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Mutation Breeding INIS-XA—061 Mutation Breeding Newslette• • • rw JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND FAO/IAEA AGRICULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY, SEIBERSDORF INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA Issue No. 43 October 1997 ISSN 1011-260X Contents The most widely cultivated rice mutant variety 'Zhefu 802' in China and its genealogy Shu, Q , D Wu and Y. Xia 3 Peanut breeding through mutation techniques in China Qiu, Q, Z Li, F. Shen, CH. Wang and H. Miao 6 EMS mutagenesis of microspore-derived embryogenic cultures of Brassica napus Shi, S. W., Y.M. Zhou. J.S. Wu and H.L Liu 8 Stimulating effect of radiation on in vitro plant regeneration Jedrzejaszek, K., H. Kruczkowska, H. Paw low ska and B Skucinska 10 Effect of recurrent irradiation on winter rapeseed shoots in vitro Kruczkowska, H., H. Pawlowska and B. Skucinska 12 Effect of EMS and sodium azide on callus culture and plant regeneration in Portulaca grandiflora (Hook) Bennani, F. and B.D. Rossi-Hassani 13 'W25'- conditional albino mutant from male termosensitive genetic male sterile line of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Wu, D., Y. Xia and Q. Shun 15 Selection for aluminum tolerant mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L ) Nawrot, M., M. Maluszynski and I Szarejko 17 Long podded mutants in chickpea Omar, M. and KB. Singh 19 Sweet potato mutants induced by gamma rays Suma Bai.D.J. and N.K. Nayar 21 Study on improvement of soybean quality using induced mutations Wang. L. W.L Pei Yamong, Y. Fu and W. Xiao 23 Development of new groundnut variety 'TG-26' by using induced mutants in cross breeding Kale, DM., Chandra Moult, G.S.S. Murty and M V.P. Rao 25 'PIRIN' - a new mutant variety in pepper, resistant to powdery mildew Leveilula solanacearum Gol. Todorova.Y. and S. Daskalov 28 'Chandi 95' - a high yielding and improved fibre quality cotton (Gossypium hirsulum L.) mutant variety from 1*0/^13-78' Ghafoor Arain, A., MM. Kandhro, K.A. Siddiqui, A.A. Rajput and S. Laghari 30 Mutation induction in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for blue mould {Peronospora tabacina) resistance Tutluer, M.I., H.Peskircioglu, A. Uslurali, R Apti, G Yazan, R. Altinel and N. Yilmaz 33 'Shua 92' a new culrivar of rice (Oryza saliva L.) developed through fast neutrons irradiation Mustafa, G, A.M. Soomro, A. W. Baloch and K.A. Siddiqui 35 Topics for discussion: Knott, D.R 37 List of new mutant cultivars 39 Selected papers related to the use of mutation techniques in genetics and plant breeding 57 New books 61 Future events 63 To the Reader 66 XA9846868 THE MOST WIDELY CULTIVATED RICE VARIETY 'ZHEFU 802" IN CHINA AND ITS GENEALOGY Breeding of rice using radiation induced mutations was initiated at the Zhejiang Agricultural University (ZAU) in the 1960's and has been continuously studied and applied for the improvement of conventional and hybrid rice. 12 'Zhefu' serial varieties, bred directly or indirectly from mutants, were officially released by the Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, ZAU between 1962 and 1995 (Tab 1). Table 1: Officially released 'Zhefu' mutant varieties of rice Mutant Year Parent(s) Cultivation Maximal Main character variety of period acreage release (x 107"ha) Fuli an ai 1965 Liantonzao 1965-1968 20 35-40 cm shorter, 220% of yield increase in comparison to parent variety Liantonzao Fuzhao No.2 1968 Erjiuai No. 7 1968-1973 45 15 days earlier in heading time than Erjiuai No. 7 Kernei 1978 IR8 x Hong- 1979-1980 20 late maturing, resistant to rice meizao blast, high yield Shuangke No.l 1981 Kefuzao' x IR24 1981-1986 300 earliness, higher yield, more resistant to rice blast than Yuangfenzao2 Simei No. 2 1981 IR24 x Kemei 1981-1986 370 higher yield, more resistant to nee blast than Yuangfengzao Zhefu 802 1983 Simei No. 2 1980-1995 10,616 earliness, higher yield, better adaptability and more resistant to nee blast than Yuangfengzao Zhefu No. 7 1990 Erjiufen' 1990-1995 433 earliness, more tolerant to cold stress than parental variety. increased yield m comparison to Zhefu 802 Zhefu No. 9 1990 IR50 x 44-1086" 1990-1995 1000 more resistant to rice blast, more cold tolerant, better cooking/eating quality, poorer tillering ability than Erjiufong Zhefu 762 1991 IR50 x 44-1086 1991-1994 367 more resistant to rice blast, better cooking/eating quality and higher yield than Erjiufong Wandao 23 1990 F,5 1990-1993 400 early maturity, middle season mdica variety Zhefu 218 1995 Fu 9 Cong Shen 1993-1995 200 early maturity, better cooking/eating x Suweon 290E quality, more resistant to nee blast 1/ 'Kefuzao' - gamma ray induced mutant from IR8; 2/ 'Y'uangfenzhao' - mutant variety from IRS fZAU), the most widely planted early indica variety in years 1970s-1980s; 3/ 'Erjiufeng' - mutant variety but with poor cold tolerance; 4/ 44-1086 - gamma ray induced mutant from 'Simei No. 2'; 5/ F, seeds of the cross 'Simei No. 2' x 'Minyin No. 1' treated with gamma rays These 'Zhefu' mutant varieties have been widely planted in the Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and Fujiang provinces, and their total planting acreage reached 14 million ha. The mutant variety 'Zhefu 802', induced from 'Simei No. 2', was the most extensively planted conventional rice variety between 1986 and 1994 in China. The accumulative planting acreage reached about 10.6 million ha (Fig. 1). (x 1000 ha) 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 • °'"^;687- Acrage Year 1995 Figure 1. The planting acreage of mutant variety 'Zhefu 802' in years between 1980 and 1995. The variety 'Zhefu 802' shows the following characteristics: short growth period from 105 to 108 days, high yield potential even under bad management and barren field, wide adaptability, high resistance to rice blast and some tolerance to cold temperatures. Pedigree of 'Zhefu' mutant varieties is presented on Figure 2. 'Zhefu' varieties were officially released by the China National Emphasis Technique Extension Item (CNETEI), because of their very promising agronomic characters. Meanwhile, extension of the new 'Zhefu' mutant varieties has been supported by the IAEA. It is expected that between 1995-1997 the planting acreage of new 'Zhefu' varieties, including 'Zhefu No. 9', 'Zhefu No. 7, 'Zhefu 762", 'Zhefu 218' and two elite lines: 'Zhefu 504' and 'Zhefu Lian Zhu Yu Xian' will reach about 4 million hectares. The new mutant line 'Zhefu 504 performed very well in multilocation trials in Zhejiang province. The yield potential of this variety was much higher than that of any other lines, including lines from other breeding programmes, and is expected to be released soon as a new variety. Most "Zhefu" varieties were obtained directly or indirectly from mutants obtained after irradiation of seeds. In current breeding programmes radiation induced mutations are combined with in vitro techniques such as young panicle culture, embryo culture, anther culture and isolated microspore culture. More recently, ion implantation, election beam implantation and space irradiation were also actively applied. For example. 'Zhefu Lian Zhu Yu Xian'. a promising mutant line of very good quality, induced from variety 'Hu Nan Ruan Ming' with ion implantation, has been widely planted and shown to be well adapted to rice production areas in many provinces. Year of Name of mutant Parentfs) release variety Fulianai LJantangzao 1968 Fuzao No. 2 Erjiuai No. 7 1978 Kemei IRS 3 Hongmeizao 1981 Shuangke No. 1 Kefuzao (ML) IX IR24 1981 Simei No. 2 • IR24 1983 Zhefu 802 1990 Zhefu No. 7 Erjiufeng Simei No. 2 |X Minyin No. 1 1990 Wando 23 1990 Zhefu No. 9 X IR50 1991 Zhefu 762 Zhefu No. 9 Suweon 290 1995 Zhefu 218 Fu 9 Congsheng (ML) M Suweon 290E Zhefu 219 (ML) Zhefu 37 (ML) Zhefu No. 9 IX Modified IR24 ^^m - mutant or mutant variety - non rrutated p2-en; Figure Z. Pedigree of Zhefu' mutant varieties of nee developed by Zhejiang Agricultural University 'Contributed bx SHU. Q., D. WU and >". XIA, Institute' of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences. Zhejians Agricultural Universir.: Hangzhou 310029, China. P.p. ; XA9846869 PEANUT BREEDING THROUGH MUTATION TECHNIQUES IN CHINA Studies on the application of mutation techniques in peanut breeding were initiated in China in the 1960's. The main research units are in Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Henan provinces. Though the study duration is short and the scope limited, great achievements have been made in peanut genetics and breeding through induced mutations. Main physical and chemical mutagens, such as ^Co, " P, lasers and EMS etc., have been used to treat dry seeds of peanut to induce genetic mutations. Eleven new peanut varieties, developed through direct selection of mutants (DSM) have now been released: meanwhile the methods of combination of induced mutation with hybridization (CIMH) were also used to breed new varieties. This includes utilization of the mutants as cross-parents, or the treatment of cross-parents (male or female or both of the parents) with physical or chemical mutagens. Twenty-two new peanut varieties have been produced through CIMH (Table 1). Table 1. Number of new peanut varieties developed by various induced mutation techniques in China from 1950-1995 Years Mutation techniques 1950 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 Total -70 -'75 -'80 -'84 -'90 -'95 - - 4 Laser 1 Chemical mutagens _ _ 1 _ 1 CIMH 2 5 2 4 6 3 22 Subtotal 2 5 5 4 H) 7 33~ By 1995, 14.7% of the new peanut varieties in China were produced through the direct use of induced mutants or by the use of mutants (or induced mutations) in cross breeding programmes. The cumulative cultivated area of these varieties accounts for 19.5% of the total growing areas of peanut varieties (Table 2).
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