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The Letters of Richard Hanmer Bunbury to His Father, 1841-1847

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The Letters of Richard Hanmer Bunbury to His Father, 1841-1847 Aboriginal people and Frontier Violence: the letters of Richard Hanmer Bunbury to his father, 1841-1847 By Professor Ian D. Clark Ian D. Clark is Professor of Tourism in the Faculty of Business at Federation University. He has a Doctorate from Monash University in Aboriginal historical geography. His book ‘We Are All of One Blood: A History of the Djabwurrung Aboriginal People of Western Victoria, 1836-1901’ was awarded the Local History Project Award in the Victorian Community History Awards 2016. Other areas of interest include the history of tourism, place names, and the music and life of Ella Jane Fitzgerald. In this peer reviewed article he draws on his extensive knowledge of Aboriginal people. In 1841, twenty-eight year old station, and some are of botanical Richard Hanmer Bunbury, a veteran specimens (see p.--). Regrettably, of service in the Royal Navy, which none are of Aboriginal people. left him with only one hand, arrived in the Port Phillip District of New South * * * Wales, gripped by an ‘epidemical rage for colonisation’. Through close Richard Hanmer Bunbury, born 18 relationships with officials such as December 1813 at Mildenhall, Suffolk, Charles Joseph La Trobe, he lost no England, was the fourth and youngest time in pursuing squatting interests in son of Lieut.-General Sir Henry the Grampians (Gariwerd) district. Edward Bunbury (1778-1860), 7th This paper examines his relationships Baronet, and Louisa Amelia Fox, his with the Djab Wurrung Aboriginal first wife. He entered the Royal Navy people1 of Mount William (Duwil), on 23 January 1827, obtained his first and publishes extracts from his commission on 31 July 1833 and correspondence with his father on ultimately reached the rank of Aboriginal matters. It reveals that Captain.3 According to Burkes although he made many perceptive Peerage, the Bunbury family was of observations of Aboriginal lifeways, Norman origin, originally called St. he accepted the view, common on the Pierre, adopting the Bunbury name frontier, that Europeans should be from the manor of Bunbury, part of armed at all times, and that Aboriginal the lands they obtained at the people could not be trusted around Conquest.4 stations. On 19 December 1838 in England, We are fortunate that the Bunbury Hanmer Bunbury the name by family correspondence spanning the which he was usually known years from 1824 to 1872 has married Sarah Susanna (Sally) Sconce survived, and excerpts from letters (b.1816), eldest daughter of Robert with an Aboriginal content are Clement Sconce, Chief Commissary of published here, in full, for the first Navy at Malta, and Sarah Knox. They time.2 Many sketches by Richard had a family of seven children.5 He Hanmer Bunbury are held in the died in Melbourne on 23 April 1857, National Gallery of Victoria; they are at Murray’s Prince of Wales Hotel, primarily of scenes at and near Barton Flinders Lane East.6 His family then 1 left Australia for England where Sarah described, that he had been ‘seized Bunbury died in 1872. with this epidemical rage for colonisation’ and no parental Billis and Kenyon mistakenly claim argument could ‘divert him from his that Bunbury arrived in Port Phillip in scheme of settling in Australia’.11 February 1836, but he did not arrive Fellow squatter Colin Campbell at Mt until 1 March 1841.7 He emigrated Cole recalled how the ’excitement on with his wife Sarah, her brother the revelation of a new country which Robert Knox (Bob) Sconce (later was opened up by Batman and others Anglican minister at St Andrew’s, during 1835 to 1840 combined with Sydney) and Robert’s wife Elizabeth the Australia Felix discoveries of Catherine (Lizzie) Repton, on the Major Mitchell had raised Argyle. Georgiana McCrae was a expectations to the highest pitch’.12 It fellow cabin passenger, and so were was dubbed 'Major Mitchell's William Campbell, James Hamilton Australia fever' and Australia Felix McKnight, and James Irvine, later was commonly referred to as an well-known squatters in the Western 'Eden' and 'a promised land.' H.S. District.8 On arrival, Bunbury rented Wills commented in his 1843 diary Forest Hill Cottage, Brunswick Street, about the manic speculation in the Newtown (now Fitzroy) in March Port Phillip District: 1841 for six months, while also purchasing Stanney on Darebin Creek, During the last three years what an with the intention of moving there entire revolution has taken place in once their Forest Hill lease expired. the affairs of the colony! At the On 7 August 1841, Bunbury was commencement of this period, appointed magistrate in the Port speculation was a mania, and Phillip District. Subsequent indulged in to an unprecedented appointments were Superintendent of extent. The Crown lands of Port Water Police, Williamstown, in Phillip realised enormous and, in September 1842; first Harbour our infantile state, the most Master, Port of Melbourne, in preposterous sums.13 February 1844, and Water Police Bunbury’s older brother, Henry 9 Magistrate. William St Pierre Bunbury, had served In Melbourne the Bunburys were as a lieutenant in the 21st regiment selective in terms of who they which was stationed in New South socialised with: primarily the La Wales, Tasmania, and Western Trobes, Dr and Mrs Meyer, Georgiana Australia from 1834 to 1837. Whilst McCrae, Mr and Mrs Lyon Campbell, in Western Australia Henry explored and Major and Mrs St John.10 Several the country between Pinjarra and sketches by Sarah Bunbury are held in Busselton and his diary contains the State Library Victoria collection, comments on the local Aboriginal including one of the La Trobes’ house people and their way of life.14 He gave at Jolimont. his younger brother advice about which district to settle in and warned ‘Seized with this epidemical rage for him to be wary of Aboriginal people.15 colonisation’ Within weeks of arriving in Hanmer Bunbury’s motives for Melbourne, Hanmer Bunbury was emigrating were, as his father making preparations to visit Horatio 2 Wills’ station in the Grampians where ‘failed’. Some were forced out by 300 head of cattle were available for insolvency, such as the Kirklands of purchase at £5 per head. As the Trawalla; others such as Hanmer Aboriginal people in this district were Bunbury avoided bankruptcy by finding considered a problem another station employment in the public service. stockman would be required. Nevertheless the ‘general opinion is Captain Bunbury held the Barton that if you treated them well there licence from April 1841 and sold it to was nothing to be feared’.16 In April Thomas Chirnside in February 1850. he decided to take over squatting The property is described as of rights to the station which is referred ‘38,000 acres carrying 2,000 head of to in correspondence as Mt William cattle, at the head of Mt. William and Barton. The slab and bark hut Creek’.21 He also held Moora Moora was named Barton Hall, after his (1844-1848), and Saintfield (1849- family home in Suffolk. 1850). By March 1842, neighbours at Barton included Horatio Spencer A minority of pastoralists in the Howes Wills who had settled on land 1840s did not live on their stations near Mount William, which he had but placed them in the hands of sold to Bunbury to form Barton; superintendent-managers. Hanmer William Musgreave Kirk at Bunbury appointed a superintendent Burrumbeep; Thomas Chirnside at named Grigsby or Gregsby, who was Mount William, a run initially taken by from Maidstone in Kent.17 His own Alfred Taddy Thomson; and Charles poor health and need for ready access Browning Hall at Lexington, La Rose to medical assistance prevented him and Mokepilly. Bunbury notes in a from living full-time at Barton. March letter: Diagnosed as having an enlarged left cavity of the heart, it was [Mr Acheson French] is now Police recommended that he rest and avoid Magistrate at a place called the worry.18 War injuries may also have Grange [present-day Hamilton] influenced his decision. As a thirteen- about forty miles from Barton, so year-old midshipman, he had lost his that we shall be well within visiting right hand on 20 October 1827 in the distance, and they will be our Battle of Navarino at Pylos during the pleasantest neighbours. Our near Greek War of Independence against neighbours are numerous, but with the Ottoman Empire.19 one exception no society though R.B. Thompson has noted that ‘success many good friendly neighbours, as a squatter in the Western District was willing to assist and support one never assured, even with its advantages another, whenever they can. Barton of reliable rainfall and grassy plains. A being upward of 170 from constant state of anxiety from the need Melbourne by the road, you may to make important decisions, often imagine that we shall be more without experience or precedent, and solitary than is quite safe, considering the disposition of the with profound commercial 22 consequences, was reinforced by an blacks. uncertain economic environment of Bunbury and the Djab Wurrung boom and bust’.20 In his study of thirty Aboriginal people squatters he found that thirteen were ‘successful’ and sixteen ultimately 3 In a letter dated 3 August 1841, Hanmer brother’s advice, and more from other tells his father that: ‘It is a pretty place is colonists about the habits and character Barton. I wish we were living there of the Aboriginal people: though the blacks are rather troublesome’. In signing off he notes Both in the town and also in my trip ‘Your truly affnt son Captain Boomering up the country I have been making as the blacks call me, Hanmer B.’. It is enquiries about the Blacks and their likely that ‘Boomering’ is the Djab habits and character and making Wurrung attempt at pronouncing due allowance for the prejudices of Bunbury; alternatively, it may be their the settlers and their people.
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