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ARPP 6-47-Final

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ARPP 6-47-Final ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي در ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ/ ﺟﻠﺪ 2 ﺷﻤﺎره 2/ ﺳﺎل 1392 اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psilidae از اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻓﺖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ از اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺻﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽﻧﯿﺎ1* و ﯾﺎﺳﺮ ﻗﺮاﺟﻪداﻏﯽ2 1اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﮑﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ 2داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﮑﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ *ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﻪ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 25/06/92 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 92/12/24 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه دوﺑﺎﻻن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psilidae ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي زﻧﮓ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻻروﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﯿﺎهﺧﻮار ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آنﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان آﻓﺎت زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن ﻓﻮن اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﯾﺮان، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي دوﺑﺎﻻن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺣﺸﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1388 - 1392 از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psilidae ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦﺑﺎر در اﯾﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ دو زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ((C. ،Chamaepsila atra (Meigen, 1826 (C. rosae (Fabricus, 1794) ،nigricornis (Meigen, 1826 و (Chyliza leptogaster (Panzer, 1798 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (C. rosae (Fabricius, 1794 (ﻣﮕﺲ ﻫﻮﯾﺞ) ﯾﮑﯽ از آﻓﺎت ﻫﻮﯾﺞ، ﮐﺮﻓﺲ و ﺟﻌﻔﺮي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي زﻧﮓ، ﻣﮕﺲ ﻫﻮﯾﺞ، اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ، اﯾﺮان. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ دوﺑـﺎﻻن ﺗﮑﺎﻣـﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ، ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﻤـﯽ روي ﻓـﻮن ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده Psilidae (ﻣﮕــﺲﻫــﺎي زﻧــﮓ ) 1 ﺑــﺎ ﺑــﯿﺶ از و زﯾﺴــﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ اﯾــﻦ دوﺑــﺎﻻن در ﺟﻬــﺎن ﺻــﻮرت 400 ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ در ﺟﻬــ ﺎن ﻣﺸــﺘﻤﻞ ﺑــﺮ ﺳــﻪ زﯾﺮﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳــ ﺖ و داﻣﻨــﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺑــﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘــﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎري (Psilinae ،Chylizinae و Belobackenbardia) ﯾﮑــــــــﯽ از ازاﻓــﺮاد اﯾــﻦ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ ، ﺑــﻪﻃــﻮريﮐــﻪ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮادهﻫــﺎي ﮐﻮﭼــﮏ دوﺑــﺎﻻن ﺗﮑﺎﻣــﻞﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ2 ﻣﺤﺴــﻮب ﻓــﻮن اﯾ ـﻦ دوﺑ ـﺎﻻن در اﻏﻠ ـﺐ ﮐﺸ ـﻮرﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬ ـﺎن ﻣــﯽﺷــﻮد (ﻓﺮﯾــﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷــﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 2008). در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﻧﺎﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﯾــﺎ ﮐﻤﺘــﺮ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ (ﻣــﮏآﻟﭙــﯿﻦ و ﻫﻤﮑــــﺎران 1981 و 1989، ﺷــــﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 1986، ﺳــــﯿﺎﻧﻮ ١Rust flies 1989، ﮔـــﻮت 1996، آﯾـــﻮازا 1998، ﺑـــﻮك و ﻣﺎرﺷـــﺎل ٢Cyclorrhapha 72 ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺎ و ﻗﺮاﺟﻪ داﻏﯽ 2006، ﭘــــﺎپ و ﻫﻤﮑــــﺎران 2006، اﺳــــﺘﺎري 2009 و ﮐﻮﭼـــﮏ ﺷـ ـﺪه، ﺻـ ـﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸـ ـﺘﯽ-ﭘﻬﻠـ ـﻮﯾﯽ5 داراي ﯾـ ـﮏ ﺑــﺎﯾﮕﺒﺠﺮگ و ﻫﻤﮑــﺎران 2011). از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﻣﻬﻤــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻮي ﺑﺰرگ و ﭼﺸﻢﻫـﺎي ﺳـﺎده ﻧﺰدﯾـﮏ ﻓـﺮق ﺳـﺮ 6ﻗـﺮار روي اﯾــﻦ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺟﻬــﺎن و ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻــﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪاﻧــﺪ (ﻣــﮏآﻟﭙــﯿﻦ 1997 و ﻓﺮﯾــﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷــﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﻟﻪآرﮐﺘﯿـﮏ 1 ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳـﺖ ﻣـﯽ ﺗـﻮان ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻮارد 2008). زﯾـــﺮ اﺷـــﺎره ﮐـــﺮد: ﭼﻨـــﺪل در ﺳـــﺎل 1975، زﯾﺴـــﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ اﯾــﻦ دوﺑــﺎﻻن را ﻣــﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﻗــﺮار داد. ﮔﻮت (1996) ﮐﻠﯿـﺪي ﺑـﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﮕـﺲ ﻫـﺎي زﻧـﮓ ﺷــﻤﺎل ﻏــﺮب اروﭘــﺎ اراﯾــﻪ داد. آﯾــﻮازا (1998) ﮐﻠﯿــﺪي ﺑــﺮاي ﺟــﻨﺲ ﻫــﺎي اﯾــﻦ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﻬﯿــﻪ ﮐــﺮد. ﺑــﻮك و ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل در ﺳـﺎل 2002 ﻓـﻮن ﻣﮕـﺲ ﻫـﺎي زﻧـﮓ ﻫﻠﻨـﺪ را Loxocera ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ ﮐﺮد ﻧــﺪ و در ﺳــﺎل 2006 ﺟــﻨﺲﻫــﺎي Meigen, 1803 و Psila Meigen, 1803 از اﯾـــــﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ 1- ﺑﺎل ﭼﭗ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Chyliza leptogaster (Panzer (اﺻﻠﯽ). ﺧـــــﺎﻧﻮ اده را در آﻣﺮﯾﮑـــــﺎي ﺷـــــﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘـــــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺨـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ ﺗﺨـﻢ رﯾـﺰ ﺣﺸـﺮه ﻣـﺎده و ﻫﻮﻟﻮآرﮐﺘﯿــــﮏ2 ﻣــــﻮرد ﺑــــﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻗــــﺮار دادﻧــــﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ آن ﺑــﺎ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ دوﺑــﺎﻻن ﮔﯿــﺎهﺧــﻮار و ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﯾـــﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷـ ـﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ (2008) ﭼﻨـــﺪ ﮔﻮﻧـ ـﻪ ﺟﺪﯾـ ـﺪ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑـﺎن ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﮕـﺲ ﻫـﺎي ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ اﺷﻐﺎﻟﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن دﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. زﻧــﮓ، ﮔﯿــﺎهﺧــﻮار ﺑــﻮدن اﯾــﻦ دوﺑــﺎﻻن ﻣﺤــﺮز ﺑــﻮده و ﻣﮕــــﺲﻫــــﺎي زﻧــــﮓ ﻣﺘﻌﻠــــﻖ ﺑــــﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺧــــﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗــﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﮔﺰارﺷــﯽ در ﻣــﻮرد ﺷــﮑﺎرﮔﺮﺑﻮدن ﻻروﻫــﺎ و Diopsoidea ﺑــﻮده و ﺑــﺎ داراﺑ ـﻮدن وﯾﮋﮔ ـﯽﻫــﺎي رﯾﺨ ـﺖ- ﺣﺸ ـﺮات ﮐﺎﻣ ـﻞ اﯾ ـﻦ دوﺑ ـﺎﻻن ﻣﺸ ـﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸ ـﺪهاﺳ ـﺖ. ﺑــﻪ- ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ زﯾــﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮر ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ از ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ اﻓــﺮاد اﯾــﻦ ﻃــﻮريﮐــﻪ اﻏﻠــﺐ ﻻروﻫــﺎي اﯾــﻦ دوﺑــﺎﻻن ﮐــﻪ از ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺘﻤــﺎﯾﺰ ﻣــﯽ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ: اﻧــﺪازه ﺑــﺪن ﻋﻤﻮﻣــﺎ زﯾﺴــﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﯽ ﻣــﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ اﻧــﺪ، درون ﮐﻮﭼ ـﮏ ﺗــﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ـﻂ (3 ﺗــﺎ 8 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘ ـﺮ)، ﻣﺨﺮوﻃ ـﯽﺷــﮑﻞ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﯾـﺎ اﻧـﺪام ﻫـﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ رﯾﺸـﻪ - رﻧﮓ روﺷﻦ ﺗـﺎ ﺗﯿـﺮه و درﺧﺸـﺎن ، ﺑـﺪن ﺻـﯿﻘﻠﯽ و ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ ﻫــﺎي ذﺧﯿــﺮه اي و ﭘﯿــﺎزﻫــﺎ زﻧــﺪﮔﯽ و از آنﻫــﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﯾــﻪ ﻣــﻮﻫــﺎي رﺷــﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘــﻪ، ﺑــﺎل در ﻧﺎﺣﯿــﻪ رگﺑــﺎل ﺑــﺎزوﯾﯽ ﻣــﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ـﺪ ﻻرو ﮔﻮﻧ ـﻪ ,Psila fimetaria (Linnaeus داراي ﺷﮑﺴـــﺘﮕﯽ (ﺷـــﮑﻞ 1) (ﻣـــﮏآﻟﭙـــﯿﻦ و ﻫﻤﮑـــﺎران (1761 ﮐـــﻪ درون ﺳـــﺎﻗﻪ و ﻻرو ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ Chamaepsila 1981 ﺗــﺎ 1989، آﯾــﻮازا 1998، ﻓﺮﯾــﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷــﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ (rosae (Fabricius, 1794 ﮐـــﻪ درون رﯾﺸـــﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـــﯽ 2008). دوﻣــﯿﻦ ﺑﻨــﺪ ﺷــﺎﺧﮏ در ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﯽ-ﺑــﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـــﺎن زﻧـــﺪﮔﯽ و از آن ﺗﻐﺬﯾـــﻪ ﻣـــﯽ ﮐﻨﻨـــﺪ (واﻟـــﯽ و ﺧـــﻮد داراي ﺷـــﮑﺎف ﺑﺎرﯾـــﮏ ، درز ﭘﺘﯿﻠﯿﻨـــﺎل3 ﺧـــﻮب ﻫﻤﮑــﺎران 1969، ﭼﻨــﺪﻟﺮ 1975، ﺷــﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 1986، دﮔــﻦ رﺷ ـﺪ ﮐــﺮده، رگﺑــﺎل ﮐﻨ ـﺎري ﺑــﺎل در ﻣﺤــﻞ ﻧﺰدﯾ ـﮏ ﺑــﻪ و ﻫﻤﮑــــ ـﺎران 1999، اﺳــــــﺘﺮﺑﺮوك 2006، ﺑــــــﻮك و ﺟـــﻮشﺧـــﻮردﮔﯽ آن ﺑـــﺎ رگﺑـــﺎل زﯾﺮﮐﻨـــﺎري داراي Chamaepsila rosae ﻣﺎرﺷــــ ـﺎل 2006). ﮔﻮﻧــــ ـﻪ CuA1+2 ﺑﺮﯾــﺪﮔﯽ ﮐــﺎﻣﻼ آﺷــﮑﺎر، ر ﮔﺒــﺎل ﻧﺮﺳــﯿﺪه ﺑــﻪ (Fabricius) 7 ﯾـــﺎ ﻣﮕـــﺲ ﻫـــﻮﯾﺞ ﯾﮑـــﯽ از آﻓـــﺎت ﻣﻬـــﻢ 4 ﺣﺎﺷــﯿﻪ ﭘــﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺑــﺎل ﻣﺤــﻮ ﺷــﺪه، ﭘــﯿﺶﮔــﺮده ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﻻت ﮐﺸــﺎورزي ﻣﺤﺴــﻮب ﻣــﯽ ﺷــﻮد ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ١Palaearctic ٢Holearctic ۵Notopleuron ٣Ptilinal ۶Vertex ٧Carrot fly ۴Pronotum اوﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psilidae از اﯾﺮان... 73 ﺗﻐﺬﯾـــﻪ از رﯾﺸـــﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـــﯽ ﻣﺤﺼـــﻮﻻت ﻣﺎﻧﻨـــﺪ ﻫـــﻮﯾﺞ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺟﻌﻔـ ـﺮي و ﮐـــﺮﻓﺲ ﺑﺎﻋـــﺚ اﯾﺠـ ـﺎد ﺧﺴـ ـﺎرت ﻣﺴـــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ دو زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده (ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮل و ﮔــﺎﻫﯽ از ﺑــﯿﻦ رﻓــﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮل) و از اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﯾﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ (اﯾﺠـﺎد زﺧـﻢ و ﺷـﯿﻮ ع ﺑﯿﻤـﺎري ﻫـ ﺎي ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان آﻓـﺖ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﻣﺎﻧﻨــــﺪ ﻗــــﺎرﭼﯽ و ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾــــﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨــــﯿﻦ ﮐــــﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎزارﭘﺴــﻨﺪي ﻣﺤﺼــﻮل) ﻣــﯽﮔــﺮدد (ﮔــﻮرﯾﻦ و اﺳــﺘﺎدﻟﺮ ﺷــﺪه ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ((C. ،Chamaepsila atra (Meigen, 1826 1984، ﺟــﻮد و ﻫﻤﮑــﺎران 1985، ﮐــﻮﻟﯿﺮ و ﻓﯿــﻨﭻ C. rosae (Fabricus, 1794) ،nigricornis(Meigen, 1826) ،1990 و راﻣـــﺮت 1993، دﮔـــﯿﻦ و ﻫﻤﮑـــﺎران 1999، اﺳـــﺘﺮﺑﺮوك (Chyliza leptogaster (Panzer, 1798 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. .(2006 ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي زﻧﮓ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠـﺎن - ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ اﺣﺘﻤـﺎل ﺣﻀـﻮر اﯾـﻦ آﻓـﺖ در اﯾـﺮان، ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻣﺮﺑــﻮط ﺑــﻪ دوﺑــﺎﻻن ﻣﻮﺟــ ﻮد در ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋــﻪ 1. ﺳﻠﻮل ﻗﺎﻋﺪهاي ﮐﻮﺑﯿﺘﺎل ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ از ﺳﻠﻮل dm (ﺷﮑﻞ 1) ﺣﺸ ـﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻃــﯽ ﺳــﺎلﻫــﺎي 1388 ﺗــﺎ 1392 از ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ Chyliza leptogaster (Panzer) ............................................ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ اﺳــﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠــﺎنﺷــﺮﻗﯽ ﺟﻤــﻊ آوري ﺷــﺪه - ﺳـــــﻠﻮل ﻗﺎﻋـــــﺪهاي ﮐﻮﺑﯿﺘـــــﺎل ﮐـــــﻢ و ﺑـــــﯿﺶ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢاﻧﺪازه ﺳﻠﻮل dm............................................................. 2 2. ران ﭘﺎﻫــــــــﺎ ﮐــــــــﺎﻣﻼ ﺳــــــــﯿﺎه (ﺷــــــــﮑﻞ 3 ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ اﻟﻒ).........................................(Chamaepsila atra (Meigen ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي زﻧﮓ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه در اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ، ﻃـﯽ - ران ﭘﺎﻫﺎ زرد.....................................................................3 ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1388 ﺗﺎ 1392 از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻏﯽ، زراﻋـﯽ، 3. ﺑﻨـــــــــﺪ اول ﺗـــــــــﺎژك ﮐـــــــــﺎﻣﻼ ﺳـــــــــﯿﺎه، ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ و ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎنﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷـﺪه ﭼﺸــﻢﻫــﺎي ﻣﺮﮐــﺐ ﮐﻮﭼــﮏ و ﮔــﺮد (ﺷــﮑﻞ 3 ب)، ﻃــﻮل ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ داﺧﻞ ﻇـﺮوف ﺷﯿﺸـﻪ اي ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ ﻣﺤﺘـ ﻮي ادآﮔـــﻮس 6 ﺑﺮاﺑـــﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘـــﺮ از ﻋـــﺮض آن (ﺷـــﮑﻞ 2 اﻟﮑﻞ اﺗﯿﻠﯿـﮏ 75 درﺻـﺪ ﻧﮕ ﻬـﺪاري ﺷـﺪه و ﻫﺮﮐـﺪام داراي اﻟﻒ)...........................(Chamaepsila. nigricornis (Meigen ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤـﻞ، ﺗـﺎرﯾﺦ و روش ﺟﻤـﻊ - - ﺑﻨﺪ اول ﺗﺎژك اﻏﻠـﺐ زرد، ﭼﺸـﻢ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺮﮐـﺐ ﺑـﺰرگ و آوري وﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه (ﺷﮑﻞ 3 ج) ﻃﻮل ادآﮔﻮس 4 ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑﺰرﮔﺘـﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ از ﻋـــــــــــــــــــــﺮض آن (ﺷـــــــــــــــــــــﮑﻞ 2 ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 1986، واﻧﮓ 1988، ﺑﺎﯾﮕﺒﺠﺮگ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران اﻟﻒ)....................................(Chamaepsila. rosae (Fabricus 2011 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﭗ ﻧﻮري و ﺑﯿﻨﻮﮐﻮﻻر ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و داﺧﻠﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺪازه، رﻧﮓ، ﮐﺘﻮﺗﺎﮐﺴﯽ، ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺪام - ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻧﺪام ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻧﺮ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2) ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ- ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻮزه ﺣﺸﺮهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺷﮑﻞ 2- اﻧﺪام ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻧﺮ: اﻟﻒ- Chamaepsila Chamaepsila rosae (Fabricus) nigricornis (Meigen) ب- (اﺻﻠﯽ). 74 ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺎ و ﻗﺮاﺟﻪ داﻏﯽ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﻮرد ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ در ﺟﻬﺎن: اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﭘﺎﻟـﻪ - ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ آرﮐﺘﯿﮏ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ (اﺳﺘﺎري، 2009). ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ : ﯾـﮏ ﻣـﺎده از ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺷﺒﺴـﺘﺮ زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Chylizinae (°38 و 'N 14 و °45 و '38E 48) ﺑــﺎ ارﺗﻔــﺎ ع 1560 ﻣﺘــﺮ اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده داراي ﯾﮏ ﺟﻨﺲ (Chyliza Fallen, 1820) و (16/3/90) ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. 116 ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﻣــﯽ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ و ﺑــﺎ دارا ﺑــﻮدن وﯾﮋﮔــﯽ ﻫــﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ زﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ : ﺳـﺮ ﮔـﺮد، زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Psilinae آﻧﺎﺗﺮژﯾﺖ1 ﺑـﺰرگ، ﺳﻮرﺳـﺘﯿﻠﯽ رﺷـﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ و ﭘـﺎراﻣﺮ ﻫـﺎ اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺧﺎﻧﻮاده داراي ﺷﺶ ﺟﻨﺲ و 210 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و رﻓﺘﻪ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2) (ﻓﺮﯾﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 2008). ﺑﺎ داراﺑـﻮدن وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻫـﺎي رﯾﺨـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺳـﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ Chyliza Fallen, 1820 ﻣﺜﻠﺜﯽﺷﮑﻞ، ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﻮرﺳﺘﯿﻠﯽ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺮﻫﺎ رﺷـﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ داراي 116 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ (ﻓﺮﯾﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 2008). ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﻓﺮوﺗﺮوﭘﯿﮑﺎل2 و ارﯾﻨﺘﺎل3 ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮﻧﺪ (ﻓﺮﯾـﺪﺑﺮگ و ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 2008). Chamaepsila Hendel, 1917 ﺟﻨﺲ - ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Chyliza leptogaster (Panzer, 1798 (ﺷﮑﻞ 1 د) اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﯿﺶ از 50 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎزي اﺳﺖ (ﺑـ ﻪ - 5 رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺪن ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘـﺮ، ﺑﻨـﺪ دوم ﺷـﺎﺧﮏ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺌﻮﺗﺮوﭘﯿﮑﺎل ). ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ را ﺑـﻪ Psila Meigen 4 ﻗﻬﻮهاي، آرﯾﺴﺘﺎ (زاﯾﺪه ﻣﻮﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺪ اول ﺗﺎژك) ﺳﯿﺎه رﻧﮓ ﻋﻨﻮان زﯾﺮﺟﻨﺴﯽ از ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐـﺮده اﻧـﺪ وﻟـﯽ 6 و داراي ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﮐﻢﭘﺸﺖ ﺳـﻔﯿﺪ ، ﭘﯿﺸـﺎﻧﯽ و ﺻـﻮرت زرد، اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﯽ ﺗـﺮ آن را در ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺖ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐـﺐ ﺳـﯿﺎه، ﭼﺸـﻢ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺮﮐـﺐ ﻣﺴ ـﺘﻘﻞ ﻃﺒﻘ ـﻪﺑﻨ ـﺪي ﮐــﺮدهاﻧ ـﺪ (واﻧ ـﮓ 1988، ﻓﺮﯾ ـﺪﺑﺮگ و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﮔﺮد و ﮐﻮﭼﮏ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت رﺷـﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﻗﻔﺴـﻪ ﺷﺎﺗﺎﻟﮑﯿﻦ 2008). ﺳﯿﻨﻪ و ﺷﮑﻢ ﺳﯿﺎه، ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ زرد و ﺑﺎل دودي رﻧﮓ (اﯾﻦ Chamaepsila atra (Meigen, 1826) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ داراﺑﻮدن ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺮ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (ﺷﮑﻞ 3 اﻟﻒ) ﺑﺎل دوديرﻧﮓ و ﻗﻬﻮهاي ﺑﻮدن ﺑﻨﺪ دوم ﺷﺎﺧﮏ، از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺪن ﺳـﻪ وﻧـﯿﻢ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻤﺘـﺮ. ﺑـﺪن ﮐـﺎﻣﻼ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻟﻪآرﮐﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد ) (ﺷـﮑﻞ 3 د) ﺳﯿﺎه (ﺑﻪﺟﺰ ﺳﺎق ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ زرد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ) (ﺷﮑﻞ 3 اﻟﻒ). اﯾـﻦ C. (ﺑﺎﯾﮕﺒﺠﺮگ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 2011). ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺎ داراﺑــﻮدن ران و ﺳــﺎق ﺳــﯿﺎه از دو ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ C. rosae (Fabricus) nigricornis (Meigen) ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن: ﻻرو اﯾﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه در ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ و ﮐــﻪ داراي Orchids Rosaceae Spiraea spp.
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