DOCSLIB.ORG

Continuity Or Change? Immigration Policy in Chile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Continuity Or Change? Immigration Policy in Chile University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020-01-10 Continuity or change? Immigration policy in Chile Pando Burciaga, Elizabeth Pando Burciaga, E. (2020). Continuity or change? Immigration policy in Chile (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/111531 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Continuity or change? Immigration policy in Chile by Elizabeth Pando Burciaga A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2020 Ó Elizabeth Pando Burciaga 2020 Abstract Since the return to democracy in the 1990s, Chile has become a destination for immigrants from South American countries. ResponDing to increases in immigration, governments have enacted a series of policies aimed mainly at social assistance and regularization for immigrants. These policies, however, have been adopted without repealing Decree-Law 1094 of 1975 (DL 1094), Chile’s law on immigration, created by presiDential Decree During the military government of Augusto Pinochet. Far from managing immigration and the integration of immigrants into Chilean society, DL 1094 was conceiveD as an instrument to securitize immigration policy and keep foreigners out. This dissertation addresses the question of how Chilean governments after the return to democracy have expanded the rights of immigrants when they shoulD have been constrained by DL 1094. The study reveals that such advances have been made possible thanks to a gradual process resulting from the accumulation of small changes as policy actors find gaps and ambiguities and “builD around” formal immigration institutions. The policy-making process is analyzed in three Distinct venues: central government, municipal governments, and the judicial branch. The study reveals first, that while actors in these three venues have no formal authority over immigration policy, they have acquired new responsibilities and created policies that effectively put boundaries around DL 1094; second, actors recruited into this policy area employ frames that discuss immigration policy in depoliticizeD ways, arising from each group of actors’ particular venue; anD third, this study finds that actors advance policies without dismantling the existing rules, but insteaD bypass, reinterpret, anD build arounD them. ii Preface I first learneD about immigration in Chile thanks to an article on the topic of immigration anD carework, which discusseD the market-place for Peruvian careworkers in Santiago and how the institution of carework was being transformeD thanks to new immigration patterns into the country. The traditional Chilean nanas (nannies) were being replaced by women from Peru anD other neighboring countries who performed the same services for Santiago’s midDle anD upper classes, albeit under more Difficult conDitions as a result of their immigration status. This led me to question how the Chilean state was managing (or failing to manage) this “new migration.” On the one hand, it appeared as if the state had completely abandoned its role in setting policy in this area, primarily because Decree-Law 1094 (DL 1904), Chile’s immigration decree adopted by Augusto Pinochet just two years after arriving to power in a military coup in 1973, is still the country’s highest immigration legislation. On the other hanD, I quickly learneD about a number of policies that were beneficial to immigrants, especially to those who tenDeD to have more precarious status, such as “undocumented,” or as Chileans will say, irregular immigrants. For example, one of such policies is the visa for pregnant women, which seemed to me to be an extremely progressive program. The program allows pregnant women who are in the country without a proper visa to obtain one, anD to access medical care During their pregnancy at no cost. Furthermore, their children born in Chile automatically obtain Chilean citizenship under the ius solis regime. As anyone who is familiar with Debates in CanaDa anD the UniteD States concerning the so-calleD “anchor babies” or “birth tourism” knows, healthcare iii access for immigrants, especially pregnant immigrants, is neither a given nor a popular policy. How coulD this be possible? How coulD the Chilean state abDicate its role in creating immigration policy yet produce some very progressive immigration policies at the same time? This dissertation is my attempt to provide an answer to this initial puzzle. Through my research, I have come to conclude that advances in immigration policy have been possible in spite of restrictive immigration legislation, DL 1094, thanks to the work of policy actors who have found ways to “build around” formal institutions in charge of immigration anD graDually replace them. This is why to an observer it could appear as if there is policy change and at the same time there is continuity with past legacies. Even though this approach has allowed actors to advance policy in the absence of immigration reform, the strategy of “builDing around” formal institutions is not without tensions. Without immigration reform, the Chilean state continues the legacy of an authoritarian regime anD threatens to revert advances in policy thus far. iv Acknowledgements Completing this dissertation has been possible thanks to the support and encouragement of numerous indiviDuals. These words of acknowledgement are not enough to express my gratituDe to all of them. I wish to thank first Dr. Susan Franceschet, my Dissertation supervisor, for sharing her expertise and advice throughout the Different stages of this work, as well as for her unending patience and support, but more than anything, for giving me the confidence to complete this project. My gratituDe as well to the members of my supervisory committee, Dr. Pablo Policzer and Dr. Melanee Thomas, for their Detailed review of my work, for raising important questions, and for their constructive feedback. I also wish to thank the Social Sciences anD Humanities Research Council of Canada for providing me with funDing to complete this work. This dissertation coulD not have been possible without those who kindly accepted to be interview participants; thank you for your interest in my work, for generously opening your doors to me, and for the work you do every Day. I also wish to thank the following faculty anD staff members in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary for their kind support during my stuDies: Dr. Brenda O’Neill, Dr. Jack Lucas, Dr. Antonio Franceschet, Dr. Joshua Goldstein, and Dr. Mark Baron, as well as Ella Wensel, Judi Powell, Denise Retzlaff, Bonnie Walter, and Jessica Daigle. I am especially grateful to Mariana Mota anD Jeanne Liendo, as their frienDship has meant so much to me throughout this project and beyond. I also wish to thank DaviD Torre, Janine Giles, Jen Sidorova, Ricardo Vernet, anD Comfort Kwarteng, for their kinD support anD interest in my work. v The Latin American Research Centre at the University of Calgary was also my intellectual home throughout this enDeavour; thus, my thanks to Monique GreenwooD, Carolina Camelo, Rogelio Velez, Dr. Pablo Policzer (as LARC Director), Dr. HenDrik Kraay, anD Dr. Stephen RanDall, for your deDication in fostering a community of Latin Americanists. I would also like to thank Joanna Buhr anD Rosario Acosta for their continued support and friendship over the years. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Terrazas family, especially Leticia, Sergio, Estefania, anD Richard. Tambien quiero agradecer a mi madre, Elizabeth Burciaga, a mi padre, Alfredo Pando, y mi hermana, Abril Velasco; gracias por estar conmigo siempre y apoyarme en este proyecto, incluso mucho antes de yo saberlo. Lastly, I wish to thank Carlos Rodriguez, Rogelio Rodriguez, Rebeca Rodriguez, anD Octavia Rodriguez Pando, for their love anD encouragement; as this project comes to an enD, I cannot help but think of all the things we will now learn together. vi Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ........................................................................................................................................................ iii AcknowleDgements ................................................................................................................................... v Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................................................... x Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................... xi 1. Immigration policy in Chile: explaining the pro-immigrant turn ............................................... 1 1.1 Chile’s new immigration meets the “the same old institutions” ......................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chilean Visa Service Centre
    CHILEAN VISA SERVICE CENTRE Family Reunification is one of the most important aspects of safe, orderly, and regular migration. The principle of family unity is recognized and protected under international law, amongst others through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Through its extensive migration management expertise, IOM stands ready to assist its Member States as they take measures to facilitate family reunification, which is in line with: Goal 10.7: Facilitate orderly, Objective 5: Enhance availability Objective 3: Migration should safe, regular and responsible and flexibility of pathways for take place in a safe, orderly and migration and mobility. regular migration. dignified manner. AN INNOVATIVE AND TAILORED OPERATIONAL RESPONSE The most recent example is the Chilean Visa Service Centre (Centro de Atención de Visados para Chile - CAVC) which was officially opened on 20 August 2018 on behalf of the Consular Section of the Embassy of Chile in Haiti. The centre was established following an agreement between IOM and the Government of Chile to provide visa support services to assist Haitians wishing to join their families in Chile through the Family Reunification Visa Program. Chile’s steady economic growth, political stability and relatively open job market have made it one of the more attractive destinations for a rising number of migrants in recent years, many from crisis-affected countries, such as Venezuela, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. From 2007 to 2015, immigration to Chile is estimated to have increased by 143% or 465, 000 people.
    [Show full text]
  • Peruvian Migration to Chile: Challenges for National Identity, Human Rights and Social Policy
    Solange Muñoz September 5, 2005 CLASPO Report: Summer 2005 Chile and CELADE Peruvian Migration to Chile: Challenges for National Identity, Human Rights and Social Policy Introduction My field research was conducted in Santiago, Chile over the course of approximately 8 weeks, with the support of the Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE), an institute affiliated with the Comisión Economica Para América Latina (CEPAL) of the United Nations, and under the guidance of Jorge Martínez, who has worked extensively on the topic of international migration within the region and in Chile. My research was on Peruvian migration to Chile. I directed my field research toward developing a general understanding of the legal, political and social conditions of the Peruvian migrant communities in Santiago. My analysis focused on the different organizations (local, state, non-governmental and international) that work with the Peruvian migrant communities; the main issues surrounding these communities, the different programs that they provide, their effectiveness and goals, if and how these organizations collaborate with each other and the effectiveness of this collaboration. NGO’s, grassroots, local and even international organizations are an increasingly important actor in relation to such issues as policy making, group rights, social participation and justice. For this reason I was interested in looking at the social organizations working with the Peruvian migrant community in Santiago, Chile. Social organizations not only represent this specific migrant community, but they often play a significant role in determining how this community is viewed and the debates surrounding it. I suggest that although organizations and interest groups exist as an alternative form of representation (versus what historically was the State), these same organizations can also determine the problems and debates that may ultimately characterize the situation and opportunities of the Peruvian migrant communities in Chile.
    [Show full text]
  • A Posthumanist Account of the Río Cruces Disaster in Valdivia, Chile
    SWANS, ECOLOGICAL STRUGGLES AND ONTOLOGICAL FRACTURES: A Posthumanist Account of the Río Cruces Disaster in Valdivia, Chile by Claudia Sepúlveda A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Geography) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) February 2016 © Claudia Sepúlveda, 2016 Abstract This is a dissertation on ontological struggles –that is, struggles between competing ways of performing the world. More precisely, I study the ontological opening resulting from such struggles once what I call dominant performations are exposed to revision and room is made for non-dominant ontologies, such as alternative human/nature entanglements. I analyze the ontological opening provoked by a landmark event in Valdivia, Chile: the Río Cruces ecological disaster that since 2004 has affected a protected wetland and its colony of black-necked swans. The disaster, that followed the installation of a new pulp-mill by ARAUCO, one of the world’s largest pulpwood companies, sparked an unprecedented mobilization with long-lasting effects. Staying close to the “doings” of the actors, my political ontological interpretation describes, first, how the disaster exposed ARAUCO’s environmental practices as constitutive of its way of performing the forest business and, doing so, also fractured Chile’s until then dominant business model. Second, I describe how the disaster revealed the workings of environmental procedures and the techno-scientific knowledges upon which they were based provoking the breakdown of Chile’s environmental edifice and its ensuing reform. Third, I follow the ontological struggle that the disaster unleashed around Valdivia’s identity once dominant performations tied to the city’s industrial past were confronted.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile the Nation of Chile Is a Republic Located in South America. It Is
    Chile Location and Geography The nation of Chile is a republic located in South America. It is bordered on the northern side by Peru, on the eastern border of Bolivia and Argentina, and bounded on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Chile averages in width by only 180 km (110 mi) or less, but measures in great length from north to south at approximately 4,270 km (about 2,650 mi). Cape Horn is the southernmost point of South America, which is preceded by a series of Chilean islands found in the South Pacific. These islands include Wellington Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y Gomez. The entire nation of Chile contains an area of 756,626 sq km (292,135 sq mi). The republic of Chile also claims a portion of the continent of Antarctica. Latitudinal, Chile can be separated into three geographical and climatologically regions: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions. In the northern region of Chile, the ranges of the Andes are at its widest, forming very broad plateaus and containing many mountains. Chile’s highest peak, Ojos del Sado, is approximately (6,880m/22,572ft). The country’s finest natural harbors and agricultural heartland can be found in the central region of Chile. This region is very fertile and is known as the Central Valley. The southern region disappears below the sea and is indented by numerous fjords. Chile is geologically instable and is susceptible to earthquakes and volcanic activity. Climate Chile has a diversity of climates due to its great and vast latitudinal range.
    [Show full text]
  • Significados Que Los Sujetos De Intervención Le Atribuyen a La Relación Profesional Desarrollada Con Trabajadores Sociales
    Significados que los Contesting stigma: sujetos de intervención afro-descendant le atribuyen a la migrants in Santiago, relación profesional Chile / Impugnando desarrollada con el estigma: migrantes trabajadores sociales afro-descendientes en CARMEN GLORIA JARPA Santiago de Chile. PAMELA CASTILLO MELISSA M. VALLE KAREN TORO Trabajo social chileno Aculturación en las y dictadura militar. ciencias sociales: Memoria profesional y la división del trabajo de las prácticas de olvido disciplinas sociales en la PATRICIA CASTAÑEDA MENESES política pública ANA MARÍA SALAMÉ COULON LUIS SARMIENTO Ética para la intervención social. Los valores aportados por el Trabajo Social y las éticas del cuidado y no paternalista como modelos de referencia para la práctica profesional CARLA CUBILLOS VEGA DICIEMBRE 20 87 14 ISSN 0716-9736 / Revista Trabajo Social / No 87 / Diciembre 2014 Afro-Descendant Migrants in Santiago, Chile: Stigma Processes and Rhetorical Resistance MELISSA M. VALLE Ph.D. Candidate Columbia University. Department of Sociology- Knox Hall 606 W. 122nd Street New York, New York 10027; [email protected] Summary This exploratory study seeks to demonstrate the mechanisms which lead to reduced life chances for marginalized groups, as well as to understand how they negotiate stigma perspectives that suggest their identities have been devalued. It provides a qualitative empirical account of the experiences of Afro-descendants presently living in Santiago, Chile, and contributes to the de- bate on the realities of migrants in Latin America from the perspective of an understudied, often marginalized and excluded population. Forty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult migrants of visibly of African-descent (27 female, 22 male) from 4 continents and 15 countries, between April and May 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Cesifo Working Paper No. 8177
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Baten, Jörg; Llorca-Jaña, Manuel Working Paper Inequality, Low-Intensity Immigration and Human Capital Formation in the Regions of Chile, 1820-1939 CESifo Working Paper, No. 8177 Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Baten, Jörg; Llorca-Jaña, Manuel (2020) : Inequality, Low-Intensity Immigration and Human Capital Formation in the Regions of Chile, 1820-1939, CESifo Working Paper, No. 8177, Center for Economic Studies and ifo Institute (CESifo), Munich This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/216573 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made
    [Show full text]
  • Chile, 40 Years Later …
    Chile, 40 years later … IN MEMORY OF 11 FRENCH HOSTAGES MURDERED BY PINOCHET 11.09.2013 : 40 years after SALVADOR ALLENDE’s death This text may be of interest to you, for one or two reasons 1st Reason: If you consider that Human Rights must be prioritized above everything else. It may interest you if you consider that there is no case for wich Torture should be allowed. Similarly, if you consider that in politics the end can not justify the means. 2nd Reason: If you consider that it is important to give consideration to the public interest, then this text can be of interest to you. Similarly, if you consider that our system contains unjustified inequalities that need to be corrected. For all of these reasons, thank you and happy reading. 1 A French hostage survivor, give us his testimony 40 years later … … Contents 1 - Introduction 3 2 - In memory of eleven French hostages murdered by Pinochet's regime 4 3 - Justice for the French hostages murdered by Pinochet's regime 8 4 - The dictatorship reaches out to Argentina and Uruguay 9 5 - In memory of sixteen French hostages murdered in Argentina 10 6 – Pinochet’s Dictatorship - More than 3 000 murdered and disappeared 13 7 - The pain of families 16 8 - Political repressive organizations and the extreme rightwing civilians 18 9 - The fate of the disappeared 20 10 – Pinochet’s French hostages who survived 22 11 - Prison and torture: reparation, but with impunity 23 12 - Torture: detailed testimony of a French survivor 27 13 - Chile: level of the exile according to the UN - "Exonerados" 36 14
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Market Integration of Intraregional Immigrants' in Chile
    José Ignacio Carrasco, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, [email protected] Labour market integration of intraregional immigrants’ in Chile: The role of informality ABSTRACT This article provides an analysis of employment and occupational attainment of immigrants to Chile. We use data from the Chilean household survey for the years 2013, 2015, 2017, and compare the probabilities of being active, employed and informally employed among immigrants and native-born Chileans, using logistic regression models. The second part of the paper then analyses occupational attainment achieved, as well as the role of informality in constraining upward mobility by means of multinomial logistic regression models. After controlling for sociodemographic confounding factors and the role of time since arrival, we find evidence that immigrants are not at disadvantage compared with natives regarding activity and unemployment. Risk of informal employment is more likely among women during the first years since arrival. We find evidence of a diversified assimilation which depends on migration origin and gender. Employment informality among Latin American immigrants seems to be reducing access to higher skilled and quality jobs compared to formal migrants, but it does not necessarily constrain upward mobility. Keywords: immigrants’ assimilation, labour market segmentation, informality, Chile, Latin America. INTRODUCTION As part of the shift towards intraregional migration driving international movements in the Latin- American region during the last decades, Chile has become a hub for Latin-American immigration, confirmed by an increase of the its migration stock from 1.2 per cent in 2002 to 7,8 per cent out of the total population in 2019. Out of the 1.49 million of foreigners (INE & DEM, 2020) counted in 2019, 80% arrived during the last decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Migration and Ethnicity in Santiago
    9 INTERNAL MIGRATION AND ETHNICITY IN SANTIAGO Scott Sadowsky and María José Aninao Introduction This chapter examines the Spanish spoken in Santiago, Chile, and some of the effects that globalization, social dynamics, migration, and ethnicity have had on it. We first contextualize Santiago’s place on the national and global stage and then detail the particularizing features of Chilean Spanish, with emphasis on the high degree of sociolinguistic variation it manifests. We explore the attitudes of Santiago’s inhabitants toward their own and other varieties of Spanish, toward English, and toward concepts of linguistic correctness, before reviewing a series of key language issues. The relationship between the Mapuche people and the Spanish language in Chile is then examined. We trace the history of the Mapuches, with emphasis on their migra- tory movements to Santiago, and then move on to the main focus of this chapter: monolingual Mapuche Spanish and the impact that migration to Santiago has had on it. We review the main features of the Spanish of Mapudungun–Spanish bilinguals and then present the results of an original study of two of these features in Mapuches who speak only Spanish: the voicing and/ or lenition of /p/. The frequency and distribution of these phenomena in speakers from the Araucanía region (the traditional Mapuche homeland) and in descendants of Mapuche migrants to Santiago are analyzed. The main findings are as follows: Mapuche Spanish monolinguals from both regions exhibit patterns of /p/ allophony that mirror those of Mapudungun–Spanish bilinguals, while being strikingly different from those reported for other varieties of Spanish.
    [Show full text]
  • Chile's Decree-Law 1094
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2018 Chile’s Decree-Law 1094: A Source of Immigrant Vulnerability Joao M. Da Silva The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2839 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] CHILE’S DECREE-LAW 1094: A SOURCE OF IMMIGRANT VULNERABILITY by JOÃO MAURICIO DA SILVA A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2018 © 2018 JOÃO MAURICIO DA SILVA All Rights Reserved ii Chile’s Decree-Law 1094: A Source of Immigrant Vulnerability by João Mauricio Da Silva This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Monica Varsanyi Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Chile’s Decree-Law 1094: A Source of Immigrant Vulnerability by João Mauricio Da Silva Advisor: Monica Varsanyi The South American nation of Chile is rapidly becoming a receiving nation for immigrants from other South American nations and the Caribbean. By December 31, 2017, the immigrant population had surpassed 1.1 million, 300,000 of whom are in irregular status.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Attitudes in Latin America
    SOUTH OF THE BORDER: IMMIGRATION ATTITUDES IN LATIN AMERICA DUNCAN F LAWRENCE B.A., Hamilton College, 2004 M.A., University of Colorado Boulder, 2009 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science 2013 This thesis entitled: South of the Border: Immigration Attitudes in Latin America written by Duncan Lawrence has been approved for the Department of Political Science (Dr. Jennifer Fitzgerald, Committee Chair) (Dr. Andy Baker, Committee Member) (Dr. Joanne Belknap, Committee Member) (Dr. David Brown, Committee Member) (Dr. Anand Sokhey, Committee Member) Date 01/18/2013 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol # 12-0032 Lawrence, Duncan Frederick (Ph.D., Political Science) SOUTH OF THE BORDER: IMMIGRATION ATTITUDES IN LATIN AMERICA Thesis directed by Professor Jennifer Fitzgerald This dissertation develops a greater understanding of immigration attitudes through four essays focused on an important migration hub, Latin America. Each essay either develops existing scholarship by providing highly specified empirical tests of important theoretical debates or utilizes an alternative framework to approach the analysis of immigration attitudes. The first essay (Chapter 2) addresses a long standing theoretical and empirical debate concerning the role of economic self-interest and education in shaping immigration attitudes. I demonstrate that concern over labor competition is not an important factor influencing immigration attitudes in Latin America and that education increases tolerance of foreigners.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/PR-0027-3223.Pdf (Accessed May 10, 2017)
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title To Govern is to Educate: Race, Education, and Colonization in La Araucanía, Chile (1883- 1920) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0gj0t3mj Author Green, Romina Akemi Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE To Govern is to Educate: Race, Education, and Colonization in La Araucanía, Chile (1883-1920) DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History by Romina Akemi Green Rioja Dissertation Committee: Professor Heidi Tinsman, Chair Professor Steve Topik Associate Professor Rachel O’Toole Associate Professor Alex Borucki 2018 © 2018 Romina Akemi Green Rioja DEDICATION To my unrelenting grandmothers who taught me to be courageous and about dedicated love; my grandpa Tata who always told me I would become a professor; my parents who taught me independence and gave me the perfect balance between science and art; my step-dad Charlie who supported my love for soccer and old cinema; my Chilean kitties who endured lack of playtime that I plan to make up; and my dear friends who were probably annoyed by my disappearance from social circles but, nevertheless, our bosom kinship survived. And to family and friends who have passed away since the start of my graduate studies: La Ti, my Chilean grandmother, Amalia Lamoza Tío Chalo, my oldest uncle, Oscar Rioja Aunt Fran, my great-aunt, Fran Bascom Juan Reyes, my mother’s third husband Adriana Bo, my Argentinian roommate David Rioja, my dear cousin Pablo Avendaño, my Argentinian revolutionary comrade If you're going to try, go all the way.
    [Show full text]