Estrogens in Peptic Ulcer Healing
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TABLE 1 Studies of Antagonist Activity in Constitutively Active
TABLE 1 Studies of antagonist activity in constitutively active receptors systems shown to demonstrate inverse agonism for at least one ligand Targets are natural Gs and constitutively active mutants (CAM) of GPCRs. Of 380 antagonists, 85% of the ligands demonstrate inverse agonism. Receptor Neutral Antagonist Inverse Agonist Reference Human β2-adrenergic Dichloroisoproterenol, pindolol, labetolol, timolol, Chidiac et al., 1996; Azzi et alprenolol, propranolol, ICI 118,551, cyanopindolol al., 2001 Turkey erythrocyte β-adrenergic Propranolol, pindolol Gotze et al., 1994 Human β2-adrenergic (CAM) Propranolol Betaxolol, ICI 118,551, sotalol, timolol Samama et al., 1994; Stevens and Milligan, 1998 Human/guinea pig β1-adrenergic Atenolol, propranolol Mewes et al., 1993 Human β1-adrenergic Carvedilol CGP20712A, metoprolol, bisoprolol Engelhardt et al., 2001 Rat α2D-adrenergic Rauwolscine, yohimbine, WB 4101, idazoxan, Tian et al., 1994 phentolamine, Human α2A-adrenergic Napthazoline, Rauwolscine, idazoxan, altipamezole, levomedetomidine, Jansson et al., 1998; Pauwels MPV-2088 (–)RX811059, RX 831003 et al., 2002 Human α2C-adrenergic RX821002, yohimbine Cayla et al., 1999 Human α2D-adrenergic Prazosin McCune et al., 2000 Rat α2-adrenoceptor MK912 RX821002 Murrin et al., 2000 Porcine α2A adrenoceptor (CAM- Idazoxan Rauwolscine, yohimbine, RX821002, MK912, Wade et al., 2001 T373K) phentolamine Human α2A-adrenoceptor (CAM) Dexefaroxan, (+)RX811059, (–)RX811059, RS15385, yohimbine, Pauwels et al., 2000 atipamezole fluparoxan, WB 4101 Hamster α1B-adrenergic -
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors
1521-0081/67/3/601–655$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.114.010249 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 67:601–655, July 2015 Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ASSOCIATE EDITOR: ELIOT H. OHLSTEIN International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors Pertti Panula, Paul L. Chazot, Marlon Cowart, Ralf Gutzmer, Rob Leurs, Wai L. S. Liu, Holger Stark, Robin L. Thurmond, and Helmut L. Haas Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry (H.S.) and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty (H.L.H.), Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany; and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.) Abstract ....................................................................................602 Downloaded from I. Introduction and Historical Perspective .....................................................602 II. Histamine H1 Receptor . ..................................................................604 A. Receptor Structure -
With [3H]Mepyramine (Trieyclic Antidepressants/Antihistamine/Neurotransmitter/Amitriptyline) VINH TAN TRAN, RAYMOND S
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 6290-6294,, December 1978 Neurobiology Histamine H1 receptors identified in mammalian brain membranes with [3H]mepyramine (trieyclic antidepressants/antihistamine/neurotransmitter/amitriptyline) VINH TAN TRAN, RAYMOND S. L. CHANG, AND SOLOMON H. SNYDER* Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Communicated by Julius Axelrod, August 30,1978 ABSTRACT The antihistamine [3H mepyramine binds to Male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g) were killed by cer- HI histamine receptors in mammalian brain membranes. vical dislocation, their brains were rapidly removed and ho- Potencies of H1 antihistamines at the binding sites correlate mogenized with a Polytron for 30 min (setting 5) in 30 vol of with their pharmacological antihistamine effects in the guinea pig ileum. Specific [3Himepyramine binding is saturable with ice-cold Na/K phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.5), and the a dissociation constant of about 4 nM in both equilibrium and suspension was centrifuged (50,000 X g for 10 min). The pellet kinetic experiments and a density of 10pmolper gram ofwhole was resuspended in the same volume of fresh buffer and cen- brain. Some tricyclic antidepressants are potent inhibitors of trifuged, and the final pellet was resuspended in the original secific [3Hmepamine binding. Regional variations of volume of ice-cold buffer by Polytron homogenization. Calf [3Hjmepyramine ing do not correlate with variations in brains were obtained from a local abattoir within 2 hr after the endogeneous histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity. death of the animals and transferred to the laboratory in ice- Histamine is a neurotransmitter candidate in mammalian brain cold saline. -
Platelets by Burimamide G
Br. J. Pharmac. (1980), 71, 157-164 INHIBITION OF THROMBOXANE A2 BIOSYNTHESIS IN HUMAN PLATELETS BY BURIMAMIDE G. ALLAN, K.E. EAKINS*, P.S. KULKARNI* & R. LEVI Department of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N.Y. and *Departments of Opthalmology and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, N.Y., U.S.A. 1 Burimamide selectively inhibited the formation of thromboxane A2 from prostaglandin endoper- oxides by human platelet microsomes in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.5 x 10-5 M). Burima- mide was found to be equipotent to imidazole as a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. 2 Metiamide, cimetidine and a series of compounds either bearing a structural or pharmacological relationship to histamine caused little or no inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis by human platelet microsomes. 3 Burimamide (5 x 10-4 to 2.3 x 10- M) did not inhibit either the cyclo-oxygenase or the prosta- cyclin synthetase of sheep seminal vesicles or the prostacyclin synthetase of dog aortic microsomes. 4 Burimamide (2.5 x 10'- to 1.2 x 10-4 M) inhibited sodium arachidonate-induced human platelet aggregation; the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of arachidonic acid used to aggregate the platelets. Introduction The prostaglandin endoperoxides (prostaglandin G2, (Gryglewski, Zmuda, Korbut, Krecioch & Bieron, H2), the first cyclo-oxygenated products of arachido- 1977). nic acid metabolism can be converted enzymatically Various imidazole derivatives were studied by into either primary prostaglandins such as prosta- Moncada et al. (1977) and of these, only one-methyl glandin E2, F2, or D2, the non-prostanoate throm- imidazole was found to be a potent inhibitor of boxane A2 or prostacyclin (Moncada, Gryglewski, thromboxane A2 biosynthesis. -
The Histamine H3 Receptor: Structure, Pharmacology and Function
Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on August 25, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #104752 The histamine H3 receptor: structure, pharmacology and function Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla, Ricardo Márquez-Gómez, Ana-Maricela García-Gálvez, Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa and José-Antonio Arias-Montaño Downloaded from Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, molpharm.aspetjournals.org Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, 07360 México, D.F., México at ASPET Journals on September 29, 2021 Running title: The histamine H3 receptor Correspondence to: Dr. José-Antonio Arias-Montaño Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias Cinvestav-IPN Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco 07360 México, D.F., México. Tel. (+5255) 5747 3964 Fax. (+5255) 5747 3754 Email [email protected] 1 Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on August 25, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #104752 Text pages 66 Number of tables 3 Figures 7 References 256 Words in abstract 168 Downloaded from Words in introduction 141 Words in main text 9494 molpharm.aspetjournals.org at ASPET Journals on September 29, 2021 2 Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on August 25, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ -
2 12/ 35 74Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 22 March 2012 (22.03.2012) 2 12/ 35 74 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 9/16 (2006.01) A61K 9/51 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 9/14 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/EP201 1/065959 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 14 September 201 1 (14.09.201 1) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (25) Filing Language: English RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, (26) Publication Language: English TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/382,653 14 September 2010 (14.09.2010) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, NANOLOGICA AB [SE/SE]; P.O Box 8182, S-104 20 ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, Stockholm (SE). -
Histamine H2-Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors and Other Drugs That Alter Gastric Acidity
Jack DeRuiter, Principles of Drug Action 2, Fall 2001 HISTAMINE H2-ANTAGONISTS, PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND OTHER DRUGS THAT ALTER GASTRIC ACIDITY I. Introduction Peptide ulcer disease (PUD) is a group of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders that result from the erosive action of acid and pepsin. Duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric ulcer (GU) are the most common forms although PUD may occur in the esophagus or small intestine. Factors that are involved in the pathogenesis and recurrence of PUD include hypersecretion of acid and pepsin and GI infection by Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative spiral bacterium. H. Pylori has been found in virtually all patients with DU and approximately 75% of patients with GU. Some risk factors associated with recurrence of PUD include cigarette smoking, chronic use of ulcerogenic drugs (e.g. NSAIDs), male gender, age, alcohol consumption, emotional stress and family history. The goals of PUD therapy are to promote healing, relieve pain and prevent ulcer complications and recurrences. Medications used to heal or reduce ulcer recurrence include antacids, antimuscarinic drugs, histamine H2-receptor antagonists, protective mucosal barriers, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins and bismuth salt/antibiotic combinations. A characteristic feature of the stomach is its ability to secrete acid as part of its involvement in digesting food for absorption later in the intestine. The presence of acid and proteolytic pepsin enzymes, whose formation from pepsinogen is facilitated by the low gastric pH, is generally assumed to be required for the hydrolysis of proteins and other foods. The acid secretory unit of the gastric + + mucosa is the parietal (oxyntic) cell. -
Effect of Inhaled Hi and H2 Receptor Antagonists in Normal And
Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.35.6.428 on 1 June 1980. Downloaded from Thorax, 1980, 35, 428-434 Effect of inhaled Hi and H2 receptor antagonists in normal and asthmatic subjects NEIL C THOMSON AND JAMES W KERR From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Western Infirmary, Glasgow ABSTRACT The effects on airflow resistance of an inhaled Hi receptor antagonist, clemastine, and an H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, have been investigated in normal and asthmatic subjects. No significant changes in specific conductance (sGaw) were seen in six normal subjects. In eight asthmatic subjects a significant increase in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) occurred at 60 min (< 0 02), 90 min (< 0 02), and 120 min (<0 05) after the inhalation of clemastine, whereas inhaled cimetidine had no effect on airflow resistance. Clemastine and cimetidine were tested on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in eight normal and eight asthmatic subjects. Clemastine significantly reduced the fall in sGaw in normal subjects and the fall in FEV1 in asthmatic subjects, whereas cimetidine had no protective effect. Clemastine and ipratropium bromide were tested on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in eight normal subjects. Ipratropium bromide, but not clemastine, significantly reduced the fall in sGaw after methacholine. These results suggest that in normal and asthmatic subjects histamine-induced bronchoconstriction is mediated predominantly via Hi rather than H2 receptors in the airways. http://thorax.bmj.com/ Histamine is released when sensitised human present on the airways of normal and asthmatic lung tissue interacts with specific antigen in subjects. vitro.' Evidence for histamine acting as a chemical mediator in asthma is based on reports Methods of raised histamine levels after oral aspirin challenge,2 exercise challenge,3 allergen chal- Seventeen patients, aged 16-45 years, with lenge,4 and spontaneously occurring asthma.5 In extrinsic asthma and reversible airflow obstruc- experimental animals, histamine has been shown tion were studied. -
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Drugs
Baran Group Meeting Lisa M. Barton G Protein-Coupled Receptor Drugs 5/4/19 Introduction GPCR Classes • G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are very important for human biology A-F System: Based on amino - Largest family of membrane-bound receptors acid sequences and functional - Over 350 non-olfactory GPCRs in humans, ~1/3 similarities, covers GPCRs in of which have been drugged invertebrates and vertebrates - Expressed on all cells in the body - Regulate numerous diverse physiological Class A or Rhodopsin processes including intercellular Class B or Secretin communication and signal transmission Class C or Glutamate - Over 30% of approved drugs target GPCRs Class D or Fungal Mating - Between 2011-2015 represented ~27% of the Pheromone (not in vertebrates) global market share of therapeutic drugs and Class E or cAMP receptors generated ~$890 billion (not in vertebrates) Class F or Frizzled/smoothened receptors GRAFS System: Based on phylogenetic tree, covers only human GPCRs G or Glutamate R or Rhodopsin A or Adhesion F or Frizzled/Taste2 S or Secretin From Trends in Pharm. Sci. 2012, 33, 17 Mol. Pharma. 2003, 63, 1256 Definitions • Agonist - mimic function of natural ligands by binding to receptor and causing the normal response • Partial Agonist - any agonist that produce the maximum response capable in a system even at saturating From Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2017, 16, 829 concentrations • Most GPCR-targeting drugs were not initially devoped to target a specific protein but • Antagonist - bind to receptor and prevent normal response rather by functional activity by inhibiting natural ligand from binding; keeps response of • Increase in GPCR crystal structures (>40), advances in receptor at basal levels. -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US010493080B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No.: US 10,493,080 B2 Schultz et al. (45 ) Date of Patent : Dec. 3 , 2019 ( 54 ) DIRECTED DIFFERENTIATION OF (56 ) References Cited OLIGODENDROCYTE PRECURSOR CELLS TO A MYELINATING CELL FATE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,301,071 B2 11/2007 Zheng (71 ) Applicants : The Scripps Research Institute , La 7,304,071 B2 12/2007 Cochran et al. Jolla , CA (US ) ; Novartis AG , Basel 9,592,288 B2 3/2017 Schultz et al. 2003/0225072 A1 12/2003 Welsh et al. ( CH ) 2006/0258735 Al 11/2006 Meng et al. 2009/0155207 Al 6/2009 Hariri et al . (72 ) Inventors : Peter Schultz , La Jolla , CA (US ) ; Luke 2010/0189698 A1 7/2010 Willis Lairson , San Diego , CA (US ) ; Vishal 2012/0264719 Al 10/2012 Boulton Deshmukh , La Jolla , CA (US ) ; Costas 2016/0166687 Al 6/2016 Schultz et al. Lyssiotis , Boston , MA (US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73 ) Assignees : The Scripps Research Institute , La JP 10-218867 8/1998 Jolla , CA (US ) ; Novartis AG , Basel JP 2008-518896 5/2008 (CH ) JP 2010-533656 A 10/2010 WO 2008/143913 A1 11/2008 WO 2009/068668 Al 6/2009 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this WO 2009/153291 A1 12/2009 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO 2010/075239 Al 7/2010 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days . (21 ) Appl. No .: 15 /418,572 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Molin - Holgado et al . “ Regulation of muscarinic receptor function in ( 22 ) Filed : Jan. 27 , 2017 developing oligodendrocytes by agonist exposure ” British Journal of Pharmacology, 2003 , 138 , pp . -
Drug/Substance Trade Name(S)
A B C D E F G H I J K 1 Drug/Substance Trade Name(s) Drug Class Existing Penalty Class Special Notation T1:Doping/Endangerment Level T2: Mismanagement Level Comments Methylenedioxypyrovalerone is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a 3,4-methylenedioxypyprovaleroneMDPV, “bath salts” norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at 1 A Yes A A 2 Boehringer Ingelheim. No 3 Alfentanil Alfenta Narcotic used to control pain and keep patients asleep during surgery. 1 A Yes A No A Aminoxafen, Aminorex is a weight loss stimulant drug. It was withdrawn from the market after it was found Aminorex Aminoxaphen, Apiquel, to cause pulmonary hypertension. 1 A Yes A A 4 McN-742, Menocil No Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system stimulant that is used in the treatment of Amphetamine Speed, Upper 1 A Yes A A 5 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. No Anileridine is a synthetic analgesic drug and is a member of the piperidine class of analgesic Anileridine Leritine 1 A Yes A A 6 agents developed by Merck & Co. in the 1950s. No Dopamine promoter used to treat loss of muscle movement control caused by Parkinson's Apomorphine Apokyn, Ixense 1 A Yes A A 7 disease. No Recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. It is often claimed that BZP was originally Benzylpiperazine BZP 1 A Yes A A synthesized as a potential antihelminthic (anti-parasitic) agent for use in farm animals. -
The Case of Cimetidine and Peptic Ulcer Disease
Benefit-And-Cost Analysis of Medical Interventions: The Case of Cimetidine and Peptic Ulcer Disease September 1981 NTIS order #PB82-118910 LIBRARY OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT CASE STUDY #11 THE IMPLICATIONS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SEPTEMBER 1981 BACKGROUND PAPER #2: CASE STUDIES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES CASE STUDY #n: BENEFIT-AND-COST ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS: THE CASE OF CIMETIDINE AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE Harvey V. Fineberg, M. D., Ph. D. Associate Professor and Laurie A. Pearlman, A. B. Research Analyst Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass. OTA Background Papers are documents that contain information believed to be useful to various parties. The information under-girds formal OTA assessments or is an outcome of internal exploratory planning and evaluation. The material is usually not of immediate policy interest such as is contained in an OTA Report or Technical Memorandum, nor does it present options for Congress to consider. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES Office of Technology Assessment Washington D C 20510 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 80-600161 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword This case study is one of 17 studies comprising Background Paper #2 for OTA’s assessment, The implications of Cost-Effectiveness A Analysis of Medical Technology. That assessment analyzes the feasibility, implications, and value of using cost-effec- tiveness and cost-benefit analysis (CEA/CBA) in health care decisionmaking.