R-ECFA Meeting, Wissenschaftszentrum, Bonn, May 9, 2014
Astrophysics Cosmology Astroparticle Physics in Germany Astro- Cosmic Rays particle High Energy Gamma Rays Physics Ultra High Energy Neutrinos Dark Matter Neutrino Mass Summary Particle Physics
Christian Weinheimer – University of Münster Chair Committee for Astroparticle Physics in Germany KAT 1 APP in Germany: Universities
Hamburg • 28 universities with about ´Bremen 90 professors, Hannover HU Berlin fully or partly devoted to Münster Fulda Potsdam APP Bielefeld Dortmund Bochum • Still growing field with new Wuppertal Dresden professorships, Köln Siegen e.g. recently at Erlangen, Bonn Aachen Frankfurt Jena Munich and Potsdam
Mainz Würzburg • Large fraction of Darmstadt Young Investigator Heidelberg Erlangen Groups Karlsruhe
Tübingen TU München Freiburg LU München
2 APP in Germany: Max Planck Institutes & Research Centers DESY, Hamburg of the Helmholtz DESY, Zeuthen Association MPI AEI Hannover MPI AEI Potsdam/Golm
FZD Rossendorf MPIfR Bonn
GSI Darmstadt
MPIK Heidelberg KIT Karlsruhe
MPIs München/Garching (MPA, MPE, MPP) • 2 (4) Research Centers of the Helmholtz Associtiation • 4 (6) Max Planck Institutes
3 Astroparticle Physics in Germany: Topics
• Cosmic rays (Pierre Auger Observatory, ..) typically • High energy gamma rays large area p dma (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, CTA) roa ground-based ean • Ultra-high energy neutrinos urop ess telescopes E proc (IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NeT) • Low energy neutrinos (BOREXINO, JUNO) • Neutrino Mass typically (ECHo, GERDA, KATRIN, …) in underground • Direct dark matter search laboratories to (CRESST, EDELWEISS, shield cosmic rays ns atio EURECA, XENON, DARWIN) end mm ttee • Nuclear Astrophysics eco omi R e C icle of th part • Gravitational waves tro T r As KA fo sics • and theory in all these topics ... Phy
4 Astroparticle Physics in Germany: Topics
• Cosmic rays (Pierre Auger Observatory, ..) typically • High energy gamma rays large area p dma (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, CTA) roa ground-based ean • Ultra-high energy neutrinos urop ess telescopes E proc (IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NeT) • Low energy neutrinos (BOREXINO, JUNO) see S. Schönert's talk • Neutrino Mass typically (ECHo, GERDA, KATRIN,see … )S. Schönert'sin underground talk • Direct dark matter search laboratories to (CRESST, EDELWEISS, shield cosmic rays ns atio EURECA, XENON, DARWIN) end mm ttee • Nuclear Astrophysics eco omi R e C icle of th part • Gravitational waves tro T r As KA fo sics • and theory in all these topics ... Phy
5 Astroparticle Physics in Germany: Topics
• Cosmic rays (Pierre Auger Observatory, ..) typically • High energy gamma rays large area p dma (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, CTA) roa ground-based ean • Ultra-high energy neutrinos urop ess telescopes E proc (IceCube, ANTARES, KM3NeT) • Low energy neutrinos (BOREXINO, JUNO) • Neutrino Mass typically (ECHo, GERDA, KATRIN, …) in underground • Direct dark matter search laboratories to (CRESST, EDELWEISS, shield cosmic rays ns atio EURECA, XENON, DARWIN) end Germany is involved mm ttee • Nuclear Astrophysics eco omi R e C icle in all major topics of th part • Gravitational waves tro T r As KA of Astroparticle Physics fo sics • and theory in all these topics ... Phy in a (co-)leading role
6 Cosmic accelerator e.g. active galactic nucleus AGN
Source W. Hofmann/MPIK
Germany: Aachen, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Siegen, Wuppertal
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Pierre Auger Collaboration 8 Auger: some key results
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Pierre Auger Collaboration 9 Plans for the Auger upgrade
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Pierre Auger Collaboration 10 Other cosmic ray projects
AMS II on ISS
TUNKA
JEM-EUSO
Karl-Heinz Kampert 11 High Energy Gamma Rays: H.E.S.S., MAGIC H.E.S.S.: galaktic plane in TeV gamma emission
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→ many new TeV gamma source discovered Source: H.E.S.S. Collaboration, arXiv:0907.0768 H.E.S.S. II adding a new very large telescope
H.E.S.S. II: 28m diameter mirror Cherenkov telescope
coincident observation
Source: Christian Stegmann, H.E.S.S. Collaboration The world future of TeV gamma astronomy: CTA
H.E.S.S. sources → gamma astronomy CTA prototype
Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA CTA is on the Research Infrastructure Roadmap of the German ministery BMBF !
German groups in CTA: Universität Hamburg Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Humboldt University Berlin Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik TU Dortmund University Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universität Würzburg Universität Potsdam Universität Heidelberg Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Universität Tübingen
Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA
Werner Hofmann - CTA It is more like an observatory not an experiment For the first time in this field: open access ! Ultra-high energy neutrinos at the south pole e b u C e c I
- i n o c s e R
a s i l E
Elisa Resconi - IceCube
DecaCube e b u C e c I
- i n o c s e R
a s i l E
, phased approach
German groups: ANTARES: Erlangen KM3NeT: Erlangen, Tübingen, Würzburg Uli Katz – ANTARES, KM3NeT 20 Understanding the dark universe and the foundations of particle physics
21 Direct search for dark matter: cryogenic bolometers
Klaus Eitel – EDELWEISS, EURECA German Groups in EURECA: Karlsruhe (KIT), TU Munich,Tübingen, Max Planck Institute for Physics
Klaus Eitel – EDELWEISS, EURECA
Klaus Eitel – EDELWEISS, EURECA Dark matter seach: liquid noble gas detectors XENON100 @ LNGS
LNGS: 1.4km rock overburden (3700 mwe)
passive shield: H20, lead, polyethylene, copper 62 kg active dual phase Xenon target
German groups in XENON100/XENON1T: Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg University of Mainz, University of Münster E. Aprile et al., Astropart. Phys. 35 (2012) 573 XENON100: recent limits from direct WIMP searches
E. Aprile et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 181301
E. Aprile et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 021301 XENON1T at LNGS • 100 times more sensitive than XENON100 -> world leading dark matter experiment • 1 m drift TPC with 2.4 ton (1 ton fiducial) LXe • 10 m water shield as Cherenkov Muon Veto • 100 x less background than XENON100 • Approved by INFN for installation at LNGS • Fully funded October 2013 • construction is fully running in LNGS Hall B • Science Data projected to start in 2015 • Sensitivity: 2 x 10-47 cm2 after 2 years of data
Far future: DARWIN (mainly European-initialized experiment): Dark Matter experiment down to the ultimate limit (10-49 cm2 limited by solar and atmosph. neutrinos)
Direct neutrino mass determination: the KATRIN experiment
m(νe) sensitivity: 200 meV
detector t 70 m trometer Repor main spec Design TRIN 7090) KA t FZKA pre Repor tritium ientific pectro- c s 1 S tention re 0 aseous meter less g m window rce system tritium sou molecular
German groups in KATRIN: Karlsruhe KIT, Bonn, Fulda, Mainz, MPIK Heidelberg, Münster, Wuppertal KATRIN: commissioning of spectrometer & detector
Timeline: 2014/2015: finish source & transport section 2016: start tritium data taking
The KATRIN 148-pixel detector is smiling
when being hit by electrons from 11 subsequent positions of the scanning photoelectron source Conclusions
• Astroparticle physics is a very lively and growing field in Germany • Strong scientific and methodic links to particle and nuclear physics, particularly to non-accelerator particle physics • German groups are in (co-)leading roles in all major topics of astroparticle physics • More diverse field than particle physics, not located around one huge facility like CERN → some problems in funding • Community building: Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics HAP • Future projects (see also talk by S. Schönert): - cosmic rays: Auger upgrade - high energy gamma rays: CTA (major German APP project in the future) - ultra-high energy neutrinos: PINGU? (mass hierarchy), DecaCube?, KM3NeT? - dark matter: XENON1T, EURECA (with SuperCDMS?) - neutrino properties: GERDA phase II, KATRIN (both funded, starting soon) • Funding: federal ministery BMBF (Verbundforschung: 18 MEuro for 2011-2014, 2014-2017?), Helmholtz Association, Max Planck Society MPG, German Science Foundation DFG, various universities (state budget) 30