid hich hile in itself not necessarily combustible may generally by described in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of yielding oxygen cause or contribute to the combustion of other material ests and riteria, should be performed lassification is according to decision logic 2.13.2 lassification criteria ecision loic fo sstances an ites ic in contact it ate eit flaale ases An oxidiing liuid is classified in one of the three categories for this class using test in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria, ubstancemixture according to the folloing table

Table 2.13.1: riteria for oxidizin liuids

ateory riteria n contact ith ater does it react sloly at ambient temperatures such that Any substance or mixture hich in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is litre per g of ot classified 1 o tested spontaneously ignites or the mean pressure rise time of a mixture by mass of substance and substance per hour cellulose is less than that of a mixture by mass of perchloric acid and cellulose 2 Any substance or mixture hich in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose es tested exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or eual to the mean pressure rise time of a mixture by mass of aueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose and the criteria for ategory are not met n contact ith ater does the substance react vigorously ith ater at ategory ambient temperatures and demonstrate generally a tendency for the gas 3 Any substance or mixture hich in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose produced to ignite spontaneously or does it react readily ith ater at ambient es tested exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or eual to the mean pressure rise time of a temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is ≥ 10 litres per mixture by mass of aueous nitric acid and cellulose and the criteria for ategories and are g of substance over any one minute anger not met

2.13.3 azard counication o ategory General and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aard communication abellin hapter Annex contains summary tables about classification and labelling Annex n contact ith ater does it react readily ith ater at ambient temperatures contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is ≥ litres per g es authority of substance per hour anger Table 2.13.2: abel eleents for oxidizin liuids

o ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ategory ybol lame over circle lame over circle lame over circle inal ord anger anger arning azard stateent ay cause fire or explosion ay intensify fire oxidier ay intensify fire oxidier arning strong oxidier

2.13. Decision loic and uidance 2.12..2 iance he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonied classification system he classification procedure for this class need not be applied if but have been provided here as additional guidance t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic a he chemical structure of the substance or mixture does not contain metals or metalloids

b xperience in production or handling shos that the substance or mixture does not react ith ater eg the substance is manufactured ith ater or ashed ith ater or

c he substance or mixture is non to be soluble in ater to form a stable mixture

2.12..1 ecision loic 2.13.1 Definition

Table 2.13.1: riteria for oxidizin liuids

b xperience in production or handling shos that the substance or mixture does not react ith ater eg the substance is manufactured ith ater or ashed ith ater or

c he substance or mixture is non to be soluble in ater to form a stable mixture

2.13..1 ecision loic 2.13..2 iance

o classify an oxidiing liuid test method as described in art subsection of the xperience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures hich shos them to be oxidiing is an ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria should be performed important additional factor in considering classification in this class n the event of divergence beteen tests results lassification is according to decision logic and non experience udgement based on non experience should tae precedence over test results

ecision loic fo oiiin liis n some cases substances or mixtures may generate a pressure rise too high or too lo caused by chemical reactions not characterising the oxidiing properties of the substance or mixture n these cases it may be necessary to repeat the test described in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of he substancemixture is a liuid anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria ith an inert substance eg diatomite ieselguhr in place of the cellulose in order to clarify the nature of the reaction

or organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class need not be applied if

a he substance or mixture does not contain oxygen fluorine or chlorine or oes it in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and ot classified cellulose tested exhibits a pressure rise  a gauge o b he substance or mixture contains oxygen fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen es or inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class need not be applied if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms oes it in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose tested exhibit a mean pressure rise time less than or eual ot classified to the mean pressure rise time of a mixture by mass of o aueous nitric acid and cellulose

ategory oes it in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose tested exhibit a mean pressure rise time less than or eual to the mean pressure rise time of a mixture by mass of o aueous sodium chlorate and cellulose arning

es ategory

oes it in the mixture by mass of substance or mixture and cellulose tested spontaneously ignite or exhibit a mean pressure rise o time less than that of a mixture by mass of perchloric acid anger and cellulose

es ategory

anger

2.13..1 ecision loic 2.13..2 iance

or organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class need not be applied if

es ategory

anger

- 95 -

TE 2.1

D D

2.1.1 Definition

An oidiin solid is a solid hich hile in itself is not necessarily combustible may generally by yielding oxygen cause or contribute to the combustion of other material

2.1.2 lassification criteria

An oxidiing solid is classified in one of the three categories for this class using test in art subsection or test in art subsection of the ecommendations on the ransort of anerous oods, anual of ests and riteria, according to the folloing table

Table 2.1.1: riteria for oxidizin solids

ateory riteria usin test .1 riteria usin test .3 1 Any substance or mixture hich in the Any substance or mixture hich in the or or sampletocellulose ratio by mass sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested exhibits tested exhibits a mean burning time less a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning than the mean burning time of a mixture rate of a mixture by mass of calcium peroxide by mass of potassium bromate and and cellulose cellulose 2 Any substance or mixture hich in the Any substance or mixture hich in the or or sampletocellulose ratio by mass sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested exhibits tested exhibits a mean burning time eual to a mean burning rate eual to or greater than the or less than the mean burning time of a mean burning rate of a mixture by mass of mixture by mass of potassium bromate and calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for cellulose and the criteria for ategory are ategory are not met not met 3 Any substance or mixture hich in the Any substance or mixture hich in the or or sampletocellulose ratio by mass sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested exhibits tested exhibits a mean burning time eual to a mean burning rate eual to or greater than the or less than the mean burning time of a mean burning rate of a mixture by mass of mixture by mass of potassium bromate and calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for cellulose and the criteria for ategories ategories and are not met and are not met

ome oidiin solids ma also resent elosion haards under certain conditions (e.. hen stored in lare uantities). or eamle, some tes of ammonium nitrate ma ie rise to an elosion haard under etreme conditions and the “Resistance to detonation test” (IMSBC Code, endi , ection ) ma be used to assess this haard. roriate comments should be made in the afet ata heet.

2.1.3 azard counication

Table 2.1.2: abel eleents for oxidizin solids ecision loic fo oiiin solis

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ybol lame over circle lame over circle lame over circle he substancemixture is a solid inal ord anger anger arning azard stateent ay cause fire or explosion ay intensify fire oxidier ay intensify fire oxidier es strong oxidier oes it in the or sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested ot classified 2.1. Decision loic and uidance ignite or burn o

he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonied classification system but have been provided here as additional guidance t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for es classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic oes it in the or sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested 2.1..1 ecision loic exhibit a mean burning time less than or eual to the mean burning time of a mixture by mass of potassium bromate and cellulose o ot classified o classify an oxidiing solid test method as described in art subsection or test or method as described in art subsection of the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos a mean burning rate greater than or eual to the mean burning rate of oods Mana o ests and Citeia should be performed lassification is according to decision logic a mixture by mass of calcium peroxide and cellulose

es ategory oes it in the or sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested exhibit a mean burning time less than or eual to the mean burning time of a mixture by mass of potassium bromate and cellulose o or arning a mean burning rate greater than or eual to the mean burning rate of a mixture by mass of calcium peroxide and cellulose

es ategory oes it in the or sampletocellulose ratio by mass tested exhibit a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a mixture by mass of potassium bromate and cellulose o or anger a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a mixture by mass of calcium peroxide and cellulose

es ategory

anger

Table 2.1.2: abel eleents for oxidizin solids ecision loic fo oiiin solis

es ategory

anger

2.1..2 iance TE 2.1 xperience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures hich shos them to be oxidiing is an important additional factor in considering classification in this class n the event of divergence beteen tests results EDE and non experience udgement based on non experience should tae precedence over test results

he classification procedure for this class need not be applied to organic substances or mixtures if 2.1.1 Definition

a he substance or mixture does not contain oxygen fluorine or chlorine or anic eoides are liuid or solid organic substances hich contain the bivalent structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide here one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced b he substance or mixture contains oxygen fluorine or chlorine and these elements are by organic radicals he term also includes organic peroxide formulations mixtures rganic peroxides are thermally chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen unstable substances or mixtures hich may undergo exothermic selfaccelerating decomposition n addition they may have one or more of the folloing properties he classification procedure for this class need not be applied to inorganic substances or mixtures if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms a be liable to explosive decomposition

b burn rapidly

c be sensitive to impact or friction

d react dangerously ith other substances

An organic peroxide is regarded as possessing explosive properties hen in laboratory testing the formulation is liable to detonate to deflagrate rapidly or to sho a violent effect hen heated under confinement

2.1.2 lassification criteria

Any organic peroxide shall be considered for classification in this class unless it contains

a not more than available oxygen from the organic peroxides hen containing not more than hydrogen peroxide or

b not more than available oxygen from the organic peroxides hen containing more than but not more than hydrogen peroxide

he aaiae oen content ( o an oanic eoide ite is ien the oa

n   cn ii     i  i 

hee

n ne o eoen os e oece o oanic eoide i i c concentation (ass o oanic eoide i i oeca ass o oanic eoide i i

Organic peroxides are classified in one of the seven categories of “Types A to G” for this class, according to the folloing principles

a Any organic peroxide hich as pacaged can detonate or deflagrate rapidly ill be defined as oranic peroxide TE

b Any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties and hich as pacaged neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that pacage ill be defined as oranic peroxide TE

c Any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties hen the substance or mixture as pacaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion ill be defined as oranic peroxide TE

he classification procedure for this class need not be applied to organic substances or mixtures if 2.1.1 Definition

b burn rapidly

c be sensitive to impact or friction

d react dangerously ith other substances

2.1.2 lassification criteria

Any organic peroxide shall be considered for classification in this class unless it contains

a not more than available oxygen from the organic peroxides hen containing not more than hydrogen peroxide or

b not more than available oxygen from the organic peroxides hen containing more than but not more than hydrogen peroxide

he aaiae oen content ( o an oanic eoide ite is ien the oa

n   cn ii     i  i 

hee

n ne o eoen os e oece o oanic eoide i i c concentation (ass o oanic eoide i i oeca ass o oanic eoide i i

Organic peroxides are classified in one of the seven categories of “Types A to G” for this class, according to the folloing principles

a Any organic peroxide hich as pacaged can detonate or deflagrate rapidly ill be defined as oranic peroxide TE

d Any organic peroxide hich in laoratory testing 2.1.3 azard counication

i detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shos no violent effect hen heated General and specific considerations concerning laelling reireents are provided in aad nder confineent or conication aein hapter Annex contains sary tales aot classification and laelling Annex contains exaples of precationary stateents and pictogras hich can e sed here alloed y the copetent ii does not detonate at all, deflagrates sloly and shos no violent effect hen heated athority nder confineent or Table 2.1.1: abel eleents for oranic peroxides iii does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shos a edi effect hen heated nder a confineent Type Type Type and D Type E and Type ybol xploding o xploding o lae lae hee ae no ill e defined as oranic peroxide TE D and flae ae eeents inal ord anger anger anger arning e Any organic peroxide hich, in laoratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and aocated to shos lo or no effect hen heated nder confineent ill e defined as oranic peroxide azard eating ay case eating ay case eating ay case eating ay case this haad TE E stateent an explosion a fire or explosion a fire a fire cateo

a f Any organic peroxide hich, in laoratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor e has no haad conication eeents assined t shod e consideed o oeties eonin to othe deflagrates at all and shos only a lo or no effect hen heated nder confineent as ell as haad casses lo or no explosive poer ill e defined as oranic peroxide TE 2.1. Decision loic and uidance g Any organic peroxide hich, in laoratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shos no effect hen heated nder confineent nor any explosive poer, The decision logic and gidance hich follo, are not part of the haronied classification syste, provided that it is therally stale selfaccelerating decoposition teperatre is or t have een provided here as additional gidance t is strongly recoended that the person responsile for higher for a g pacage, and, for liid ixtres, a dilent having a oiling point of not classification stdies the criteria efore and dring se of the decision logic less than is sed for desensitiation, ill e defined as oranic peroxide TE f the organic peroxide is not therally stale or a dilent having a oiling point less than 2.1..1 ecision loic is sed for desensitiation, it shall e defined as organic peroxide T To classify an organic peroxide test series A to as descried in art of the e has no haad conication eeents assined t shod e consideed o oeties Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia shold e perfored eonin to othe haad casses lassification is according to decision logic

es to a not e necessa o a sstes

2.1.2.3 Citeia fo tepeate contol

The folloing organic peroxides need to e sected to teperatre control

a Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤

Organic peroxide type shoing a edi effect hen heated nder confineent ith an AT  or shoing a lo or no effect hen heated nder confineent ith an AT  and

c Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤

Test ethods for deterining the AT as ell as the derivation of control and eergency teperatres are given in the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia, art , section The test selected shall e condcted in a anner hich is representative, oth in sie and aterial, of the pacage

d Any organic peroxide hich in laoratory testing 2.1.3 azard counication

es to a not e necessa o a sstes

2.1.2.3 Citeia fo tepeate contol

The folloing organic peroxides need to e sected to teperatre control

a Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤

Organic peroxide type shoing a edi effect hen heated nder confineent ith an AT  or shoing a lo or no effect hen heated nder confineent ith an AT  and

c Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤

ecision loic fo oanic peoies

ecision loic fo oanic peoies 2.1..2 iance

Organic peroxides are classified y definition ased on their cheical strctre and on the availale oxygen and hydrogen peroxide contents of the ixtre see

The properties of organic peroxides hich are decisive for their classification shold e deterined experientally Test ethods ith pertinent evalation criteria are given in the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia, art Test eries A to

ixtres of organic peroxides ay e classified as the sae type of organic peroxide as that of the ost dangeros ingredient oever, as to stale ingredients can for a therally less stale ixtre, the self accelerating decoposition teperatre AT of the ixtre shall e deterined

- 105 -

CHAPTER 2.16

CORROSIVE TO METALS

2.16.1 Definition

A substance or a mixture which is corrosive to metals is a substance or a mixture which by chemical action will materially damage, or even destroy, metals.

2.16.2 Classification criteria

A substance or a mixture which is corrosive to metals is classified in a single category for this class, using the test in Part III, sub-section 37.4 of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to the following table:

Table 2.16.1: Criteria for substances and mixtures corrosive to metal

Category Criteria 1 Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm per year at a test temperature of 55 °C when tested on both materials.

NOTE: Where an initial test on either steel or aluminium indicates the substance or mixture being tested is corrosive the follow-up test on the other metal is not required.

2.16.3 Hazard communication

Table 2.16.2: Label elements for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Category 1 Symbol Corrosion Signal word Warning Hazard statement May be corrosive to metals

NOTE: Where a substance or mixture is classified as corrosive to metals but not corrosive to skin and/or eyes, some competent authorities may allow the labelling provisions described in 1.4.10.5.5.

2.16.4 Decision logic and guidance

The decision logic and guidance which follow, are not part of the harmonized classification system but have been provided here as additional guidance. It is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic.

2.1..1 ecision loic TE 2.1 ecision loic fo sstances an ites coosie to etals DEETED EE

2.1.1 Definitions and eneral considerations stanceixtre esensitied explosives are solid or liid explosive sstances or ixtres hich are phlegatied to sppress their explosive properties in sch a anner that they do not ass explode and do not rn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class “Explosives” (Chapter 2.1; see also Note 2 of paragraph 2.1.2.2).

oes it corrode on either steel or alin srfaces at a rate The class of desensitied explosives coprises exceeding year at a test teperatre of hen o ot classified tested on oth aterials a olid desensitied explosives explosive sstances or ixtres hich are etted ith ater or alcohols or are dilted ith other sstances, to for a hoogeneos solid ixtre to sppress their explosive properties es ategory his incdes desensitiation achieed oation o hdates o the sstances

iid desensitied explosives explosive sstances or ixtres hich are dissolved or sspended in ater or other liid sstances, to for a hoogeneos liid ixtre to arning sppress their explosive properties

2.1.2 lassification criteria

Any explosive hile in a desensitied state shall e considered in this class nless, in that state

a t is intended to prodce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect

2.1..2 iance t has a ass explosion haard according to test series a or or the corrected rning rate according to the rning rate test descried in part , ssection of the The corrosion rate can e easred according to the test ethod of art , ssection of the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia is Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia The specien to e sed greater than gin or for the test shold e ade of the folloing aterials c The exotheric decoposition energy is less than g a or the prposes of testing steel, steel types respt , G respt , O , nified ering yste Sstances o ites hich eet the citeion (a o ( in thei desensitied state G , or A sha e cassiied as eosies (see Chate Sstances o ites hich eet the citeion (c a a ithin the scoe o othe hsica haad casses or the prposes of testing alini nonclad types T or AGT he eotheic decoosition ene a e estiated sin a sitae caoietic technie (see section ssection in at II o the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia

esensitied explosives shall e classified as pacaged for spply and se in one of the for categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test “burning rate test (external fire)” descried in art , ssection of the Recoendations o the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia, according to Tale

nstae eosies as deined in Chate can aso e staiied desensitiation and conseent a e cassiied as desensitied eosies oided a citeia o Chate ae et In this case the desensitied eosie shod e tested accodin to test seies (at I o the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia ecase inoation aot its sensitieness to echanica stii is ie to e iotant o deteinin conditions o sae handin and se he ests shod e conicated in the saet data sheet - 108 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

2.1..1 ecision loic TE 2.1 ecision loic fo sstances an ites coosie to etals DEETED EE

iid desensitied explosives explosive sstances or ixtres hich are dissolved or sspended in ater or other liid sstances, to for a hoogeneos liid ixtre to arning sppress their explosive properties

2.1.2 lassification criteria

Any explosive hile in a desensitied state shall e considered in this class nless, in that state

a t is intended to prodce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect

nstae eosies as deined in Chate can aso e staiied desensitiation and conseent a e cassiied as desensitied eosies oided a citeia o Chate ae et In this case the desensitied eosie shod e tested accodin to test seies (at I o the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia ecase inoation aot its sensitieness to echanica stii is ie to e iotant o deteinin conditions o sae handin and se he ests shod e conicated in the saet data sheet - 109 - Copyright@United Nations, 2017. All rights reserved

Table 2.1.1: riteria for desensitized explosives 2.1..1 ecision loic

ateory riteria o classify desensitized explosives data for the explosive potential and the corrected burning rate should be determined as described in art of the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods 1 esensitized explosives ith a corrected burning rate (AC) eual to or greater than gmin but not more than 12 gmin Mana o ests and Citeia. Classification is according to decision logic 2.1.1.

2 esensitized explosives ith a corrected burning rate (AC) eual to or greater than 1 gmin but ecision loic fo esensitie eplosies less than gmin

3 esensitized explosives ith a corrected burning rate (AC) eual to or greater than gmin but less than 1 gmin he substancemixture is a solid or liuid esensitized explosives ith a corrected burning rate (AC) less than gmin

esensitied eosies shod e eaed so that the eain hooeneos and do not seaate din noa stoae and handin atica i desensitied ettin he anactesie shod ie inoation in the saet data sheet aot the sheie and instctions on eiin desensitiation nde cetain oes it contain an explosive substance or mixture hich is conditions the content o desensitiin aent (e heatie ettin aent o teatent a decease din phlegmatized to suppress the explosive properties No Not classified as a s and se and ths the haad otentia o desensitied eosie a incease In addition the saet data sheet desensitized explosive shod incde adice on aoidin inceased ie ast o otection haads hen the sstance o ite is not sicient desensitied es ay fall ithin the scope of other physical hazard esensitied eosies a e teated dieent o soe eato oses (e tansot s the exothermic decomposition energy classes Cassiication o soid desensitied eosies o tansot oses is addessed in Chate section o the less than g es Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mode Reations Cassiication o iid desensitied eosies is addessed in Chate section o the Mode Reations No osie oeties o desensitied eosies shod e deteined test seies o the Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia and shod e conicated in the saet data sheet o testin o iid desensitied eosies o tansot oses ee to est (a) (b) section ssection o the Mana o ests and Citeia estin o soid desensitied eosies o tansot Explosive oses is addessed in section ssection o the Mana o ests and Citeia ivision 1.1

o the oses o stoae s and se desensitied eosies do not a additiona ithin the s the result a mass explosion es scoe o chates (eosies (aae iids and (aae soids anger 2.1.3 azard counication No

eneral and specific considerations concerning labelling reuirements are provided in aad urning rate test conication aein (Chapter 1.). Annex 1 contains summary tables about classification and labelling. Annex (art subsection 1.) contains examples of precautionary statements and pictograms hich can be used here alloed by the competent Explosive authority. ivision 1.1

Table 2.1.2: abel eleents for desensitized explosives

ateory 1 ateory 2 ateory 3 ateory s the result a mass explosion es anger ybol lame lame lame lame inal ord anger anger arning arning No azard ire blast or proection ire or proection hazard; ire or proection ire hazard; increased stateent hazard; increased ris increased ris of hazard; increased ris ris of explosion if AC 12 gmin es Hazard class “Explosives” of explosion if explosion if desensitizing of explosion if desensitizing agent is (see criteria in Chapter 2.1) desensitizing agent is agent is reduced desensitizing agent is reduced reduced reduced No

2.1. Decision loic and uidance

he decision logic and guidance hich follo are not part of the harmonized classification system but have been provided here as additional guidance. t is strongly recommended that the person responsible for classification studies the criteria before and during use of the decision logic.

Table 2.1.1: riteria for desensitized explosives 2.1..1 ecision loic

2 esensitized explosives ith a corrected burning rate (AC) eual to or greater than 1 gmin but ecision loic fo esensitie eplosies less than gmin

o the oses o stoae s and se desensitied eosies do not a additiona ithin the s the result a mass explosion es scoe o chates (eosies (aae iids and (aae soids anger 2.1.3 azard counication No

Table 2.1.2: abel eleents for desensitized explosives

2.1. Decision loic and uidance

o aeor

≥ 300 kg/min but es ≤ 1200 kg/min? aer

aeor

≥ 140 kg/min but es i aer

o aeor T 3 ≥ 60 kg/min but i es ari

o ET D aeor

i es ari

2.1..2 uidance

e classiicaio procedre or desesiized explosives does o appl i

a e ssaces or ixres coai o explosives accordi o e crieria i aper or

e exoeric decoposiio eer is less a

e exoeric decoposiio eer sold e deeried si e explosive alread desesiized ie e ooeos solid or liids ixre ored e explosive ad e ssaces sed o sppress is explosive properies e exoeric decoposiio eer a e esiaed si a siale calorieric ecie see ecio ssecio i ar o e Recoendations on the ansot o aneos oods Mana o ests and Citeia

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