DOCSLIB.ORG

Composition of Seed Oils in Some Latin American Cuphea (Lythraceae) Shirley A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Composition of Seed Oils in Some Latin American Cuphea (Lythraceae) Shirley A Industrial Crops and Products, 1 (1992) 31-34 31 r) 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers BY All rights reserved, 0926-6690/92/S05.00 INDCRO 00005 Composition of seed oils in some Latin American Cuphea (Lythraceae) Shirley A. Grahama and Robert Kleimanb 'Departmelll ojBiological Sciences, Kelll State University, Kent, OH, USA ancfbUSDA-ARS, Northern Regional Research Celller, Peoria, IL, USA (Received 26 August 1991: accepted 13 February 1992) Abstract Graham, S.A. and Kleiman, R., 1992. Composition of seed oils in some Latin American Cuphea (Lythraceae). Industr. Crops Products, I: 31-34. Cuphea is unique among all flowering plants for the diversity ofmedium chain fatty acids produced as dominant fatty acids in the seed oils. The genus is a focus of research as a renewable source of MCTs for use by the chemical, food and health industries and as a model organism for the elucidation of biosynthesis of fatty acids, Seed oil composition is reported in 15 taxa, including 13 species previously unstudied, Results mostly substantiate patterns established in earlier studies in which species emphasize production of a single fatty acid, either C8:0, CIO:O, CI2:0, C14:0 or CI8:2. Three species are unusual in producing equal amounts ofC8:0 and CIO:O, C12:0 and C14:0, and ClO:0-CI2:0-CI4:0, respectively, In C. pulcherrima, 94% of total seed oil composition is caprylic acid (C8:0) and in C. schumannii, 94% is capric acid (ClO:0). These are the highest single fatty acid percentages reported in the genus, Representatives ofsect. Ornithocuphea are analysed for the first time and new compositional seed oil patterns are reported in sections Brachyandra and kIelvilla. Seed oil; Latin American Cuphea The New World genus Cuphea is currently included weight, most commonly with 30-33% oil content in a select list of flowering plant genera that show (Arkcoll, 1988; Thompson and Kleiman, 1988), exceptional promise as new industrial crop plants The value of Cuphea seed lipids lies in the composi­ (Hinman, 1986; Knapp, 1990; ThomI1son, 1984), tional diversity produced and the utilization that Seeds of Cuphea produce oils composed of a can be made of the various fatty acids by the diversity of medium-chain fatty acids, with indivi­ chemical, food and health industries, The primary dual species usually emphasizing one of several medium chain fatty acid in use at present is lauric fatty acids, Cuphea oilseeds may be rich in caprylic acid, It is employed extensively in the manufacture (C8:0), capric (ClO:O), lauric (C12:0), myristic of food products, household cleaners and personal (C14:0), linoleic (C18:2) or, occasionally, linolenic care products, in industrial lubricants, and in acid (C18:3), The lipids occur primarily in the coatings and plastics (Knaut and Richtler, 1985), embryo and constitute up to 42% of total seed About one billion pounds of lauric oils are imported annually by the United States for such Correspondence: Shirley A. Graham, Department of Biological uses (Kleiman, 1990), Of recent development are Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. structured lipid mixtures in which linoleic acid (typically predominate in plant seed oils) is blended plant fatty acid, together \vith the nearly regular with shorter chain fatty acids, which ClIplzea seeds (vs. irregular or zygomorphic) flowers characteris­ produce in abundance. Such formulations are tic of the section, suggests that the most primitive employed to improve digestion in newborns, for species of the genus occur in section ClIplzea. weight control in obese patients, and in other In section Braclzyandra, C. micrantlza. with two specific nutritional medical applications (Babayan, major fatty acids (CI2:0=47% and CI4:0=40%), 1981, 1987). Because of the unique diversity of differs from a previously reported population in fatty acids produced among the species, ClIplzea is which lauric acid dominated (CI2:0=53%) and also viewed as a model system for the study of the myristic acid was secondary (CI4:0= 18%)(Gra­ fatty acid biosynthetic mechanism (Slabas et al., ham et al., 1981). The first population is from 1982: Deerberg et aI., 1990), while isolation of the Dominican Republic, the latter from Brazil. Most genes that control the system is a goal of biotech­ species of ClIplzea are represented by one dominant nology firms seeking to transfer fatty acid synthesis fatty acid in the seed oil, and only occasionally by genes to established oilseed plants such as rape two. In only one species to date, C. micropetala (Graham, 1989a). var. hirtella, three fatty acids occur in approxi­ Seed oil composition patterns of 73 species of mately equal proportions. Where several popula­ ClIplzea or ca. 28% of the genus have been deter­ tions of one species have been analysed, minor mined (Graham et al., 1981; Wolf et al., 1983: variation of 10% or less normally occurs in percen­ Graham and Kleiman, 1985) and are summarized tage of fatty acids produced, rather than major by Graham (1989a). Fifteen new analyses are variations such as reported here for C. micrantlza. reported here, including analyses of 13 previously C. micropetala (sect. Melvilla) appears to have unstudied taxa in six of the fourteen sections of two compositional patterns, one in each variety of the genus. the species. In var. hirtella three dominant fatty acids, CI0:0, C12:0 and CI4:0, occur in approxi­ Materials and Methods mately equal amounts; in var. micropetala, one of the three, CI4:0, is predominant. Seeds for analysis were collected in Brazil. Bolivia, The section Melvilla is considered polyphyletic Dominican Republic, Mexico and Venezuela. Her­ based on diversity of pollen types and floral charac­ barium vouchers are deposited at Kent State Uni­ versity (KE-G). Analysis follows procedures ters such as spur shape and calyx lobe types outlined earlier (Wolf et al., 1983). After transester­ (Graham and Graham, 1971; Graham, 1990 and ification to their methyl esters, fatty acids of the unpublished data). Seed oil composition patterns wild seeds were determined by gas-liquid chroma­ support the presence of at least three major lin­ tography, and content of single fatty acids was eages. Lineages of CI0:0 and C 12:0 species were computed as percentage of the total fatty acids. previously reported (Graham, 1989a). The addition of C. micropetala var. micropetala, C. rasilis, C. Results and Discussion salvadorensis with C14:0 seed oils suggests presence of a third group of related species. Evidence for Fatty acid composition of seed oils in 15 taxa of relationships using seed oil composition is welcome ClIplzea is summarized in Table I. The species in this section where convergence of the most generally follow patterns reported for previous prominent floral characters as a result of similar species analysed. They are congruent with patterns specialized pollinators (hummingbirds, hawk­ of related species in most, but not all, instances. moths, long-tongued bees) makes determination Among the taxa reported, the following deserve of relationships difficult. Differences in composi­ special comment. In C. denticlilata seeds primarily tion patterns are thus valuable in assessing evolu­ produce linoleic acid (C18:2), the most common tionary relationships among the species. constituent of flowering plant seed lipids. Domi­ In the evolutionarily advanced sect. Diplop­ nance of C18:2 in C. denticlilata is in keeping with tychia, seed oils of C. ianthina are unique in having the pattern in section Cliphea (see summary: Gra­ nearly equal amounts of C8:0 and CIO:O. The ham, 1989a). The emphasis on this most common same pattern is reported for C. pinetorllm in this 33 TABLE I Fatty acid composition of Cuphea seed oils expressed as percentages of total fatty acid composition. Species are arranged according to the classification of Koehne (1903) Species Percentage of total fatty acids (%) Collection 8:0 10:0 12:0 14:0 16:0 18 :0 18: I 18:2 18:3 Sect. Cuphea C. dellliculala Kunth 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.0 0.4 9.8 53.2 3.5 Venezuela: Fryxel/ 4381 Sect. Brachyalldra C. me/anium R.Br. 0.0 4.7 85.9 7.6 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 Dom. Republic: Zanoni 38177 C. micralll!w Kunth 0.0 0.6 47.0 40.0 6.1 0.1 ...' ~0 3.8 0.0 Dom. Republic: Zanoni 41271 C. urens Koehne 0.0 20.1 75.6 3.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 Dom. Republic: Zanoni 41811 Sect. Elialldra C. acin!folia St.Hil. 4.6 12.5 65.1 10.7 1.8 0.1 1.9 3.1 0.2 Brazil: Graham 951 C. con(enif!ora St.Hil. 3.0 15.2 73.3 3.7 1.0 0.1 0.9 2.6 0.1 Brazil: Graham 927 Sect. MeMlla C. micropetala var. micropetala Kunth 0.0 17.0 23.7 47.8 5.1 0.2 1.9 4.2 0.1 Mexico: Graham 1051 J 0 var. hirtel/a Koehne 0.0 22.3 27.1 38.7 4.1 0.2 _.~ 4.9 0.4 Mexico: Graham 1048 C. rasilis Graham 0.0 13.0 23.7 49.0 5.0 0.3 3.6 5.1 0.2 Mexico: Graham 1027 C. salvadorensis Stand. 25.3 0.9 2.8 64.5 5.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 Mexico: Graham 1076 C. schumannii Koehne 3.0 93.8 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.1 Mexico: Graham 1090 Sect. Diploptychia C. cyanea DC. 68.3 29.8 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 Mexico: Graham 1070 C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NEW PLANT SELECTIONS for 2021 ANNUALS Year of the Sunflower the Sunflower Is One of the Most Popular Genera of Flowers to Grow in Your Garden
    NEW PLANT SELECTIONS FOR 2021 ANNUALS Year of the Sunflower The Sunflower is one of the most popular genera of flowers to grow in your garden. First-time to experienced gardeners gravitate to these bold, easy to grow flowers. Sunflowers originated in the Americas and domestic seeds dating back to 2100 BC have been found in Mexico. Native Americans grew sunflowers as a crop, and explorers eventually brought the flowers to Europe in the 1500s. Over the next few centuries, sunflowers became increasingly popular on the European and Asian continent, with Russian farmers growing over 2 million acres in the early 19th century (most of which was used to manufacture sunflower oil). How to Grow and Care for Sunflowers: Sunflower seeds can be direct sown after the risk of frost has passed or started indoors. Seeds should be sown ¼” to ½” deep and kept moist. Taller, larger sunflower varieties have a large taproot to keep them rooted and do not do well when they are transplanted so direct sowing of those varieties is recommended. Choose a site, or a container, in full sun, with average fertility and good drainage. https://ngb.org/year-of-the-sunflower/ Proven Winners 2021 Annual of the Year – Supertunia Mini Vista® Pink Star Meet the newest star in our annual lineup! Take a closer look at Supertunia Mini Vista® Pink Star petunia to find ideas for incorporating it into your garden and learn what it needs to thrive. There’s no denying the popularity of Supertunia Vista® Bubblegum® petunia, and we know you are going to love her “little sister” – Supertunia Mini Vista® Pink Star.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Hummingbird Gardening Handout 2010
    ATTRACTING HUMMINGBIRDS TO NEW ENGLAND GARDENS I have been gardening for hummingbirds and butterflies in Newbury, MA (zone 6) for the past ten years. Here are my “TOP 15” hummingbird nectar plants, roughly in order of bloom. Those underlined are staples which should be in everyone’s hummingbird garden. 1) RED AND YELLOW COLUMBINE Aquilegia canadensis. New England native usually in bloom when Ruby-throats arrive. Does well in most light conditions and soils except for very dry spots. 2) Bleeding Hearts Dicentra spectabilis is of European origin but larger than the native D. eximia . Other good early bloomers are Japanese quince, a shrub, and flowering maple and crabapple trees. 3) Penstemons All species, especially taller red types from the west such as P. barbatus and P. palmeri. They tend to die out after a while, however. 4) BEEBALM Monarda didyma , especially red, mildew-resistant varieties such as Cambridge Scarlet or Gardenview Scarlet. Native; likes moist soil. 5) CARDINAL FLOWER Lobelia cardinalis. Needs moist soil; mulch in winter. 6) Canna lilies-red; wild Canna indica is best. Dig tubers and store inside over winter. 7) SALVIAS - All the red New World species, especially S. coccinea and S. splendens . I like “Lady in Red” and “Texas Sage.” Easy from seed; treat as annuals. 8) HONEYSUCKLE – “Goldflame”, a native/Japanese hybrid which is very long- blooming, does the best in my conditions and hummingbirds love it. The native Coral Honeysuckle, Lonicera sempervirens is also good if you can grow it. 9) Red Buckeye Aesculus pavia ,. Small tree, native to southeastern US. 10) CYPRESS VINE and ‘Cardinal Climber’ Ipomoa spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Humnet's Top Hummingbird Plants for the Southeast
    HumNet's Top Hummingbird Plants for the Southeast Votes Species Common Name Persistence US Native 27 Salvia spp. Salvia or Sage Perennial, annuals Yes - some species 8 Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turkscap Perennial Yes 8 Salvia gauranitica Anise Sage Perennial 6 Cuphea spp. Cuphea Perennial, annuals 5 Justicia brandegeana Shrimp Plant Tender Perennial 5 Salvia coccinea Scarlet Sage, Texas Sage Annual - reseeds Yes 5 Stachytarpheta spp. Porterweed Annual, tender perennial S. jamaicensis only 4 Cuphea x 'David Verity' David Verity Cigar Plant Perennial 4 Hamellia patens Mexican Firebush Perennial 3 Abutilon spp. Flowering Maple Tender perennial 3 Callistemon spp. Bottlebrush Shrub - evergreen 3 Canna spp. Canna, Flag Perennial Yes - some species 3 Erythrina spp. Mamou Bean, Bidwill's Coral Bean, Crybaby Tree Perennial E. herbacea only 3 Ipomoea spp. Morning Glory, Cypress Vine Vines - perennials, annuals Yes 3 Lonicera sempervirens Coral Honeysuckle Vine - Woody Yes 2 Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Vine - Woody Yes 2 Lantana spp. Lantana Perennial Yes - some species 2 Odontonema stricta Firespike Perennial, tender perennial 2 Pentas lanceolata Pentas Annual 2 Salvia elegans Pineapple Sage Perennial 2 Salvia greggii Autumn Sage Perennial Yes 2 Salvia x 'Wendy's Wish' Wendy's Wish Salvia Perennial, tender perennial 1 Aesculus spp. Buckeye Shrubs, trees - deciduous Yes 1 Agastache 'Summer Love' Summer Love Agastache Perennial 1 Aquilegia canadensis Columbine Perennial, biennial Yes 1 Calliandra spp. Powder Puff Tropical 1 Cuphea micropetala Giant Cigar Plant Perennial 1 Erythrina herbacea Mamou Bean Perennial Yes 1 Erythrina x bidwillii Bidwill's Coral Tree Perennial 1 Hedychium spp. Ginger Perennial 1 Impatiens capensis Jewelweed Annual Yes Votes Species Common Name Persistence US Native 1 Ipomoea quamoclit Cypress Vine Vine - woody 1 Iris spp.
    [Show full text]
  • FIRECRACKER CUPHEA Cuphea Ignea Characteristics Culture Noteworthy Characteristics Problems Uses
    FIRECRACKER CUPHEA Cuphea ignea Characteristics Type: Annual Sun: Full sun Zone: 10 to 12 Water: Medium Height: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Maintenance: Low Spread: 1.50 to 2.50 feet Suggested Use: Annual Bloom Time: Flowers freely Attracts: Butterflies, Hummingbirds Bloom Description: Red Fruit: Showy Culture Winter hardy to USDA Zones 10-12. In cooler areas, it is grown as an annual, container plant or houseplant. In the garden, it is best grown in average, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun. Tolerates part shade. It is easily grown from seed started indoors 10-12 weeks before last spring frost date. It tolerates high summer heat. It also tolerates some drought, but performs best with regular moisture. Plants can become leggy as the growing season progresses, in which case stem tips may be pinched as needed to maintain good plant form. If grown in containers, plants may be overwintered indoors in bright, sunny locations with temperatures in the 60s and reduced watering. Plants may be propagated from tip cuttings in the fall for overwintering. It is generally best to start new plants each year. Noteworthy Characteristics Cuphea ignea, commonly called firecracker plant or cigar flower, is native to Mexico and the West Indies. It is a rounded, densely branched, bushy, evergreen sub-shrub that grows 20-30” tall and as wide. Small, tubular, bright red flowers (to 1.25” long) bloom singly in the leaf axils from late spring to frost along stems crowded with pointed, lance-shaped to ovate, dark green leaves (to 1 1/2” long).
    [Show full text]
  • Shirley A. Graham
    SHIRLEY A. GRAHAM, CURATOR MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 4344 Shaw Boulevard SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166-0299 (314) 577-9473 x 76206 email: [email protected] June, 2019 FIELD OF STUDY Systematics and evolution of the flowering plants, specializing in the plant family Lythraceae, the Loosestrifes, the species, their evolutionary and biogeographical history. Currently I am focused on two projects: producing a modern monograph of the ca. 250 species of the tropical American genus Cuphea, incorporating data from morphology, molecular phylogenies, palynology, chromsomes, and seed oil chemistry; and with two colleagues, to complete a family phylogeny and sufficient markers to expose the most basal evolutionary branches and representative of all genera. EDUCATION 1957 - B.S., Michigan State University, Biology 1960 - M.A., University of Michigan, Biology 1963 - Ph.D., University of Michigan, Botany 1964 - Post-Doctoral, Harvard University, Botany ACADEMIC AWARDS AND GRANTS 1958 - Fulbright Scholarship, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 1959 - Horace H. Rackham Graduate Fellow, University of Michigan 1961 - University Scholar and National Science Foundation Summer Fellowship 1962 - University Fellow 1979 - Henkel Corporation Research Travel Grant, $5000 1981 - Procter & Gamble Research and Travel Grant, $7000 1984-1987 - National Science Foundation BSR 8314366 - Research Award, $124,968 1988-1991 - National Science Foundation BSR 8806523 - Research Award, $99,305 1991-1993 - National Science Foundation DEB 9210543 - Career Advancement Award, $44,000 1995-1999 - National Science Foundation DEB 9509524 - Research Award, $160,000 1996-1997 - NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Supplemental Award, $5000 1997-1998 - NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates Supplemental Award, $5000 1998 - Finalist, Distinguished Scholar Award, Kent State University 1998 - Elected Fellow, Ohio Academy of Sciences 1999 - Board of Directors, Ohio Plant Biotechnological Consortium, 2000-2001 - Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium, 1 year competitive research award, jointly to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lythraceae of Ohio1
    346 THORNTON J. F. HOLE AND CHARLES E. REDMOND Vol. 70 THE LYTHRACEAE OF OHIO1 WILL H. BLACKWELL, JR. Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 ABSTRACT The distribution of Ohio representatives of the family Lythraceae was studied by examination of all specimens of this family in ten in-state and one out-of-state herbaria. Six species of the Lythraceae were found to be native to Ohio and are discussed herein: Decodon verticillatus, Rotala ramosior, Ammannia coccinea, Peplis diandra, Lythrum dacotanum, and Cuphea viscosissima. Three introduced taxa are also deemed worthy of inclusion: Lythrum hyssopifolia, L. salicaria, and Lagerstroemia indica. Lythrum hyssopifolia and Peplis diandra are rare in Ohio, each being known but from a single locality. Rotala ramosior and Ammannia coccinea are infrequent, the southern part of their Ohio distribution being directly related to the path of the Ohio and/or Scioto rivers. Though infrequent at present, Lythrum salicaria is spreading and is now locally abundant at several stations. Decodon verticillatus is rated in this treatment as frequent, but its distribution is scattered. It will certainly become less frequent if further destruc- tion of its natural marsh habitat occurs. Lythrum dacotanum and Cuphea viscosissima are of common occurrence in the state. Lythrum dacotanum is broadly distributed in moist, low-lying, prairie situations; Cuphea viscosissima occurs in moist or dry habitats and is the only representative of the Lythraceae common in the Appalachian uplands of southeastern Ohio. County distribution maps are presented for all species included except Lagerstroemia indica (crape-myrtle), which is only occasionally planted as far north as Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • Hummingbird Plants Plants That Attract Hummingbirds
    Hummingbird Plants Plants that attract hummingbirds Annuals Abutilon Cypress Vine Pentas Agapanthus Dicliptera suberecta Petunia Agastache Eucalyptus Salvia Balsam Four-o-clocks Scarlet Runner Bean Bromeliads Fuchsia Hamelia patens Shrimp Plant Canna Impatiens Snapdragons Cardinal Climber (Vine) Lantana Verbena Cestrum Mandevilla Vine Wax Begonia Cleome Morning glory (Vine) Zinnia Cuphea-cigar plant Nasturtium Cross Vine Nicotiana Perennials Alcea Lilium This list may include Althea Lobelia plants not currently Aquilegia Lonicera-coral, red grown by Baker’s Acres. Asclepias Lupinus So, if seeking a particular Campanula Lychnis plant please see an Campsis-trumpet vine Lythrum associate. Clematis Monarda Crocosmia Nepeta Delphinium Papaver Dianthus Pelargonium Dicentra Penstemon Digitalis Phlox paniculata Epimedium Physostegia Hemerocallis Salvia Heuchera Saponaria Hibiscus Scabiosa Hosta Symphytum (comfrey) Iris Vinca major Liatris Hummingbirds We all love‘em. If you want to attract hummingbirds the natural way, plant their favorite plants and they will come. They don’t have a sense of smell; they do have great eyesight and red is their slight favorite, but other colors will do just fine. Research has shown that hummingbirds can see the color red, especially a large area of it from over a half a mile away. As you’re planning your hummingbird garden try to provide a succession of red, orange and pink flowering plants. You’re sure to lure Baker’s Acres Greenhouse migrating hummingbirds to stop along the way and you’ll keep your yard filled with hummingbird activity throughout the growing season and well into fall. 3388 Castle Road Alexandria, Ohio 43001 Don’t forget to have convenient perches nearby since 80% of the time they rest from all that wing action.
    [Show full text]
  • FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea Ignea Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Cuphea Ignea. Available From: Http
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea ignea Cuphea ignea System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Myrtales Lythraceae Common name Synonym Cuphea platycentra , Lem.?? Cuphea platycentra , auct. non Benth. Similar species Summary Cuphea ignea is an ornamental plant that has become naturalized in a few cases. This is a major invasive plant of La Réunion where it can become dominant or co-dominant in natural or semi-natural environments and threaten the composition, structure and functioning of ecosystems. view this species on IUCN Red List Principal source: Compiler: Comité français de l'UICN (IUCN French Committee) & IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) Review: Pubblication date: 2008-03-14 ALIEN RANGE [1] REUNION BIBLIOGRAPHY 5 references found for Cuphea ignea Managment information General information Baret, S., Rouget, M., Richardson, D. M., Lavergne, C., Egoh, B., Dupont, J., & Strasberg, D. 2006. Current distribution and potential extent of the most invasive alien plant species on La R?union (Indian Ocean, Mascarene islands). Austral Ecology, 31, 747-758. Summary: L objectif de ce papier est d identifier les zones prioritaires en mati?re de gestion des invasions biologiques ? La R?union en mod?lisant la distribution actuelle et potentiellle d une s?lection de plantes parmi les plus envahissantes. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Cuphea ignea. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=1276 [Accessed 10 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Cuphea ignea Conservatoire Botanique National De Mascarin (BOULLET V. coord.) 2007. - Cuphea ignea Index de la flore vasculaire de la R?union (Trach?ophytes) : statuts, menaces et protections.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustration Sources
    APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Buy Cuphea Hyssopifolia ( Lavender) - Plant Online at Nurserylive | Best Plants at Lowest Price
    Buy cuphea hyssopifolia ( lavender) - plant online at nurserylive | Best plants at lowest price Cuphea Hyssopifolia ( Lavender) - Plant Growing Cuphea is an easy way to add a tropical flair to your garden. When you know how to care for Cuphea plants, you will be rewarded with many years of lovely flowers. What makes it special: One of the best small attractive evergreen flowering shrub. Low maintenance plants. This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Rating: Not Rated Yet Price Variant price modifier: Base price with tax Price with discount ?349 Salesprice with discount Sales price ?349 Sales price without tax ?349 Discount Tax amount Ask a question about this product Description With this purchase you will get: 01 Cuphea Hyssopifolia ( Lavender) Plant 01 5 inch (13 cm) Grower Round Plastic Pot (Black) 1 / 3 Buy cuphea hyssopifolia ( lavender) - plant online at nurserylive | Best plants at lowest price Description for Cuphea Hyssopifolia ( Lavender) Plant height: 5 - 9 inches (12 - 23 cm) Plant spread: 4 - 8 inches (10 - 21 cm) This product may not have the flowers at the time of shipping. Afterward, the plant will bloom and it could be of lavender colored flower. Cuphea hyssopifolia is a small evergreen shrub from Lythraceae family, native to Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. It grows to about 60 cm high by 90 cm wide and the flowers emerge from the axils to create a show of color that lasts for most part of the year and flower color may range from purple, lavender, white, pink, and deep rose variety.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Aquatic Plants: Morphoanatomical Adaptations - Edna Scremin-Dias
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. I - Tropical Aquatic Plants: Morphoanatomical Adaptations - Edna Scremin-Dias TROPICAL AQUATIC PLANTS: MORPHOANATOMICAL ADAPTATIONS Edna Scremin-Dias Botany Laboratory, Biology Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Keywords: Wetland plants, aquatic macrophytes, life forms, submerged plants, emergent plants, amphibian plants, aquatic plant anatomy, aquatic plant morphology, Pantanal. Contents 1. Introduction and definition 2. Origin, distribution and diversity of aquatic plants 3. Life forms of aquatic plants 3.1. Submerged Plants 3.2 Floating Plants 3.3 Emergent Plants 3.4 Amphibian Plants 4. Morphological and anatomical adaptations 5. Organs structure – Morphology and anatomy 5.1. Submerged Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.2. Floating Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.3. Emergent Leaves: Structure and Adaptations 5.4. Aeriferous Chambers: Characteristics and Function 5.5. Stem: Morphology and Anatomy 5.6. Root: Morphology and Anatomy 6. Economic importance 7. Importance to preserve wetland and wetlands plants Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary UNESCO – EOLSS Tropical ecosystems have a high diversity of environments, many of them with high seasonal influence. Tropical regions are richer in quantity and diversity of wetlands. Aquatic plants SAMPLEare widely distributed in theseCHAPTERS areas, represented by rivers, lakes, swamps, coastal lagoons, and others. These environments also occur in non tropical regions, but aquatic plant species diversity is lower than tropical regions. Colonization of bodies of water and wetland areas by aquatic plants was only possible due to the acquisition of certain evolutionary characteristics that enable them to live and reproduce in water. Aquatic plants have several habits, known as life forms that vary from emergent, floating-leaves, submerged free, submerged fixed, amphibian and epiphyte.
    [Show full text]