Human Development Index - Districts (Hdi-D) 2017
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX - DISTRICTS (HDI-D) 2017 TRANSITIONING FROM CONSUMER TO HUMAN Prof Dr. Murat ŞEKER Çağla BAKIŞ Barış DİZECİ 1 All rights of this book is reserved and owned by İnsani Gelişme Vakfı İktisadi Ticari İşletmesi. As per Intellectual and Artistic Works Code numbered 5846 and Turkish Commercial Code numbered 2936; it cannot be partially or wholly photocopied, scanned, written, or replicated in any other way, and cannot be quoted illegally. Name of the Book Human Development Index- Districts (HDI-D) 2017 TRANSITIONING FROM CONSUMER TO HUMAN Author of the Book Prof. Dr. Murat ŞEKER Çağla BAKIŞ Barış DİZECİ E-Book Editing / Cover Rasim Çağrı E-Book Page Editing Çizge Tanıtım & Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti. (Maltepe Mah.Davutpaşa Cad.Kale İçi İş Merkezi No:232 Zeytinburnu /İST Tel: 0 212 482 56 28) Editor N. Berk ÇOKER Certificate No / 34794 Publication No / 3 ISBN 978-605-67151-2-9 İSTANBUL 2018 2 CONTENTS TRANSITIONING FROM CONSUMER TO HUMAN FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT .. 5 1. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH .......................................................... 9 1.1. SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH ............................................................................................ 9 1.2. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 24 1.3. VARIABLES ....................................................................................................................... 26 1.3.1. Governance and Transparency Indicators ............................................................ 29 1.3.2. Social Inclusion Indicators ...................................................................................... 30 1.3.3. Economic Status Indicators ...................................................................................... 31 1.3.4. Educational Indicators .............................................................................................. 32 1.3.5. Health Indicators ....................................................................................................... 32 1.3.6. Social Life Indicators ................................................................................................ 33 1.3.7. Municipality Environmental Performance and Transportation Index ........... 33 2. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX - DISTRICTS 2017 .................................................... 34 2.1. HDI-D 2017 MAIN INDEX .............................................................................................. 34 2.2. HDI-D 2017 DISTRICT GROUPS .................................................................................. 44 2.2.1. Green Zone: Districts with Very High Human Development .......................... 45 2.2.2. Blue Zone:Districts with High Human Development ........................................ 47 2.2.3. Yellow Zone:Districts with Medium Human Development ............................. 50 2.2.4. Red Zone: Districts with Low Human Development ......................................... 53 2.3. HDI-D SUB INDICES ...................................................................................................... 54 2.3.1. Governance and Transparency Indicators ............................................................ 54 2.3.2. Social Inclusion Indicators ...................................................................................... 62 2.3.3. Economic Status Indicators ...................................................................................... 69 2.3.4. Education Indicators ................................................................................................. 76 2.3.5. Health Indicators ....................................................................................................... 83 2.3.6. Social Life Indicators ................................................................................................ 90 2.3.7. Municipality Environmental Performance and Transportation Index ........... 97 OVERALL ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................. 104 ANNEX I: RESULTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX ................................................ 106 ANNEX II: DATABASE CHART OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX .......................... 110 References ......................................................................................................................................... 112 3 Graph List Graph 1. HDI-D Average Group Values …………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Graph 2. Governance and Transparency Indicators ………………………………………………………………………... 59 Graph 3. Social Inclusion Indicators ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66 Graph 4. Economic Status Indicators ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 73 Graph 5. Education Indicators ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80 Graph 6. Health Indicators ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 87 Graph 7. Social Life Indicators ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 94 Graph 8. Municipality Environmental Performance and Transportation Index ……………………………… 101 Graph 9. HDI-D Sub-Parameter Sets Percentage Distribution ……………………………………………………….. 105 Chart List Chart 1. Districts Excluded due to Lack of Data ………………………………………………………………………..…….. 10 Chart 2. Districts Covered in the Research ………………………………………………………………………..……….….. 11 Chart 3. HDI-D Variables Chart ………………………………………………………………………..……….……………………. 27 Chart 4. Scenario Questions for “Secret Citizen” ………………………………………………………………………….… 29 Chart 5. Sample Chart for Activity Assessment- Women …….……………………………………………………….… 31 Chart 6. Sample Chart for Activity Assessment- Social Life …….…………………………………………………….… 33 Chart 7. HDI-D Main Results ………………………………………………………………………..……….…………………….…. 36 Chart 8. Change in the Number of Districts in the Zones 2016-2017 ……..…………………………………….… 44 Chart 9. HDI-D Very High Human Development Level (Green Zone) ……..…………………………………….… 46 Chart 10. HDI-D High Human Development Level (Blue Zone) ……..……………………………………………..… 47 Chart 11. HDI-D Medium Human Development Level (Yellow Zone) ……..…………………………………….… 50 Chart 12. HDI-D Low Human Development Level (Red Zone) ……..……………………………………………....… 53 Chart 13. HDI-D Governance and Transparency Indicators ……..……………………………………………........… 55 Chart 14. HDI-D Social Inclusion Indicators ……..……………………………………………................................… 62 Chart 15. HDI-D Economic Status Indicators ……..…………….……………………………................................… 69 Chart 16. HDI-D Education Indicators ……..…………………………………………...........................................… 76 Chart 17. HDI-D Health Indicators ……..………………………………………….................................................… 83 Chart 18. HDI-D Social Life Indicators ……..…………………………………………...........................................… 90 Chart 19. HDI-D Municipality Environmental Performance and Transportation Index …………………… 97 Chart 20. HDI-D Sub-Parameter Sets ……..…………………………………………............................................. 104 4 TRANSITIONING FROM CONSUMER TO HUMAN FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT According to Oxfam, 82% of the world’s wealth produced in the last year went to 1% of the world population. There was no increase in the wealth of 3.7 billion people which is the half of the world population. The 4-day income of a global brand director in the ready-made clothing sector is equal to the money a worker can earn by working for that company in a lifetime. In the US, the salary of a CEO is 271 times more than the average salary of an employee. This gap has increased significantly in the last 30 years. Moreover, if you look at the related publications, you should be admiring the CEOs instead of feeling uncomfortable in this situation. While the poorest 5% in Turkey has only the 0.9% of the total income in the country, the richest 5% takes 21.4% of the entire income. Since we have the fourth worst income distribution among OECD countries, the distribution by 1% income groups in Turkey is also not different from the world as illustrated above. The priority of "United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030" is to eliminate absolute poverty. However, the UN’s definition of absolute poverty is quite a "humble" one. Less than US $ 1.90 per capita per day (weighted by the purchasing power parity) is defined as the threshold for absolute poverty. If we convert it at the current rate in order to visualize it better, it means earning less than 7 TRY per day. The UN and other subsidiaries often deal with poverty in the context of development. Poverty is the biggest problem and obstacle for human development opportunities. All of the basic areas of development such as education, health and human security are directly linked to income levels. Therefore, poverty is at the top of the issues we work on at INGEV. Nonetheless, we believe that handling the situation at the development axis is important but inadequate. As the data I quoted in the beginning of the article from Oxfam points out, there is no problem in generating income. The income generated in the world is enough to abolish not only absolute poverty with this humble definition but also the poverty with more satisfying definitions. This income allows everyone to take advantage of human development opportunities. Yet, the existing distribution mechanisms and consumption and consumer cultures inevitably continue to create poverty. Although the world economy grows, 3.7 billion people do not benefit from it. They are left to read about people from “Sex and the City” media who never has a dinner without oysters, who gets