Transparent Burnet Surveys on the Argyll Mainland

On the Spot

Glasgow and South West Scotland Branch Newsletter April 2017

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary. Bill Higgins

Contents Welcome to On the Spot 2016………………………..………………3 Branch AGM Notice…………………………………………………...4-5 2016 Events…………………………………………………………….6-7 Saving Our Beautiful Snout……………………………………..…....8-9 Peatland Projects……………………………………………………..10-11 Butterfly Records Summary for 2016 .……………………………..12-14 Orange-tip postcard survey…………………………………………..15 Glasgow & South-west Butterfly Conservation……………..……..16 Urban Butterfly Project Update……………………………...……....17 Branch Photographic Competition...………………………………...18-19 Forester Survey Results 2016 and Survey Plans for 2017 ..……..20-21 Transparent Burnet Surveys on the Argyll Mainland ……………...22-24 Two moths or not two moths: A play on Shakespeare! …...……...25 Transparent Burnet Surveys on the Argyll Mainland ……………...26-31 Glasgow and SW Branch Committee ………………………………..32

Newsletter edited by Anthony McCluskey

Butterfly Conservation Scotland Head Office Balallan House, Allan Park, Stirling, FK8 2QG Tel: 01786 447753. Email [email protected] Butterfly Conservation Head office and Membership Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP Tel: 0870 7744309. Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.butterfly-conservation.org

This magazine is published by the Glasgow & South West Scotland branch of Butterfly Conservation. Copyright © 2017. All Rights Reserved. All photographic images and text remain the copyright of the original creators as indicated. Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of the editors or of Butterfly Conservation either locally or nationally. The editor would welcome written and/or artwork contributions on all aspects of butterflies and moths in south west Scotland or further afield. Contributions for the next newsletter should be sent to the Newsletter Editor (contact details at back).

Welcome to On the Spot 2017 By Paul Mappleback, Branch Chairman

2016, the year that wasn’t: at least for butterflies in Scotland. I can’t remember a more miserably cold summer, here in Renfrewshire. All I can remember seeing last year were a few Orange Tips on the Gleniffer Braes, a single Tortoiseshell at Castle Semple and a pair of Red Admirals later in the year, at RSPB Lochwinnoch. I obviously need to get out more! However, Scott Shanks gives us an account of how they fared in the rest of the branch. So from one S.O.B.S. story to another, but this one has a happier ending. We obviously can’t control the weather, but we can control to a large extent the environment we live in. Find out what our valiant branch volunteers have been doing to improve the threatened habitat for one of the most recent additions to Scotland’s moth fauna. Much has been made of the lack of sunshine during the last season, but cloudy nights are better for moth trapping. So, after five years of trapping in my garden, I was pleasantly surprised to still be recording a first for me; a Lunar Marbled Brown, a widespread woodland moth. Dr Paul Tatner gives us a round- up of Vice County firsts for the branch which include one or two exciting new records for Scotland. For one species in particular it looks likely that someone has been very, very naughty in releasing breed stock in Renfrew. With climate change could the weather now be warm enough for the moth to establish itself in the Glasgow conurbation. Certainly there are plenty of Lime trees in the area. Andrew Masterman has continued his valuable work in Argyll with Forester and Burnet moth surveys; this time using one of the newly available pheromones. He describes how effective these new tools are at attracting the moths. Can they save us some leg work looking for these hard to spot species? Finally, I would like to extend the committee’s invitation to all to the Branch AGM and Member’s Day in May. As will be seen the event includes a walk and a speaker in the afternoon.

Invitation to the Branch Members Day & AGM, on Saturday 13st May 2017 commencing at 11.00 am. at Chatelherault Country Park Lecture theatre Visitor Centre, Carlisle Road, Ferniegair, Hamilton, ML3 7UE

Programme 11.00 am: Welcome: Paul Mapplebeck, Chair of SW Scotland Committee. Refreshments and a chance to have a look at the last night’s moth catch. Paul Mapplebeck, Branch Chairman. 11.20 – 1.00 pm: ‘A Butterfly Walk’ Discovering Chatelherault’s May Butterflies, Flora and Fauna. 1.00 – 2.00 pm: Picnic Lunch ‘As You Please’ (bring your own) 2.00 – 2.20 pm: Branch AGM and Treasurer's report – Raffle Draw 2.20 – 3.00 pm: Butterfly Conservation in Europe—Paul Kirkland 3.00 - 3.30 pm: Conservation in Action’ an overview of practical conservation work in the Branch. Paul Mapplebeck 3.30 – 3.40 pm: Q&A and Summing up. Paul Mapplebeck. 4.00 pm: Close Free entry – family, friends and non-members are all very welcome. Come for all or party of the event as suites you. Please let us know if you are coming by e-mailing Valerie Charlton, branch Secretary on [email protected] or write to: 13 Glenbank Court, Rouken Glen, G46 7EG

Getting to the Chatelherault Country Park, Hamilton http://www.visitlanarkshire.com/things-to-do/country-parks/chatelherault- country-park/ How to get there: By car: On the M74, take junction 6 towards Hamilton. Chatelherault is well signposted from the roundabouts leading into Hamilton. There is free parking. By bus: There are bus stops on either side of Carlisle Road in Ferniegair, which drop you off just outside the entrance to Chatelherault. The bus from to/from here takes a mere 5 minutes to/from Hamilton. Buses run frequently from the centre of Glasgow to Hamilton. By train: Chatelherault train station is situated near to the entrance of the park. This provides 2 trains from Glasgow (via Hamilton) per hour. There is free parking at the Country Park and disabled facilities. Let us know if you can offer a lift to other attendees. Ordnance Survey Ref: NS736 539

2017 Events All currently proposed events are subject to confirmation. Updates will be posted on the Branch Facebook page & Branch Events page on the main Butterfly Conservation website All outdoor events are subject to weather & may be cancelled at short notice (decision usually taken day before & if cancelled posted on Branch Facebook page & Branch Events page on the main Butterfly Conservation website). Appropriate clothing & footgear should be worn, on longer days bring some food & drink. We prefer advance booking so that we have an idea of expected numbers - either via the event listing on Branch Facebook page or email to [email protected] for all events listed below, except the Urban Butterfly ID events, for which you should email amccluskey@butterfly- conservation.org

06/05/17 Branch AGM & Members Meeting, Chatelherault Visior Centre, Ferniegair, Hamilton, ML3 7UE 14/05/17 11:00 Mabie Butterfly Walk, Mabie Forest, Dumfries DG2 8HB 20/05/17 13:00 Green Hairstreak Walk, Low Moss, Bishopbriggs G64 2TS 21/05/17 12:30 Green Hairstreak Walk, Muirshiel CP, Calder Glen Road, Lochwinnoch PA12 4LB with Clyde Muirshiel Countryside Ranger Service 21/05/2017: Urban Butterfly ID and recording, Linlithgow. Contact [email protected] to book. 25/05/2017: Urban Butterfly ID and recording, Greenock. Contact [email protected] to book. 28/05/17 13:00 Dingy Skipper Walk, Barony A-Frame, Barony Rd, Auchinleck KA18 2LP 04/06/17 13:00 Chequered Skipper Walk, Glasdrum Wood NNR, Appin PA38 4BQ 01/07/17 12:00 Northern Brown Argus Butterfly Walk, Birthwood Road, Coulter, ML12 6P Lanarkshire 30/07/17 11:00 Golden Skippers Butterfly Walk, Birkshaw Forest nr Lockerbie, Irongate Road DG11 1 19/08/17 10:30 Scotch Argus Walk, Mossdale DG7 2NF 01/09/17 19:30 Glasgow Botanics Moth (& Bat) Night, 730 Gt. Western Rd, Glasgow, G12 0UE. With Clyde Bat Group

Branch Events - what do we do? By Scott Donaldson, Events Coordinator I have been nominally responsible for these for somewhat longer now than I originally expected so it's probably about time that I gave you some kind of report of what we have been doing in your name ... Hopefully you are aware that throughout the year we organise a number of butterfly walks (usually to see some of the less commonly seen species), mothing events & habitat management work parties. & of course, we also arrange the Branch AGM. However, you may not be aware that: We support Butterfly Conservation Scotland staff at major public events like Scotland's Big Nature Festival, The Royal Highland Show & Gardening Scotland & on their projects (work parties, courses etc.). We run courses on Butterfly Recording & ID for other "conservation/green" organisations such as various Countryside Ranger organisations, Country Parks, Scottish Wildlife Trust, Sustrans etc. to enthuse & encourage their volunteers to contribute butterfly & moth records. We attend a lot of other organisations public events - bioblitzes, reserve open days, bat & moth nights etc. Additionally we give talks for such as church groups, Scottish Wildlife Trust local groups, gardening clubs etc. & the occasional school visit. All told it is ~60 or more events per year. Hopefully these all encourage an interest in lepidoptera, raise public awareness of the issues facing lepidoptera & the environment in general, Butterfly Conservation as an organisation & our Branch locally. They also help us to raise funds for the Branch through donations, merchandise etc.. We have been very lucky to have a small core (you know who you are, thank you) of dedicated & reliable volunteers to call on. However, people's family & job priorities change & we are always looking for new volunteers to assist. It's not hard work, indeed it is often fun. The only prerequisite is enthusiasm & you won't be dropped in at the deep end on your own. If you think that you might be interested in helping please get in touch at [email protected]. Similarly, if there is an event that you think that we should be doing please let us know via the same email address.

A S.O.B.S Story: Saving Our Beautiful Snout. By Paul Mapplebeck Contrary to what the title of this article suggests, this story is one of great cheer. In the last few decades our wildlife has been in steady decline with a number of species either become extinct or now threatened with extinction. Rarely and with ‘tears’ of joy a new species has been added to Scotland’s fauna. In the UK, the Beautiful Snout ranges through England, Wales and Ireland. There were no confirmed records for Scotland, the climate assumed to be to cold for this species; that is until in June 2013, when a single adult moth was discovered by David Smith near Loch Ard and later that year trapped in the garden of Jane and Arthur Jones at the Narrows, Loch Ard near Aberfoyle. It has now been found at two other sites nearby and especially at Dun Dubh Wood, where the moth breeds. Beautiful Snout The wood is an old Oak wood with a strong, well established under growth of Blaeberry, the moth’s larval food plant. This sheltered layer of Blaeberry is considered a crucial requirement in the Moth’s ecology. An interesting question is where did the moth come from and how did it get here? Or was it that it has been here all along and just overlooked. It would not be the first species of Lepidoptera to be discovered hundreds of miles from the nearest known colony: in the last century, Scottish discoveries included the New Forest Burnet, Kentish Glory and Chequered Skipper (sadly all three of these species’ colonies in England are now extinct and in the UK they are found only in Scotland). The nearest known colony of the Beautiful Snout is in the Lake District, some 150 miles away! This species is not known to be migratory, so this distance is to far for it to have colonised the area naturally; unless of course there are as yet undiscovered colonies of this moth somewhere between Northern England and Stirlingshire. There is a possible hint to this as the moth has subsequently been recorded (one individual) in the Wood of Cree, Dumfries & Galloway in 2015. It could have been introduced accidentally on tree planting stock; the Forestry Commission is very active in the area, but more likely I believe, it has just been overlooked. Dun Dubh wood is in a very secluded, sheltered valley with a large Loch to one side which would help to mitigate the worst winter weather. The wood is the only confirmed breeding site in Scotland for this moth and an important ecosystem in its on right. Fifty other moth Bilberry Pug species were recorded in just one night of

8 trapping including the nationally rare Bilberry Pug, which also feeds on Blaeberry. Other less common species identified were the Triple Spotted Clay (Xestia ditrapezium), Pinion Streaked Snout (Schrankia costaestrigalis), and Welsh Wave (Venusia cambrica).Also one Garden Tiger Moth; another declining species in the UK. The Blaeberry undergrowth is being crowded out by four highly invasive, non native plant species, Prickly Heath, Photonia species (a native of the Hymalayas similar to Rhododendron, Sitka Spruce and especially Rhododendrons. Dun Dubh wood has two private owners; the westerly half of the wood which was completely overrun with Rhododendron has been cleared, but to late to save the Blaeberry. Fortunately the Eastern end of the wood still has a large amount of Blaeberry undergrowth that could be saved. It was decided that if this Beautiful Snout’s colony was to be saved, work was urgently needed to remove all the invasive plants from the wood as well as thinning out some of the ubiquitous birch samplings there. A work party was organised for Sunday, 6th March 2016. Tea, coffee, cake and biscuits were provided as inducement for the volunteers. A group of ten brave souls made it along to the event. A good start was made to the project, the area between the stream and garden of the owner’s home on the eastern edge of the wood was cleared of Prickly Heath and Photonia and much of the spruce and rhododendron. During a second day in October 2016, work started on the western side of the stream. To monitor the effectiveness of this work, annual moth trapping on the site during the flight season will be carried out. The first of these took place on the 6th July, 2016. Six light traps were set in various locations throughout the wood. The total count for Beautiful Snout was an astonishing 34 individuals, as well as four Blaeberry Pugs and 112 Northern Spinach (Eulithis populate). Will the numbers be better in 2017? So what’s planned for the project going forward in 2017? There are similar habitats in the surrounding area where mature oak wood with Blaeberry borders water, particularly adjacent to Lake of Menteith. Hopefully moth trapping surveys of these sites will reveal more colonies of this endearing moth. Back at Dun Dubh wood there is much more clearance work to do. Another work party is booked for Sunday 12th March 2017, as we go to press and this will be followed up with yet another in the autumn of this year!!! Future work party dates will be posted on Face book and our websites. Interested in volunteering for the day? Please contact Paul Mapplebeck on 01505 348024, mobile 07527 957835 or email at [email protected] for further details of the meeting point, etc, and availability of transport from Paisley, Glasgow and Stirling. 9

Peatland Projects, By David Hill, Peatland Restoration Project Officer Butterfly Conservation Scotland’s team of volunteers dubbed the ‘Bog Squad’ has been continuing its peatland restoration work this winter thanks to further funding from the SNH-led Peatland Action project. The Bog Squad was formed back in 2014 to help restore the peatlands of central Scotland, which provide valuable habitat for a range of butterflies and moths. Unfortunately many of our bogs and mosses are in poor condition after decades of neglect leaving them vulnerable to drying out which threatens their specialist flora and fauna. Our volunteer work parties are aimed at reversing this decline by re- wetting the bogs to ensure that good habitat remains for bog specialists such as the Large Heath butterfly. More information about our activities can be found at: http://bogsquad.weebly.com If you would like to join us on a work party please get in touch via: [email protected] or 01786 Large Heath, John Knowler 447753. One of the Bog Squad’s more regular work sites has been Kingshill Local Nature Reserve in North Lanarkshire. This small bog and its associated woodlands host good sized populations of Green Hairstreak and Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary as well as a population of the fascinating Narrow-bordered Bee hawk-moth. A survey in 2016 found good numbers of the latter species enjoying the abundant wildflowers that are found at the reserve. This summer we will be holding a bioblitz event at Kingshill on 21st June aimed at improving our knowledge of the range of species that are found there. For more details contact Anthony McCluskey [email protected] Butterfly Conservation’s Wester Moss SSSI reserve near Stirling has seen much work over the past 18 months. Last winter a team of contractors installed a ‘peat bund’ which is an innovative technique involving squeezing a long wall of peat within the moss using an excavator. This measure was aimed at reducing water loss from one of the drier areas of the moss and 18 months after installation it has created a significant area of re-wetted peat. This includes some shallow bog pools which have been rapidly discovered by several colonising dragonfly and damselfly species! Volunteers have also been hard at work at Wester Moss with five work parties being held to clear maturing birch woodland from the edge of the moss. One outcome of this effort has been the opening up of significant areas of blaeberry, the

10 foodplant of the Green Hairstreak butterfly. The butterfly was only discovered at the Moss in 2015 and subsequent surveys have only revealed very small numbers clustered around one small patch of blaeberry. We are hopeful that our efforts will enable this species to spread and hopefully thrive at the reserve.

Wester Moss volunteers

Green Hairstreak – John Knowler

The Bog Squad is supported through the SNH led-Peatland Action project

Butterfly Records Summary for 2016 by Scott Shanks, Butterfly Record Coordinator

During 2016, we received 8,948 butterfly records of 25,248 individual butterflies from across South West Scotland (see map below). This is a small increase on the number of records we received in 2015, but unfortunately the number of individual butterflies reported was down again for the third year in a row, crashing to less than half of those recorded in 2013 (when we received 15,649 records of 57,810 individual butterflies)!

The very wet and stormy winter of 2015/ 2016 appears to have particularly affected hibernating species such as Commas, Small Tortoiseshells and Peacocks, which were notably absent in early 2016, and didn’t recover in many places. The Common Blue also had a notably bad year, with numbers continuing to crash for the third year in a row. The weather for the rest of the year wasn’t fantastic, but Scottish species are well adapted to make the most of sunny days (or even a few hours) to feed, find a mate and pass on their genes. Many species such as the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary showed a mild recovery in numbers following 2015. It’s not all doom and gloom though. Despite the crash in butterfly numbers and the awful weather, many branch members and visitors to SW Scotland were out checking on known sites with important butterfly colonies, and helping to fill distribution gaps by finding new colonies. 12

The Summary Table below shows the numbers of each species recorded over the last 3 years, flight dates and the number of 10km squares in the branch with records in 2016. The numbers in brackets are number of new 10km squares. Summary of SW Scotland Butterfly Records during 2016 (updated 17/03/17). Species Number seen Earliest /Latest 10km sqs 2016 2015 2014 sighting 2016 2016 (new) Chequered Skipper 171 236 607 22nd May / 24th June 4 (0) Small Skipper 5 14 0 9th July / 15th Aug 2 (0) Essex Skipper 3 3 14 31st July 1 (0) Large Skipper 26 112 160 5th June / 24th Aug 3 (0) Dingy Skipper 88 167 81 21st April / 9th July 2 (0) Clouded Yellow 1 1 6 4th June 1 (0) Brimstone 0 0 0 - / - 0 (0) Large White 274 136 735 20th May/ 14th Sept 55 (7) Small White 854 307 896 23rd April / 2nd Oct 31 (0) Green-veined White 5,763 2,666 7,428 31st March/ 16th Sept 166 (0) Orange-tip 1,468 1,113 2,162 19th April / 8th Oct 83 (3) Green Hairstreak 230 217 756 27th April/ 24th June 23 (2) Purple Hairstreak 17 17 22 1st Aug/ 16th Aug 2 (0) Small Copper 269 147 317 23rd April / 1st Oct 56 (1) Common Blue 939 1,403 2,255 30th May/ 31st Sept 75 (1) Holly Blue 10 6 2 23rd April / 30th Aug 2 (0) Small Blue 8 24 0 4th May/ 3rd June 1 (0) Northern Brown Argus 63 88 198 4th June / 14th July 3 (0) Red Admiral 885 711 1,397 14th March / 2nd Nov 89 (0) Painted Lady 853 128 60 11th May/ 10th Oct 118 (3) Small Tortoiseshell 954 1,069 2,145 26th Feb / 22nd Oct 111 (0) Peacock 1,384 1,278 3,370 10th March/ 25th Oct 109 (0) Camberwell Beauty 0 0 0 - / - 0 (0) Comma 25 27 50 20th March/ 2nd Oct 9 (0) Pearl-bordered Fritillary 326 263 434 9th May / 22nd June 8 (1) Small Pearl-bordered Fritil- 861 497 979 24th May / 31st July 59 (2) lary Dark Green Fritillary 288 252 372 4th June / 30th Aug 42 (5) Marsh Fritillary 206 221 1,208 20th May/ 28th June 17 (1) Speckled Wood 318 198 388 29th April/ 22nd Sept 34 (3) Wall 79 53 130 23rd April/ 7th Sept 15 (0) Grayling 66 120 186 14th June / 29th Aug 14 (0) Mountain Ringlet 41 0 34 9th June/ 18th June 3 (0) Scotch Argus 854 1,524 1,810 1st July / 6th Sept 37 (1) Ringlet 4,193 5,519 8,728 9th June / 29th Aug 87 (4) Meadow Brown 1,818 3,595 6,042 1st June/ 30th Aug 107 (1) Large Heath 120 150 468 5th June / 29th July 10 (1) Small Heath 1,948 1,818 2,899 4th May / 30th Aug 94 (0)

During 2016 we received 8,948 records of 25,248 individual butterflies (including larvae). In 2015 we received 8,094 records of 27,110 individual butterflies. In 2014 we received 13,043 records of 46,182 individual butterflies. *Number of 10km squares with records in 2016 (number of new 10 km squares for this species) 13

Against a background of poor weather and low butterfly numbers, a number of species did fairly well. Speckled Woods, Ringlets, and Orange Tips have been spreading or re-colonising parts of South West Scotland in recent years and all were recorded in new 10km squares in 2016. Surprisingly, Dark Green Fritillaries were also recorded in 5 new 10km squares, which may represent new colonisation attempts by this mobile species. Interestingly Large Whites, Small Whites and Green-veined Whites made bit of a recovery in 2016, with Large Whites being recorded in 7 new 10km squares! This is a another powerful flier, and resident populations are often topped-up by migratory individuals arriving from further south or from continental Europe Another regular migrant species that did well in 2016 was the Painted Lady. The first Painted Lady seen in SW Scotland was recorded on the 11th of May, but the main influx seems to have began around the 29th May, with waves of fresh migrants or home-grown individuals continuing until early October. The last good Painted Lady year was in 2009, when 5,764 were recorded across South West Scotland. Targeted recording of under-recorded species paid off for the Green Hairstreak, with colonies discovered in 2 new 10km squares. A further 800 historic records were received during 2016 (mostly from 2015 & 2014). Some online recording resources: A good introduction to online recording is the Big Butterfly Count which runs each summer: http://www.bigbutterflycount.org/. The Butterfly Recording Scheme phone app. http://butterfly- conservation.org/8803/irecord-butterflies.html allows you to submit your records directly from phone to the iRecord website. You can also add records directly to iRecord via the website: http://www.brc.ac.uk/irecord/. Butterfly records from your garden can be submitted through Butterfly Conservation’s new Garden Butterfly Survey website: http:// gardenbutterflysurvey.org/. For those walking a weekly butterfly transect or doing regular timed counts of a site, records can be submitted at: http://www.ukbms.org/MYDATA/home.

Many thanks to everyone that sent in their records this year! Keep up the great work! Recording really is the key to species conservation. Without knowing what is out there, we can’t take the next steps in protecting important sites, or identifying trends in distribution and abundance. Fingers crossed for better weather in 2017 and a butterfly-filled year ahead!

Orange-tip Survey 2017 by Anthony McCluskey, Urban Butterfly Project Officer Back in 1997, Orange-tips were something of a rarity in much of Scotland, and Butterfly Conservation Scotland launched the first postcard survey of the species to find out more about the places it was being found. Records for 1997 show that it was common in the central belt and southern Scotland, but was missing from a few parts of Highland (or just not recorded). The survey was repeated in 2007, when the species was found to have gained some ground in Highland, but was missing from the most northerly parts and some of the islands. It has since colonised Mull and there are a small number of records from Orkney. To mark the 20-year anniversary of the original survey, we’re launching another Orange- tip postcard survey this year. Records can now be submitted online at www.butterfly-conservation.org/Scottishorangetip as well as through the postcards which have been distributed. We’re interested in any records, but especially those from the Highlands and Islands. So if you’re out and about this year, do keep an eye out for the beautiful Orange-tip!

Male Orange-tip: Iain H Leach 15

Glasgow and SW Scotland Butterfly Conservation

Would you like to contribute to Butterfly Conservation in your area? Whether it’s in your back garden or on the computer, there are lots of ways you can be active in the conservation of these amazing creatures. Education, research and promotion for Butterfly Conservation Enjoy the great outdoors From casual recording in your back garden to a weekly transect of the same area, you can make a real impact in conservation by recording your findings. For the more adventurous of you out there, there are several unexplored parts of S&W Scotland in our Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey that need to be surveyed. These can be through varying terrains from a light town stroll to a scramble up a munro. See our website for details. Events We run lots of fun day events which educate the public and help us encourage vital membership. These involve chatting to the public and doing fun activities with kids. Currently Scott Donaldson does a great job coordinating this and is looking for enthusiastic folk to lend a hand. Local/regional events coordinator Do you know of special butterfly hotspots in your area that you are itching to share? Do you get asked by local groups to give talks and attend events? Why not become a Local coordinator? You’ll be the face of BC Argyll and Bute or South Lanarkshire (or anywhere else that needs it!). To learn what this may involve please ask at the AGM or contact the office. Workshops and education sessions Do you think you could run a butterfly ID workshop, a moth trapping night for the public or talk to local clubs? If so grab one of the committee members at the AGM or contact the branch. Do you want to improve your own ID skills so you can survey your local area? Look out for events on our webpage. Volunteer posts and joining the committee Branch contact coordinator We need a multi-tasker! Our branch receives identification enquiries, butterfly records and offers for BC to attend events. We need a computer literate individual to pass these onto the relevant committee members and reply when needed. Interested? Contact us (that’s the first test!). Join the committee team We need keen individuals with a passion for conservation and an eagerness to make change. All ideas, big or small, are welcomed and we discuss it as a team to try and make it work.We all have different levels of knowledge and various skills and contacts. It’s very informal, just a few drinks in the Counting House pub in Glasgow city centre every two to three months. Hope to see you soon!

Urban Butterfly Project Update by Anthony McCluskey Last April we launched the Urban Butterfly Project, a three-year project funded by SNH, HLF and BC members. Throughout May and June I delivered eight butterfly ID and recording workshops, to introduce the wonderful world of butterflies to new people. Following that I received over 330 records of over 700 butterflies. The most numerous species were Red Admiral (130 recorded) and Small White (103 recorded), but one of the most alarming findings was that no Common Blue or Small Copper were recorded from any of the sites visited by volunteers in towns Grayling Butterfly, Iain Hamlin (top photo) and Dark- or cities. barred Twin-spot Carpet, John Knowler (bottom photo) This information has been used to influence the habitat creation and maintenance work I am doing with volunteers through this project. We’ve been working with the Pollok Park Countryside Rangers in Glasgow to grow wildflowers which will be planted around Glasgow. We’ll be focussing on the caterpillar foodplants of the species of most concern (Birds-foot trefoil for Common Blue) as well as nectar plants for adults.

Through the winter there were a few work parties, including one at Commonhead Moss near Coatbridge, where we removed some birch to create glades with microclimates that could help the local Green Hairstreak Population. Then in February we held a joint work-party with the Bog Squad at Kingshill LNR near Allanton in North Lanarkshire. This site has a bog and a bing from a former coal mine, so it’s incredibly rich in species thanks to the mix of habitats. That work party was to remove birch and larch saplings which were encroaching onto one of the most flower-rich areas of the bing (pictured below). Our latest work party at Cumbernauld’s St. Maurices Pond saw another great turnout, and we got a lot of work done to improve the place for Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillaries by cutting and lifting some of the dead rushes and reeds which are beginning to shelter the Marsh Violets that the butterfly lays its eggs upon.

This year I’ll be running another series of ID workshops in summer (see the events page) and continuing to work with the volunteers at Pollok’s wildflower nursery. If you’d like to attend any of the workshops or volunteer at the nursery, do get in touch with me at [email protected]

Visit www.butterfly-conservation.org/urbanbutterflies for more information on the project and events.

Branch Photographic Competition 2016 By Marianne Fox

The aim of the competition was to inspire and engage members in an activity that would encourage them to go out looking for butterflies and create excitement about species in our diverse branch area. When I suggested a photo competition, the committee were all keen and so I went about organising our first branch photo competition. It was a bit late in the year to begin it but the competition ran from May to September, being advertised on the Branch Face Book page, in the Scottish newsletter and via email to all members. Due to the poor weather over the last two years I was expecting the worst, and although there were no postal entries and only one through Face Book, in the last fortnight I was relieved to receive a flurry of around 50 stunning entries by email. The standard was really high and I began to worry how on earth we would decide on the winners. Judging was conducted in a very professional fashion. Tea and Mr Kipling’s best cakes provided a relaxed atmosphere and maximum concentration so as to allow myself, Paul Mapplebeck (our esteemed chair) and Jim Black (branch member and photographer) to clearly judge the photographs. The winners were then revealed and displayed at the Scottish Members’ day in Battleby in October, much to the enjoyment of the attendees. (photo of display boards. Copyright David Palmar). The winners and their photos are on the page opposite.Catriona and Susan both also had several photos in the runners up categories. The overall winner was Catriona Walker. All winners have been presented with their photograph mounted onto canvas. In addition, Catriona will be offered the chance to judge the next competition. I am hoping this contest has sparked some enthusiastic members to get clicking for next year when the 2017 Photographic Competition is launched in April. Entry details will be circulated before Spring. Just remember it’s open to all abilities and camera types. So, keep your eyes peeled and your phones at the ready!!!

Winning entries Best of Branch: Bill Higgins, Small Pearl-Bordered Fritillary (left) Life cycle: Catriona Walker, Puss Moth (below left) Younger members: Jonathan Mitchell, Orange- tip (below right) Home Sweet Home: Catriona Walker, Puss moth (bottom)

Forester Survey Results 2016 and Survey Plans for 2017 By Andrew Masterman An article in last year’s On the Spot reported on Forester (Adscita statices) surveys in 2015 and announced that a Forester pheromone lure provided by Dr Joe Burman of Canterbury Christ Church University was successfully tested at one site in Argyll during 2015. In 2016, two methods of Forester detection were in operation: via pheromone lure tests (15 minutes) and by sight. A total of 69 Forester was recorded in 2016, 37 (54%) were detected by pheromone lure and 32 (46%) by sight.

Distribution of Forester observations in Argyll (VC98) and the names of sites with records in 2016.

Last year’s article mentioned that Forester occurs in two habitat types: steep or moderate south-facing herb-rich grassland; and flat or gently sloping marshy habitat with Rushes. The efficacy of the lure was assessed by performing pheromone lure tests at known sites in both habitat types. A total of 45 pheromone lure tests was performed at “Known Sites” and overall 33% were positive: 46% of 26 tests in herb-rich grassland were positive while the comparative figures for marshy habitat with Rushes was 16% of 19 tests. These are good results! The pheromone lure was also used to search for new Forester sites by performing tests at “Other Sites”. Out of a total of 52 pheromone lure tests, 25 were in herb- rich grassland and 27 in marshy habitat with Rushes. There was a significant difference in the success rate between the two habitat types with 36% of tests positive in herb-rich grassland compared with only 4% positive in marshy habitat with Rushes. In terms of sites, the use of pheromone lure tests resulted in four new sites being discovered and I found one other by sight. Other volunteers found a couple of new 20

sites near Kilninver by sight. These data resulted in a total of 17 different sites with Forester in 2016 which is the highest annual number to date. So the Forester pheromone lure has proved a great success in detecting this rare and beautiful moth which is difficult to find by sight. And the 2016 data suggest that south-facing herb-rich grassland is the more common habitat of Forester in Argyll than marshy habitat with Rushes. In 2017, I will be doing further surveys using the pheromone lure but will be surveying the two habitat types more systematically. In 15- 20 different 1 km squares, ten pheromone lure tests will be performed in each habitat type. Forester in Argyll, 6 June 2016. This should give a better measure of the occupancy of the two habitat types by Forester compared with the more arbitrary selection of sites in 2016. While I had great success with the Forester pheromone lure, other volunteers did not with only one successful test at a “Known Site”. The most likely explanation for this is that I used my experience of finding Forester to select suitable sites in which to perform pheromone lure tests. Survey work over three years, 2014-2016, has identified characteristic indicator species of Forester habitat, in addition to an abundance of Common Sorrel, the larval foodplant. In south-facing herb-rich grassland, the most common flowering plants were Tormentil, Heath Bedstraw, Meadow Buttercup and White Clover. In marshy habitat with Rushes, the first three species were also characteristic (Heath Bedstraw was less abundant), but Marsh Thistle was the fourth most common flower. It is hoped that other volunteers will have success with the pheromone lure in 2017 by selecting either south-facing herb-rich grassland or flat or gently south-sloping marshy habitat with Rushes which have an abundance of these characteristic flowering plants in addition to Common Sorrel. I did attempt larval searches for Forester in 2016 at three different times of the year but these were all unsuccessful. Further attempts will be made in 2017 in both habitat types. If you would like to get involved in Forester surveys in Argyll during 2017, please get in contact me at [email protected]

Transparent Burnet Surveys on the Argyll Mainland By Andrew Masterman Transparent Burnet Zygeana purpuralis caledonensis is confined to Argyll on the Scottish mainland although it is also found on the islands of Mull, Ulva, Eigg, Rhum, Canna, Kerrera, Lismore and the west coast of Skye. On the mainland in Argyll, it is known from 13 sites around Oban (Figure 1) and four near the southern tip of Kintyre.

Figure 1 Transparent Burnet records on mainland Argyll showing 13 sites around Oban including a new one in 2016: Glen Euchar, Lagganbeg (Kintyre records not shown). Transparent Burnet is classified as Nationally Scarce A. It can occur in high numbers and it occurs quite widely on the west coast of Mull for example but Figure 1 suggests that on the Scottish mainland, its distribution is very limited with the caveat that it is certainly under-recorded to some extent. There is a reasonable understanding of Transparent Burnet ecology. Waring and Townsend state that both sexes fly in warm weather, preferring sunshine, from early June to July, and visit nectar flowers such as Wild Thyme. During dull or wet weather, they sit about, often fully exposed and wet, on flowerheads or surrounding vegetation, sometimes for days. Habitat is steep, heathy and grassy south and south-west facing slopes and under cliffs on or near the coast and very locally inland on limestone. Great fluctuations in population density have been 22 recorded, sometimes in response to changing grazing levels. There is one generation a year and it overwinters as a larva, sometimes twice. It pupates in a spun cocoon concealed near the ground. The most detailed information on Transparent Burnet ecology is found in the PhD thesis of Dr Nigel Bourn. Dr Bourn studied the ecology of all four life cycle stages of Transparent Burnet at Talisker Bay on Skye. It was found that it is the egg stage which has the most precise requirements with females selecting sites which have: steeper slopes; more shelter; more bare ground; more lichen; more of the food plant, Wild Thyme; and shorter vegetation around the egg batch. Use of sheltered areas with high amounts of bare ground suggest that Transparent Burnet is maximising the microclimate of egg sites, to allow the quick development of the eggs. The later instar larvae are relatively mobile and they confine themselves to the slopes with high amounts of the foodplant and the liverwort, Frullania tamarisci, even when not feeding. These slopes are less steep than the egg batch sites, and have somewhat less thyme and liverwort but it was concluded that suitable habitat for basking was important for Transparent Burnet larvae. Adults also are found on the steep south-facing slopes which suggests that the warm-microclimate is important to this stage too. Transparent Burnet Pheromone lure A pheromone lure provided by Dr Joe Burman of Canterbury Christ Church University was successfully tested on the Isle of Ulva in 2015. I used this lure on the Argyll mainland in 2016 and one new site was discovered: Glen Euchar>Lagganbeg. However, adult Transparent Burnet are very conspicuous when at rest on vegetation, so a pheromone lure is not as beneficial as it is for species which are difficult to find, such as Forester. Survey Results in 2016 In previous years, I had only surveyed the adult stage of Transparent Burnet, but in 2016, I discovered that both mature larvae in early May and cocoons in late May are very conspicuous. This not only significantly enlarges the time window when Transparent Burnet can be surveyed, but it revealed new aspects of the ecology of this beautiful moth. The most interesting aspect was that many cocoons were found fully exposed on near vertical south-facing-rocks. This suggests that they were trying to maximise their exposure to solar insolation, presumably to minimise the length of the pupal stage. It is also an interesting example of the normal Lepidoptera rule, that pupae are hidden to minimise predation, being broken. The implication of these exposed pupation sites is that the toxins the larvae produce to protect against predation, are a very effective deterrent against avian and other predators during both the larval and pupal stages. Survey Plans for 2017 I intend to do further larval/cocoon surveys during May visiting historical sites which I haven’t visited previously. And there are at least another two rocky escarpments in Glen Feochan which are likely to have Transparent Burnet colonies.

It is possible that there are undiscovered colonies outside the limited distribution shown in Figure 1. In the north, south facing slopes east of Beinn Lora on the north side of Loch Etive and in Glen Etive might have colonies. In the south, the coast south of Minard Point and the Isle of Seil may have colonies too. There is also a gap in records between Oban and Connel which could either be due to under-recording or it may be due to a lack of suitable habitat. The vegetation data recorded during recent years suggests that there is a characteristic quartet of flowering plants in Transparent Burnet habitat: Wild Thyme (the larval foodplant) ; Tormentil; Bird’s Foot Trefoil; and Dandelion-like flowers (including Common Hawksbit).

If you would like to get involved in Transparent Burnet surveys in 2017, please get in contact at [email protected]

Transparent Burnet on Dandelion at Dun Clachach 1 June 2012.

Two moths or not two moths: A play on Shakespeare! by Paul Mapplebeck That was the question, whether t’was nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous disappointment (just pigeon pooh) or to take steps against a sea of possibilities? So two minutes (well twenty two minutes, two cups of tea and two chocolate biscuits) later and not one but two step ladders (the first was 2 short) , I had my answer. Yes, the two whitish marks on the stonework just below the second floor window of my house were indeed moths. The next question was identification? Two Chi or not Two Chi. Yes, two Grey Chi, resting not more than a foot apart, possibly male and female! Allegedly, this moth is common and widespread; found in parks, gardens and moorland. So why was I particularly excited about this find. Well, this is the first time I have recorded it in my garden. I have been trapping in my garden for the past five years but never taken the species at light. I have only once or twice seen the Grey Chi before, in North Wiltshire in the early eighties. These two individuals were certainly living up to the species habit of resting on rocks and stone work and given their wing pattern, presumably mimicking lichens. The moth is on the wing in August and September and it’s larva is alleged to feed on a variety of low growing plants and shrubs. According to the literature the Grey Chi is predominantly a northern UK species, more local in Scotland, but is also found on Dartmoor and in hills areas of South Western England According to the national records it is very widespread but usually only recorded in small numbers (1-3). However, in the eighties in the Penlee district of Paisley (about three miles from my home it was recorded in quite large numbers, 6 in 1983 and 10 records 1990. There are records for virtually all counties in our branch area, 34 for Lanarkshire, 28 for Renfrewshire and seems to turn up where moth trapping is regularly pursued during its flight season. Common or not the Grey Chi is another addition to my garden list of moth records. The moral of this story being ‘Watch your Walls’, you never know what you might find. Lastly, to answer the question in the introduction about what Shakespeare has to do with moths..... well, absolutely nothing! Not that I am a great literary scholar of course.

Synopsis of the moths recorded in the SW Scotland region during 2016 By Paul Tatner

Compiled using feedback from various moth recorders by Paul Tatner (recorder for VC76). There was a feeling that the moth recording for 2016 was below normal for most of Britain due largely to unfavourable weather conditions (Paul Waring, British Wildlife, Dec 2016), but here in SW Scotland there still a good range of interesting new records. John Knowler provided a very useful summary for Stirlingshire (VC86), West Perthshire (VC87) and Dunbartonshire (VC99). Silky Wainscot and Southern Wainscot continue to be recorded in suitable reed-rich habitats on the inner Forth in the west of VC86 and 87, while the Figure of Eighty appears to be continuing its spread into the region, with records from Alan Kerr in Dumbarton on the 8th and 10th of June providing firsts for Dunbartonshire.

A very nice record for 2016 was that of a Cloaked Pug by Paul Dorrington in Dunblane. This was the first record for the region since 1960 (unless an non-validated one from the Rothamsted trap at Rowardennan in 1989 is counted). It is an enigmatic species, as in Scotland, there does not appear anywhere one can go with a reasonable hope of finding it and there is no clear pattern to where it has been recorded. Indeed, John Knowler notes that we don’t know whether those that are recorded come from breeding populations or are Cloaked pug – Paul Dorrington. perhaps migrants.

John noted that the most unexpected record in his area was of a female Gypsy Moth at Fallin near Stirling. Helen Dawson found a full grown larva on 6.8.16 when picking-up hedge trimmings in her garden. She thought that she had killed it but it pupated and a female emerged on 18.8.16. This is the first record of Gypsy Moth in Scotland but Helen Dawson works in a garden centre and it seems highly likely that one way or Gypsy moth female – large and another she transported the larva back to her clumsy c.f. the male. MAJOR tree defoliator …. ! garden. It has therefore been added to the Scottish list as an adventive. Gypsy Moth is no longer native to the UK. A fenland sub-species that occurred in Cambridgeshire, it was exterminated there by about 1900 due to drainage. Migrant males not infrequently turn-up on the south coast but the female is either flightless or nearly so. Nevertheless, there are now breeding populations in the London area and

Hampshire presumably due to release of bred moths, despite the best efforts of DEFRA to exterminate it. The tiny larvae are thought to be dispersed by the wind! The species can defoliate trees and has been a major pest in Europe and America. For this reason, no risks were taken with the Stirling female. In case she was not alone, she was collected by John Knowler, killed in his freezer and will be set for the Hunterian Museum collection. John noted that there were multiple records of micros that were new vice county records. Overall, there were a total of 24 new records to one or other of the 3 vice counties, of these, 13 records based on larval or pupal evidence, 5 adults caught in light traps, 3 adults from field observations, 3 in which the method/stage was unrecorded. Richard Weddle kindly provided some highlights for VC77 covering Lanarkshire (including Glasgow), where the most notable record was the Epermenia falciformis found by Bill Higgins in the Lanarkshire part of Whitelee Windfarm in S Lanarkshire (conf. Mark Young). The only other known Scottish location is Gruinard on Islay. It was actually seen in 2011, but the record has only just come to light – thanks to diligent searching on Richard’s behalf !

Epermenia falciformis (left) and Monochroa lucidella (right), photos by Dieter Robrecht and Friedmar Graft. Available from: www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Epermenia_Falciformis and www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Monochroa_Lucidella Monochroa lucidella was found by Richard Weddle near the Clyde at Motherwell (conf. S Palmer) and is the first record for Scotland north of the Solway Coast. Gary Williamson came across the adventive, Duponchelia fovealis in a 2nd floor flat in the Anderston area of Glasgow. It is also known as the European Pepper moth, and it is native to freshwater and saltwater marshlands of southern Europe (Spain, France, Portugal, etc). Since the 1980’s it has become a greenhouse pest in N Europe and Canada, also spreading to the USA. A Dark Tussock was found by Jo Davis in June at Duponchelia fovealis photo by Robin Barfoot. Available from: both Carstairs and Dippool in S Lanarkshire. The first time it’s been seen in VC77, although it has been http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/ recorded in VC99 in recent years, and many years species/duponchelia-fovealis ago in VCs 75 and 76 according to Richard Weddle.

There are quite few moth trapping records to be found on the group’s Blog site: GADGIRTH MOTH www.southwestscotland-butterflies.org.uk/ TRAPPING 2016 forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=348 Nick Candlish & Iain H STEVENSON MOTH www.southwestscotland-butterflies.org.uk/ TRAPPING forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=67 Iain H Both these links provide some superb photos, so spend a few minutes admiring the pictures and then think about going along to help out on the moth trapping nights and also setting up a BLOG for your own local site !!

In VC76 (Renfrewshire and Inverclyde), without doubt the most spectacular find was the Lime hawk moths found on a Lime tree in Renfrew’s Glebe Street on May 27th. Thanks possibly to Norman Tait’s superb picture and the members of the Paisley Natural History Society (meets Thursday nights in Paisley museum - www.paisleynaturalhistorysociety.org.uk/index.asp ), this pair made news in the Paisley Daily Express (Mon 20th June), where readers were asked if they could help explain where this pair may have originated. As far as I am aware, this species is rarely found further north than Yorkshire, but it reported that they can be purchased over the internet, so its possible that there may be an enthusiast breeding them more locally ….. to date, their origins remain a mystery !

Mating Lime Hawk-moth Mimas tiliae, courtesy of Norman Tait.

Gary Williamson’s enthusiasm gave us another new record, this time on his home turf, where his avid trapping produced a surprisingly wide range of species, given how close his trap is to the urban environment (Rutherglen & Linn Park environs), but also the first Blair’s Shoulder Knot Lithophane leautieri (confirmed Roy Leverton) for the vice county on 23rd October. This species is a recent British colonist, being first discovered on the Isle of Wight in 1951, it has spread rapidly northwards and is now found fairly commonly throughout much of England with records from as far north Blair’s shoulder knot – Gary Williamson as Cumbria. It originated in the Mediterranean region, but in the State of British moths survey, it was reported to have shown a staggering 7,878% increase from 1968 to 2007 (http://butterfly- conservation.org/files/1.state-of-britains-larger-moths-2013-report.pdf ). This dramatic increase and spread northwards seems to have been facilitated by the penchant for many suburban gardeners for miniature cypress trees, especially Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) and Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii), which provide food for the caterpillars. So, keep an eye out for this species in your moth traps during October and November !

The micro Acleris maccana normally occurs in high moorland and woodland habitats, being restricted in Britain to the northern parts of Scotland, although full details of its distribution are not well documented. Some older records from further south are considered unreliable. The adults can be somewhat variable in appearance and superficially may resemble certain forms of A. hastiana, although they lack the concave leading edge of the forewing of that species. The larval food plants are bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and bog- myrtle (Myrica gale). Thus, this was a most unusual record for Gary Williamson’s garden and a 1st for the VC76, but confirmed through a genital dissection undertaken by Nigel Acleris maccana – Gary Richards. Williamson.

An outing to Lochwinnoch bird reserve with Paul Mapplebeck and Alan Brown (27th August) produced a reasonable catch, including the Bulrush Wainscot Nonagria typhae and what appeared to be a new record for the VC in the form of a Small China -mark Cataclysta lemnata (confirmed by Nigel Richards). Actually, it turns out to be the 3rd record for the vice county – Neil Gregory had apparently spotted a couple in flagrante delicto on Bishopton station back in July 2010, but he had kept quiet about it! Small China-mark Cataclysta lemnata, Paul Tatner. 29

Small Elephant hawk moths by Duncan Mackay (left) and Alan Brown (right)

Local recorders, Alan Brown (Clyde Muirshiel) and Duncan Mackay (Kilbarchan) both had a Small Elephant hawk moth Deilephila porcellus. Previously only 4 had been recorded in VC 76, 2 in 2005 and another 2 in 2007, so we seem to have been overdue another couple.

Grapholita jungiella, Oak nycteoline, Nycteola Parornix betulae, P. Tatner, P Tatner, conf M. Young revayana, P. Tatner, conf M. conf M. Young Young There were a couple of potentially new micros for the VC 76, although some of these had been preceded by records extracted by Neil Gregory from the notebooks of John Morgan, a recorder who worked the area very thoroughly during the 1980 - 90’s. Thus, the Parornix betulae (above) was the 4th record for the vice county (3 previous from John Morgan) and Grapholita jungiella the 33rd record (all 32 previous from John Morgan). The Oak nycteoline had been recorded previously, but it is not very common. There were two new records of the White-pinion Spotted Lomographa bimaculata this year, following the first for the county recorded by Neil Gregory in 2015. Just to prove that we don’t shy away from those tricky, obscurely-marked larval forms, we had a great picture from Gill Smart, who understandably was excited to find an alder moth caterpillar at Boden Boo woodland, Erskine, Saturday 20th August 2016. Actually, we have had 5 previous records of the adults in 2005, 2006 and 2007 in VC 76, although the NBN gateway data source was apparently suggesting that this was a new species for Renfrewshire and Inverclyde, still a very nice record !

Alder moth caterpillar, Gill Smart.

Cover shot – slightly shorter than A4 size. Drawings to help identification of tricky species.

Moths of the Forth, Tay & Loch Lomond National Park is a very useful guide to the larger moths of quite an extensive area of Scotland. It is especially useful to those starting out on moth identification in this region of Scotland, as it shows the species that one can expect to find (unlike standard identification books which include many species that are unlikely to occur in Scotland, creating greater potential for mis-identification). The good quality photos and brief species outlines are supplemented with neat explanations/diagrams of how to separate many of the ‘tricky’ species, such as the pugs and November moths. It is very nicely produced on a ‘print to order’ basis – available as either hard of soft back Clear photos with concise ID, (Blurb publisher, 109 pages). Contact the author David Bryant habitat, flight time, etc. [email protected] if you'd like to acquire a copy. 31

Glasgow and SW Scotland Branch Committee

Chairman Treasurer Paul Mapplebeck Tam Stewart. 29 Main Road, 7 Tay Court Elderslie, Johnstone East Kilbride PA5 9BA Glasgow 01505 348024 G75 8XA [email protected] Email: [email protected] Secretary Events Coordinator Valerie Charlton. Scott Donaldson 13 Glenbank Court 103 Earlbank Avenue Rouken Glen Glasgow G46 7EG G14 9DY Email: [email protected] 0141 959 5221 [email protected]

Committee Member Committee Member Richard Weddle Glasgow Museum Resource Scott Shanks Centre 200 Woodhead Ro Flat 1/2 113 Haugh Road Email: [email protected] Yorkhill, Glasgow G3 8XT 07793052501 [email protected] Website Editor Jason Newton

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