1
TWW/ William Walker: Grey-Eyed Maniac of Destiny, Notes
1 "It is the fate...": Frank Soule, John H. Ghion, and Isaac Nisbet, The Annals of Old San
Francisco, etc. (NewYork: Appleton, 1855), quoted in Laurence Greene, The Filibuster:
The Career of William Walker (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1937), pp. 26-27.
1 "INVASION...": Ambrose Bierce, The Enlarged Devil's.Dictionary, compo and ed.
Ernest J. Hopkins (New York: Doubleday, 1967), page 165.
1-.2 Walker's 1957 Nashville appearance: "General Walker at Home: Address to the
Citizens of Nashville," New York Herald, July 14, 18S7.
2 William "Rip" Robertson: Thomas Powers, The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard
Helms and the CIA (1979; rpt. New York: Pocket Books, 1981), page 419.
2 John J. Hooker: Haynes Johnson, et al., The Bay of Pigs: The Leaders' Story of Brigade
2506 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1964), pp. 244-45
2-3 Oliver North: Mike Pigott, "North due in city for fund-raiser," Nashville Banner,
August 17, 1988; "North to give speech at fund-raiser here Aug. 26," The Tennessean,
August 19, 1988; "North visiting city Friday to raise legal defense funds," Nashville
Banner, August 25, 1988; Beth Fortune, "Dukakis threat to freedom: North," Ibid.,
August 27, 1988.
3 "I love God and country...": Cynthia Floyd, "Protestors decry North role in scandal,"
The Tennessean, August 27, 1988.
3 Judith Thurman: Judith Thurman, "A Reporter At Large: Season," New Yorker, Vol.
LXIV, No.4 (March 14, 1988): 44-46, 49-50, 52, 54-57, 60-78.
3 "The Capital of Manifest Destiny": Jesse C. Burt, "Capital of Manifest Destiny," in his
Nashville, Its Life and Times (Nashville: Tennessee Book Co., 1959), pp. 41-45.
3 "It had kept its gates...": John Egerton, Nashville: The Faces of Two Centuries 1780-
1980 (Nashville: Century Nashville [Plusmedia], 1980), page 107.
3 "when Walker was growing up...": Noel B. Gerson, Sad Swashbuckler: The Life of
William Walker (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1976), page 12.
3-4 James Walker: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, William Walker: The Gray-Eyed Man of
Destiny, Vol. 1, The Crescent City (Lake Saint Louis, Mo.: privately printed, 1988),
page 15.
4 Nashville Insurance Company: Charles A. Marlin, "William Walker, The Gray-Eyed 2
Man of Destiny," The Nashville Tennessean, November 6, 1925.
4 Howard William Walker: Mrs. Joseph L. Weakley, Jr. ("Kate Thompson"), "Boyhood
for Howard William Walker: 'The Grey Eyed Man of Destiny' ," unpublished
manuscript, The Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville.
4 Walker and his mother: Miss Jane H. Thomas, Old Days in Nashville [plus historical
sketch of Nashville as of 1854 by J. G. M. Ramsey, M.D. added in 1969] (1897; rpt.
Nashville: Charles Elder, 1969), pp. 78-79.
4-5 "Then comes Sir Walter Scott...": Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi (New York: The
Heritage Press,1944), pp. 271-72.
5 Davidson Academy: Alfred Leland Crabb, "Davidson Academy 1785-1806," in
Peabody and Alfred Leland Crabb, ed. John E. Windrow (Nashville: Williams Press,
1977), pp. 27-29.
5 Agatherdian Society: H. Royston Lawson, "William Walker: His Early Life,"
manuscript (Sketches-Bio-II-H-1, Box 1, f. 35) Tennessee State Library and Archives,
Nashville.
5 Harney, Gen. William: L. U. Reavis, The Life and Military Services of Gen. William
Selby Harney (Saint Louis: Bryan, Brand & Co., 1878), page 43.
5 Cumberland College: Alfred Leland Crabb, "Cumberland College 1806-1826,"
Peabody, etc., op. cit., pp. 30-31.
5 Andrew Jackson Donelson: Hugo Ellis, "Donelson, Andrew Jackson," in The
Handbook of Texas, ed. Walter Prescott Webb, et al., Vol. I (Austin: The Texas State
Historical Assoc., 1952), pp. 512-13.
5-6 The Univ. of Nashville students: Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of the University
of Nashville (Nashville: A. Nelson, 1850).
6 Benjamin Butler Harris: Benjamin Butler Harris, The Gila Trail: The Texas Argonauts
and the California Gold Rush, ed. Richard J. Dillon (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press,
1960), page 6.
6 Peter Pitchlynn: W. David Baird, Peter Pitchlynn: Chief of the Choctaws (Norman:
Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1972; rpt. 1986), pp. 29-30.
6 Edward Dickson Hicks II: Alfred Leland Crabb, op. cit. "The University of Nashville 1826- 1875, op. cit., pp. 32-40. 3
6 William Hardeman: Nicholas Perkins Hardeman, Wilderness Calling: The Hardeman
Family in the American Westward Movement, 1750-1900 (Knoxville: The Univ. of
Tennessee Press, 1977), page 134.
6 dissertation on the iris: Albert Z. Carr, The World and William Walker (New York:
Harper & Row, 1963), page 10.
6 Dr. Jennings: Alenjandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., page 26.
6-7 Dr. John Berrien Lindsey: John Edwin Windrow, John Berrien Lindsley: Educator,
Physician, Social Philosopher (Chapel Hill: The Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1938),
pp. 11-12.
7 "What a striking lesson..."; "an angel...": "Letters from William Walker," Ibid.,
pp. 178 92.
7 1845-1848: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 74-79.
7 New Orleans Crescent: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 15-27.
7 James K. Polk: Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire 1854-1861
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1973; rpt. Athens: The Univ. of Georgia
Press, 1989), p. 23.
7-8 "The Unity of Art": William Walker, esq., The Unity of Art--An Address Delivered
Before the Alumni Society of the University of Nashville, October 3rd, 1848 (Nashville:
A. Nelson, "Record" Office, 1848).
8 black sombrero: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 22.
8 Ellen Martin: Ibid., pp. 6-7, 37; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., page 79.
8 duel: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 38.
8 sale of Crescent...move to California, re: Randolph: Ibid., page 41.
9 Herald: Ibid., pp. 56-57.
9 "people were honest...": Stanton A. Coblentz, Villains and Vigilantes: The Story of
James King of William and Pioneer Justice in California (1936; rev. ed. New York:
Thomas Yoselof, 1957), page 8.
9 San Francisco crime: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 26-27; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.,
pp. 56-58.
10 Herald editorials: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 58-59; "A Way to stop Crime," Alejandro
Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., Vol. II (Lake st. Louis, Mo.: privately printed, 1989), pp. 83-93. 4
10-11 Judge Parsons: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp.59-63; "Tucker Behind Bars," Alejandro
Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 94-102.
11 Graham Hicks: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 64-65.
11-12 Henry P. Watkins: Ibid., pp. 73-74.
12 law practice: Robert Glass Cleland, "California and Sonora: The Day of the
Filibusters," in his A History of California: The American Period (New York: Macmillan,
1922), pp. 323-42.
12 Apache murders in 1853: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 28-39.
12 "Golden Age of Filibusters": J. Fred Rippy, "Anglo-American Filibusters and the
Gadsden Treaty," The Hispanic-American Historical Review, Vol. V, No.2 (May 1922):
pp.155-80.
12 Walker in Guaymas, Sonora: Rufus Kay Wyllys, "The Republic of Lower California,
1853-1854," The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. II, No. X (1933): 194-213; Thomas Ray
Wilson, "William Walker and the Filibustering Expedition to Lower California and
Sonora," Master of Arts thesis, The Univ. of Texas, August 1944, pp. 38-39.
12 $500 bonds: AIbert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 78-80.
13 "the most headlong breed... ": Laurence Greene, op. cit., paqe 26.
13 departure of October 17: Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, op. cit., pp. 207-13.
13 La Paz invasion: Charles Frederick Hamsa, "William Walker's Mexican Adventure,"
Master of Arts history thesis, the Univ. of Nebraska, OctoDer 1968, pp. 51-59; Thomas
Ray Wilson, op. cit., pp. 46-49.
13-14 shootinq episode: Thomas Ray Wilson, op. cit., page 49.
14 Henry Watkins..."failures, wharf rats...": Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 34.
14 "who controls the destinies...": Robert Glass Cleland, op. cit.
14 three o'clock in the morning...Antonio Melendrez: Robert G. Cleland, "Bandini's of
Lower California," Huntington Library Quarterly, Vol. VII, No.2 (February 1944): 153-66;
James Mitchell Clarke, "Antonio Melendrez," Quarterly of the California Historical
Society, Vol. XII, No.4 (December 1933): 318-22.
15 "The marauders...": Robert G. Cleland, op. cit.
15 200 Mexicans!: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 83.
15 Gadsden Purchase: Ibid., pp. 84-85; Alejandro, Bolanos-Geyer, "The Gadsden 5
Connection," op. cit., pp. 244 -57 .
16 two floggings, two executions: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 41-42.
16 Sonora...crossing the Colorado River: Ibid., pp. 85-89.
16 corn jar shootinq: Thomas Ray Wilson, op. cit., pp. 69-70.
16-17 retreat to San Dieqo: Laurence Greene, op. cit., pp. 45-46; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.,
pp. 88-90.
17 Blandon Reyes: Gary Webb, "CIA helped fuel crack's rise in bid to aid Contras:
report," Nashville Banner, August 21,1996.
17 Watkins's trial: William O. Scroggs, "The Filibusters Before the Courts," op. cit.,
pp. 52-66; Charles Frederick Hamsa, op. cit., pp. 99-102; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer,
op. cit.
17-18 Walker's politics: William O. Scroggs, "Walker as a California Politician," Filibusters
and Financiers: The Story of William Walker and his Associates (New York: Macmillan,
1916, pp. 67-70; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 91-92; Alejandro Bolailos-Geyer,
"Champion of Broderick," op. cit., pp. 310-19.
18 Walker's trial: William O. Scroggs, "The Filibusters Before the Courts," op. cit., pp.52-
66; Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 96-97; Alejandro Bolanos-Geyer, "Acquitted,"
op. cit., pp. 320-27.
19 Chatham Roberdeau Wheat: Charles L. Dufour, Gentle Tiger: The Gallant Life of
Roberdeau Wheat (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1957), pp. 77-81, 90-99.
19 third duel: Laurence Green, op. cit., page 63; Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., Freebooters
Must Die! The Life and Death of William Walter, etc. (Wayne, Penn.: Haverford
House, 1976), page 75.
19-20 Henry A. Crabb: Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 60.
20 "colonization" contract: Ibid., page 59.
20 "of all shades...": Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 115.
20-21 fifty-eight men, "The Immortals": Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., pp. 76-78.
21 La Falange Americana: Ibid., page 80.
21 Rivas: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 124-25.
21 Granada: Ibid.
21 treatinq the wounded: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 132. 6
21 Indian legend: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 141.
21 Alta Californian: Ibid, paqe 141.
21-22 "Nicaraquan elections...": Ibid., pp. 189-90.
22 Wheeler: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., pp. 140-41 .
22 "Nashville Sound of Filibusterinq": G. T. Vigne, esq., "Nicaragua," in his Travels in
Mexico, South America, etc., Vol. I (London: Wm. H. Allen, 1863), pp. 79-100.
22 Galveston Weekly News: Earl W. Fornell, "Texans and Filibusters in the 1850s," The
Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. LIX, No.4 (April 1956): 411-28; Jeffrey A.
Zemler, "The Texas Press and William Walker in Nicaraqua," East Texas Historical
Journal, Vol. XXIV, No.1 (1986): 27-38.
22-23 Elleanore Callaghan: "Four Years in Nicaraqua with 'The Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny',"
Nashville Banner, October 12, 1912; "Documents I: With Walker in Nicaraqua--The
Reminiscences of Elleanore (Callaghan) Ratterman," Tennessee Historical Magazine,
Vol. I, No.4 (December 1915): 315-30; Ed Huddleston, Big Wheels and Little Wagons
(Nashville: Nashville Banner, n.d.), pp. 15-18 [reprints of 1959 articles]; Kevin Dockery,
"Nashville's history comes alive in six mini-dramas," Green Hills [Nashville] News, Vol.
8, No. 19 (May 16, 1996): 1.
23 General Corral: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 148-50.
23 Henry L. Kinney: Ibid., pp. 156-S9.
23-24 Parker French: Ibid., pp. 104, 159-62; Donald Dale Jackson, "Parker French, Flimflam
Man," True West, Vol. 35, No. 2 [whole No. 238] (February 1988): 14-18.
24 Garrison, Morgan affair: James P. Bauqhman, Charles Morgan and the
Development of Southern Transportation (Nashville: Vanderbilt Univ. Press, 1968),
pp. 77-85.
24 Parker French's lectures: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., paqe 163.
25 Walker's slavery proposal: William O. Scroggs, op. cit., pp. 210 -11 .
25 Catholics on slavery: Thomas Stritch, "Catholic Attitudes Toward Slavery," in his The
Catholic Church in Tennessee: The Sesquicentennial Story (Nashville: The Catholic
Center, 1987), pp. 136-46.
25 Texas newspapers re: slavery: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.; Jeffrey A. Zemler, op. cit.
25 600 troops versus 5000: Noel B. Gerson, op. cit., pp . 105, 108 . 7
25 Chatham Roberdeau Wheat: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., page 168; Laurence
Greene, op. cit., page 284.
26 New Orleans: Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 299.
26 Horace Greeley: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., page 221.
26 Alexander H. Stephens: Robert E. May, op. cit., page 114.
26 "Cobweb Palace": Herbert Asbury, The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San
Francisco Underworld (New York, N.Y.: Knopf, 1933), pp. 228-30.
26 Texas: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.
26-27 Felix Zollicoffer: Speech of Hon. Felix K. Zollicoffer of Tennessee on the Neutrality
Laws Delivered in the House of Representatives, January 13, 1858 (Wash., D.C.:
Congressional Globe Office, 1858).
27 1858 return to Nashville: Alfred Leland Crabb, "The Fifties--NashvilIe's Great Decade
(Cont.)," op. cit., pp. 85-92.
27 The War in Nicaragua: General William Walker, The War in Nicaragua [with a
"Foreward" by Robert Houston, 1985] (Mobile: S. H. Goetzel, 1860; rpt. Tucson: The
Univ. of Arizona Press, 1985).
28 Truxillo: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit., pp. 269-70.
28 Jane H. Thomas: Miss Jane H. Thomas, op. cit., pp. 78-79.
28 Norvell Salmon: Albert Z. Carr, op. cit.
28 box full of money: "Filibuster William Walker: The Vicissitudes of a Former Nashville
Lawyer in Nicaragua and Honduras," Manuscript Section, AC. No. 1209: Sketches--
Bioqraphy, II-H-1, Box 1, f. 35, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville.
28 execution: Albert Z. Crabb, op. cit., page 272.
28-29 "to renew...": Laurence Greene, op. cit., page 327.
29 Jane Thomas and Walker's rifle: Miss Jane H. Thomas, op. cit., page 79.
29 Henningson: Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., op. cit., page 215.
29 "The Wraith of William Walker": William G. Erwin, "William Walker," The
Taylor-Trotwood Magazine (March 1909): 507-09.
31 Knights of the Golden Circle: Earl W. Fornell, op. cit.;
Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire 1854-1861 (Baton Rouge:
Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1973), former New York Times bureau chief) A. J. 8
Langguth in "On Company Business," 1979 television documentary, on its video
reissue, Inside the CIA: On Company Business," Part 2, Assassination, Maljack
Productions (1987) .
33 Nicaraguan murder manual: Greider, William, "U.S. Sponsored Terrorism: The C.I.A.
has its own Good Book for Christian soldiers," Rolling Stone, No. 436 (December 6,
1984): 13-14, 16, 69.