DOCSLIB.ORG

The Guide to Cycling Ergonomics the Guidetocyclingergonomics Bicycle Steering Systems the Specialists in a Pain-Free Ride

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Guide to Cycling Ergonomics the Guidetocyclingergonomics Bicycle Steering Systems the Specialists in a Pain-Free Ride The Guide to Cycling Ergonomics A pain-free ride. Your online guide to cycling ergonomics. CyclingRight.com D-5 The specialists in bicycle steering systems A pain-free ride. Your online guide to cycling ergonomics. CyclingRight.com Cycling right is all a matter of adjustment. Muscle work and load distribution: On a bicycle the whole body is in action – and not just when doing sport, but every time you ride. A great many muscles are involved, and each muscle has its counter- part. Because all of the forces need to be balanced out before you can begin to experience true „riding comfort“. The back muscles The shoulder muscles stabilize and straighten the play an important On the following pages you will spinal column and position supporting role. They fi nd information and useful tips the pelvis. They cushion reduce the load on the that will help you to adjust your impacts transmitted from back and the pressure bike correctly – the easiest way the ground and keep the on the hands, while to do this is of course together torso and head in the also cushioning terrain with your ergotec bicycle dealer. desired position. impacts. Taking the time to adjust your bike correctly is defi nitely worth- while. Sometimes it can take The hands are especially several steps to get it right. „load-sensitive“ and can Because many positive effects only bear about 20 per- will only become noticeable cent of the load acting during a longer ride or after you on the body. have become used to the new feel of the bike. With a little patience you‘ll get where you want to be: cycling easily and healthily on a bike that is a joy to ride! The buttocks bear up to 50 percent of the load. Dr. Achim Schmidt The feet typically carry Cycling sports expert at the German Sports University Cologne 100 percent of the body‘s weight and can The stomach muscles PS: Ergonomically shaped even withstand up to are the counterpart to handlebar grips and specially 1000 percent during the back muscles. They padded saddles provide added jumps. comfort. But this is only one stabilize the pelvis and side of the story – positioning the back: Back pains are and posture on the bicycle are often the result of weak just as important. stomach muscles! 2 Basic posture: dynamic! Seat of comfort: the pelvis. The golden rule: „Think dynamic“ when cycling! Make sure you The starting point for a consistently comfortable posture is actively use as many muscles as possible. And remember to the right „dynamic“ positioning of the pelvis. According to the alternately relieve the pressure on your hands, buttocks and experts, if the pelvis is wrongly angled, this can cause pain at a feet – your three contact points with the bike. completely different point in the body (e.g. shoulder, back, etc.) Right Wrong When the pelvis is correctly angled, the spine takes on When the pelvis is wrongly angled it tilts slightly back- an „S“ shape, thus producing a back with a slight natural ward into an „upright“ position. As a result, the back hollow. becomes rounded and the spine less „resilient“... Problem: hands Problem: buttocks Problem: knees and feet … hurt because: the arms are straigh- … hurt because: the saddle is posi- … hurt because: „the saddle is too tened, the torso and arms are at an tioned too high above the handlebar low“ the foot is wrongly positioned on unfavorable angle (excessive stress on level, the distance between the the pedal the shoes are unsuitable or the arms), the handlebar and grips are saddle and the crank is not right, too tightly laced the selected gears not optimally shaped. the saddle is at the wrong angle, are too „heavy“ for the terrain. the saddle is unsuitable, the pelvis Remedy: Change your posture by is „upright“ (see above). Remedy: Adjust the saddle height, choosing the right handlebar orientation, adjust the pedals and shoes, position handlebar shape and type of grip … Remedy: Change your posture by the feet correctly. adjusting the right saddle-to-handlebar positioning, fi nding an appropriate sad- dle and adjusting it correctly. All ergotec tips on line at: humpert.com 3 A pain-free ride. Your online guide to cycling ergonomics. CyclingRight.com Riding style? Getting your own style right. Classic (Dutch) bike position City bike position Very upright posture, almost vertical with back at Slightly inclined torso, approx. 60 to 70° angle to the 90° angle to the ground. The handlebar and grips ground. High handlebar. are very close to the torso. Advantages Advantages The upright posture gives the rider a good view of the Intuitively, the spine is held in its natural S-shape. traffi c. The stress on the arms and hands is very low. Power can be fi rmly applied to the pedal. Disadvantages Disadvantages The arms are often held straight to grip the high The power transfer to the pedals is relatively low. handlebars. – which leads to cramped shoulders and All the weight rests on the buttocks. pain in the hands. After a short while many people tend to take on a The high seat can easily tempt one to slump in the slumped posture. saddle. By the way: the frame height of a bicycle can often be misleading, as manufacturers have different methods of determining this. When buying a bike, the frame height should be considered as a rough guide as to whether the bike is more or less the right size for you. You will usually need an appropriate seatpost, handlebar and handlebar stem. 4 The fi rst thing to do is to decide which riding style you prefer. Do you usually ride short distances at a moderate speed? Or do you prefer to go out on longer runs and want to cover ground fast? In either case your riding style will differ – and so will the bike you need. We have picked out four bicycle categories and the matching riding styles to give you an idea of the range of possibilities. Trekking bike position Sporty position Distinctly inclined torso, approx. 30 to 60° angle to the Sporty, fast-paced cycling. Signifi cantly inclined ground. Large distance between the handlebar and the torso, approx. 15 to 30° angle to the ground. The saddle. saddle is higher than the handlebar. Advantages Advantages The shoulders, back of the neck and hands take a greater Optimal power transmission. share in supporting the load, resulting in a more versatile, Aerodynamic: low air resistance. active riding style. This relieves pressure on the back, spine and buttocks, Disadvantages which is especially important when riding long distances. Demands highly trained muscles in the back, legs, The whole body is involved in transmitting power to the shoulders and stomach! pedals. This position is not suitable for cycling in everyday Disadvantages traffi c - the body is continuously tensed to perfor- The hands, back of the neck and shoulders are more highly mance level. stressed. The muscles need training to withstand this load comfortably. By the way: in a representative study conducted by the German Sport University Cologne on behalf of Humpert/ergotec, 57% of the interviewed cyclists said that they had not previously done anything to reduce discomfort experienced when cycling. We say that nobody has to put up with discomfort – and if you continue reading, you’ll be on the right track to getting your bike properly equipped and adjusted. All ergotec tips on line at: humpert.com 5 A pain-free ride. Your online guide to cycling ergonomics. CyclingRight.com First things fi rst: getting the saddle right. It’s easier to get Preparation the adjustment right when you Align the saddle so that it is lean against a wall. horizontal! Push the saddle Or better still, ask a on the bracket so that it is helper to hold the bike positioned centrally above the steady as you sit on it. seatpost. To do this, you will usually need an Allen key (5 or 6 mm). A spirit level can be useful to get the alignment right. Horizontal Pedaling correctly 1 The right saddle height Climb onto your bike and stretch out one leg. Place your foot with the heel on the pedal at the lowest point of its arc. Your knee should now be straight. If you are sitting square on the saddle when in this position, the saddle is at the Right right height. When riding and pedaling, the ball of Of course, nobody rides with straight legs. When you place your foot on the pedal the foot should be on the pedal, to be precise: right over the pedal spindle. in the correct riding position (ball of the foot with base joints of the toes above the pedal spindle), if the saddle height is right, your knee should still be slightly bent when the pedal reaches its lowest point. A short test ride will soon show whether the saddle is too high. If your pelvis tilts to the right and left when pedaling, the saddle is too high. If it is too low, you will probably only notice this after many miles of riding when your knees start to hurt. By the way: saddle frames with a graduated scale are useful as they make it easy to adjust the saddle height quickly after transporting it in a car, for example. Wrong 6 No matter what riding style you prefer, the starting point for adjusting your bike for your own personal comfort is getting the saddle into the right position! This is not just a matter of the correct height.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cargo Bikes As a Growth Area for Bicycle Vs. Auto Trips: Exploring the Potential for Mode Substitution Behavior
    Transportation Research Part F 43 (2016) 48–55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part F journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/trf Cargo bikes as a growth area for bicycle vs. auto trips: Exploring the potential for mode substitution behavior William Riggs Department of City and Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Environmental Design, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, United States article info abstract Article history: Cargo bikes are increasing in availability in the United States. While a large body of Received 26 February 2015 research continues to investigate traditional bike transportation, cargo bikes offer the Received in revised form 15 August 2016 potential to capture trips for those that might otherwise be made by car. Data from a sur- Accepted 18 September 2016 vey of cargo bike users queried use and travel dynamics with the hypothesis that cargo and Available online 6 October 2016 e-cargo bike ownership has the potential to contribute to mode substitution behavior. From a descriptive standpoint, 68.9% of those surveyed changed their travel behavior after Keywords: purchasing a cargo bike and the number of auto trips appeared to decline by 1–2 trips per Cargo bikes day, half of the auto travel prior to ownership. Two key reasons cited for this change Bicycles Linked trips include the ability to get around with children and more gear. Regression models that Mode choice underscore this trend toward increased active transport confirm this. Based on these results, further research could include focus on overcoming weather-related/elemental barriers, which continue to be an obstacle to every day cycling, and further investigation into families modeling healthy behaviors to children with cargo bikes.
    [Show full text]
  • In Creating the Ever-Growing Adventure Cycling Route Network
    Route Network Jasper Edmonton BRITISH COLUMBIA Jasper NP ALBERTA Banff NP Banff GREAT PARKS NORTH Calgary Vancouver 741 mi Blaine SASKATCHEWAN North Cascades NP MANITOBA WASHINGTON PARKS Anacortes Sedro Woolley 866 mi Fernie Waterton Lakes Olympic NP NP Roosville Seattle Twisp Winnipeg Mt Rainier NEW Elma Sandpoint Cut Bank NP Whitefish BRUNSWICK Astoria Spokane QUEBEC WASHINGTON Glacier Great ONTARIO NP Voyageurs Saint John Seaside Falls Wolf Point NP Thunder Bay Portland Yakima Minot Fort Peck Isle Royale Missoula Williston NOVA SCOTIA Otis Circle NORTHERN TIER NP GREEN MAINE Salem Hood Clarkston Helena NORTH DAKOTA 4,293 mi MOUNTAINS Montreal Bar Harbor River MONTANA Glendive Dickinson 380 mi Kooskia Butte Walker Yarmouth Florence Bismarck Fargo Sault Ste Marie Sisters Polaris Three Forks Theodore NORTH LAKES Acadia NP McCall Roosevelt Eugene Duluth 1,160 mi Burlington NH Bend NP Conover VT Brunswick Salmon Bozeman Mackinaw DETROIT OREGON Billings ADIRONDACK PARK North Dalbo Escanaba City ALTERNATE 395 mi Portland Stanley West Yellowstone 505 mi Haverhill Devils Tower Owen Sound Crater Lake SOUTH DAKOTA Osceola LAKE ERIE Ticonderoga Portsmouth Ashland Ketchum NM Crescent City NP Minneapolis CONNECTOR Murphy Boise Yellowstone Rapid Stillwater Traverse City Toronto Grand Teton 507 mi Orchards Boston IDAHO HOT SPRINGS NP City Pierre NEW MA Redwood NP NP Gillette Midland WISCONSIN Albany RI Mt Shasta 518 mi WYOMING Wolf Marine Ithaca YORK Arcata Jackson MINNESOTA Manitowoc Ludington City Ft. Erie Buffalo IDAHO Craters Lake Windsor Locks
    [Show full text]
  • Pressreader Magazine Titles
    PRESSREADER: UK MAGAZINE TITLES www.edinburgh.gov.uk/pressreader Computers & Technology Sport & Fitness Arts & Crafts Motoring Android Advisor 220 Triathlon Magazine Amateur Photographer Autocar 110% Gaming Athletics Weekly Cardmaking & Papercraft Auto Express 3D World Bike Cross Stitch Crazy Autosport Computer Active Bikes etc Cross Stitch Gold BBC Top Gear Magazine Computer Arts Bow International Cross Stitcher Car Computer Music Boxing News Digital Camera World Car Mechanics Computer Shopper Carve Digital SLR Photography Classic & Sports Car Custom PC Classic Dirt Bike Digital Photographer Classic Bike Edge Classic Trial Love Knitting for Baby Classic Car weekly iCreate Cycling Plus Love Patchwork & Quilting Classic Cars Imagine FX Cycling Weekly Mollie Makes Classic Ford iPad & Phone User Cyclist N-Photo Classics Monthly Linux Format Four Four Two Papercraft Inspirations Classic Trial Mac Format Golf Monthly Photo Plus Classic Motorcycle Mechanics Mac Life Golf World Practical Photography Classic Racer Macworld Health & Fitness Simply Crochet Evo Maximum PC Horse & Hound Simply Knitting F1 Racing Net Magazine Late Tackle Football Magazine Simply Sewing Fast Bikes PC Advisor Match of the Day The Knitter Fast Car PC Gamer Men’s Health The Simple Things Fast Ford PC Pro Motorcycle Sport & Leisure Today’s Quilter Japanese Performance PlayStation Official Magazine Motor Sport News Wallpaper Land Rover Monthly Retro Gamer Mountain Biking UK World of Cross Stitching MCN Stuff ProCycling Mini Magazine T3 Rugby World More Bikes Tech Advisor
    [Show full text]
  • Cap Height Body X-Height Crossbar Terminal Counter Bowl Stroke Loop
    Cap Height Body X-height -height is the distance between the -Cap height refers to the height of a -In typography, the body height baseline of a line of type and tops capital letter above the baseline for refers to the distance between the of the main body of lower case a particular typeface top of the tallest letterform to the letters (i.e. excluding ascenders or bottom of the lowest one. descenders). Crossbar Terminal Counter -In typography, the terminal is a In typography, the enclosed or par- The (usually) horizontal stroke type of curve. Many sources con- tially enclosed circular or curved across the middle of uppercase A sider a terminal to be just the end negative space (white space) of and H. It CONNECTS the ends and (straight or curved) of any stroke some letters such as d, o, and s is not cross over them. that doesn’t include a serif the counter. Bowl Stroke Loop -In typography, it is the curved part -Stroke of a letter are the lines that of a letter that encloses the circular make up the character. Strokes may A curving or doubling of a line so or curved parts (counter) of some be straight, as k,l,v,w,x,z or curved. as to form a closed or partly open letters such as d, b, o, D, and B is Other letter parts such as bars, curve within itself through which the bowl. arms, stems, and bowls are collec- another line can be passed or into tively referred to as the strokes that which a hook may be hooked make up a letterform Ascender Baseline Descnder In typography, the upward vertical Lowercases that extends or stem on some lowercase letters, such In typography, the baseline descends below the baselines as h and b, that extends above the is the imaginary line upon is the descender x-height is the ascender.
    [Show full text]
  • Willy WATTS 14
    VOLUME 4 BO. 3 <,JARTERLY JULY 1977 { Official Organ UNICYCLING SOCIETY OF AMERICA. Inc. c 1977 ~11 Rts Rea. Yearly Membership S5 Incl~des NeVl!lletter (4) ID Card - See Blank Pg.18 OFFICERS FELI.OW UNICYCLISTS: Due to o·trcwastances beyond our control (namely a big pile of dirt and construction lfOrk) the Southland Mall in Marion Pres. Paul Fox will not be available for our National Meet races on A.ug. 20. lttempts v.Pres. R.Tschudin to secure an alternate suita'Qle location nearby have failed. We are Sec. T. ni.ck Haines therefore planning to anit the Saturday morning races and utilize that FOUNDER M:El-!BE&S part of the day this year ror a general convention type get-together where clubs and inru.viduais can meet each other, swap ideas, and display Bernard Crandall their talents and cycles. · We still plan to hold the preliminary elimi­ Paul & Nancy Fox nations for the group an9- trick riding later in the day at the Catholic Peter Hangach High School parking lot·. We also have the use of the Coliseum again for Patricia Herron the Sunday afternoon final~. A pan.de is still in question and if we do Bill Jenack hold one it will be JllUCh s.horter than last year. It, is hoped that every Gordon Kruse member will make a ~ec~al-effort to attend the annual business meeting Steve McPeak Sunday rooming at th(' Hpltday Inn. We have a number of V9ry important Fr. Jas. J. Moran items on the agenda (see pag~ 14 for further infomation).
    [Show full text]
  • Cycling: Supporting Economic Growth in Canada
    Cycling: Supporting Economic Growth in Canada Prepared by Vélo Canada Bikes for the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance pre-budget consultations Submitted August 3rd, 2018 1 Investing in cycling and active transportation: Supporting economic growth in Canada Recommendations for the Government of Canada In collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, the Assembly of First Nations and additional stakeholders, implement the following recommendations: Recommendation #1: Develop a funding stream designed to rapidly increase the development and improvement of active transportation infrastructure and related traffic calming in all Canadian municipalities and in rural areas. Recommendation #2: Establish a national-level forum to consult, share, and develop a plan for moving more people and goods by bicycle in a wide variety of Canadian settings including urban, rural and remote communities. Recommendation #3: Direct Statistics Canada to collect data that will ensure the adequate and appropriate monitoring and reporting of the prevalence, potential and safety of cycling in Canadian municipalities. Use this data to set achievable evidence-based five- and ten-year transportation mode share targets for cycling. 2 Investment in bicycling represents a vastly underexploited opportunity for economic growth in Canada. If more Canadians were able to safely use a bicycle for daily transportation, there would be significant economic benefits including: a boost to economic productivity from a healthier and more productive workforce; improved mobility and personal savings for Canadians; disadvantaged groups could more easily gain skills and access employment opportunities and there would be an increase in business and tourism revenues. Increased cycling would also help to counter the negative economic costs that motorized vehicles impose on society in the form of congestion; road casualties; physical inactivity and poor health; pollution; and the political and environmental costs of maintaining fossil fuel supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Effectiveness of Suspension Stems in Reducing the Vibration Transmitted to a Cyclist’S Hands in Road Cycling †
    Proceedings On the Effectiveness of Suspension Stems in Reducing the Vibration Transmitted to a Cyclist’s Hands in Road Cycling † Jean-Marc Drouet 1,*, Derek Covill 2 and Antoine Labrie 1 1 VÉLUS Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; [email protected] 2 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics—University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 61345) † Presented at the 13th conference of the International Sports Engineering Association, Online, 22–26 June 2020. Published: 15 June 2020 Abstract: The practice of road cycling is often associated with low levels of comfort for the cyclist and can be a physically painful experience on bad roads. Apart from cushioning in the saddle, applying handlebar tape, or reducing tyre pressure, a road bicycle offers in itself few options for comfort improvement, as it is primarily designed for performance, with emphasis on low mass and high stiffness. However, a range of components exist (e.g., suspension stems and seatposts) that can be fitted to a road bicycle, which can potentially improve comfort. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of suspension stems in reducing the vibration transmitted to a cyclist’s hands in the case of impact loading. The results showed an important reduction in the vibrational energy transmitted to a cyclist’s hands with two commercially available suspension stems compared to a regular stem.
    [Show full text]
  • CEO Message-July 2019
    CEO Message-July 2019 Scholarships -Community Fairs-Building Bikes -Serving Hundreds in our Summer Program You may not be aware of all that goes on in our BGCCC facilities as the school year concludes and summer ramps up with more and more activities to keep our youth involved, engaged, entertained and anxious to be at our sites each day. This is the time we serve over 1,000 young people at our clubs in Frisco, McKinney and Plano. The school year ended with exciting news as we had twelve seniors receive Toyota Scholarships at a great event at the Toyota North America Headquarters in Plano. Toyota Financial Services executives spoke, other employees shared their roles and opportunities at Toyota and scholarship recipients got to share questions on their future, college and any concerns they may have. We were honored to have seniors from all three BGCCC locations receive scholarships. Our programs such as Project Learn, DIY STEAM and Career Launch helped the recipients below receive scholarships to a wide variety of colleges and community colleges. Congratulations to: Sara Bowles-Plano, Dajah Dickerson-Frisco, Kayla Henderson- Frisco, Jamichael Hooks-Plano, Da’Vante Miller-Frisco, Michella Miller-Plano, Dylan Reed-McKinney, Shandrieka Ross-McKinney, Devion Rucker-Frisco, Heriberto Saavedra Tinoco-Frisco, Maria Sanchez-Plano, Naj-Ja Sherman- McKinney. We have lots of outstanding corporate supporters and in June, we thank Legacy Texas Bank for hosting a Community Fest program at our McKinney branch. Hundreds of attendees enjoyed games, food, financial education programs, face painting and fun for the whole family. JP Morgan Chase employees had a fun team-building and volunteer project to build 27 bikes for our youth in the Plano branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Unicycle Bike Freebies and Rides for Students!
    FREE UniCycle event s Bike freebies and rides for Students! FREE at your Durham Recyke Y’Bike store Shop open Wed to Sat 10.00 –17.00 www.recyke.bike l Bike lock and lights when you buy a bike*^. l Goodie bag for first 100 customers who buy a bike*. l Security marking and advice – Fri 27 Oct and Fri 1 Dec 12.00 –13.00 with Durham Constabulary. l Bike safety check (worth £10)*^. *with Durham Campus ID card from 4 Oct 2017 ^ subject to availability. Explore Bike Rides – Delivered by national charity Cycling UK who help everyone on bikes, whether you’re new to cycling, ride regularly or want to get back into it. With over 130 years’ experience we are passionate about helping more people enjoy the benefits of cycling. A series of FREE guided rides, at a gentle pace, to help you find your way around Durham and the best cycling routes to take. Booking essential. Bring your own safe working bike. Some rides include hilly sections. For more information and to book your place contact Andrew Thorp phone 07831 863770 or email [email protected]. Thurs 12 Oct Tuesday 24 Oct Saturday 4 Nov Thursday 23 Nov 5 miles 3 miles 9 miles Night Ride 3 miles 12.00 – 13.00 13.00 – 14.00 12.00 – 14.00 16.30 Meet bike stands, Meet Maiden Castle Meet St. Giles Studios, Meet St. Mary’s opposite Dept. of sports centre main Gilesgate. College main Geography. entrance. entrance. See overleaf Breeze Ride – Sat 28 Oct 14.00 – 16.00.
    [Show full text]
  • 19/10/2020 Pag.1/4 $25 BEAUTIFUL HOMES U $ARGUMENTY I FAKTI
    19/10/2020 Pag.1/4 DIS-PE Srl Distribuzione Prod.editoriali Titoli in distribuzione Bolla 17/10/2020 P 1 Codice V.P. Titolo Numero Barcode Sottotitolo Periodicità 6960202 0 $25 BEAUTIFUL HOMES U 11 09256730036511 12 MENSILE 6917100 0 $ARGUMENTY I FAKTI 42 419848040230142 7 SETTIMANALE 6933209 0 $AUDIO 11 419050850690911 CD 12 MENSILE 6803013 0 $AUTO HEBDO 2282 378145450580422820 7 SETTIMANALE 6923019 0 $AUTO ZEITUNG 23 419053370300723 10 QUINDICINALE (DATE FI 6930039 0 $B&W PHOTOGRAPHY UK 45 977147324607345 12 MENSILE 6960276 0 $BBC HISTORY REVEALED 87 977263269304287 12 MENSILE 6930042 0 $BBC MUSIC MAGAZINE 11 977096671815811 12 MENSILE 7804706 0 $BILDWOCHE 43 419404870149743 7 SETTIMANALE 6980112 0 $BOAT INTERNATIONAL UK 11 977026491312511 BOAT INTERNATIONAL U 12 MENSILE 6970231 0 $BREATHE UK 33 977239797400433 13 BIMESTRALE 6923029 0 $C' T MAGAZIN 22 419914840520722 10 QUINDICINALE (DATE FI 6800269 0 $CHARLIE HEBDO 1473 378140570300614730 7 SETTIMANALE 6930050 0 $CLASSIC BIKE UK 10 977014289024110 12 MENSILE 6960190 0 $COLLECTOR'S SERIES UK 7 977251583101107 KATE BUSH 12 MENSILE 6939010 0 $DDN EDICOLE 260 977112097200300260 12 MENSILE 6960132 0 $ELLE UK 11 02907494474411 12 MENSILE 6911010 0 $FIGARO' MAGAZINE 2085 378059180400920850 7 SETTIMANALE 6940400 0 $FLASH ART INTERNATIO 332 06139990094432 13 BIMESTRALE 6930069 0 $FLYPAST UK 11 977026269529011 12 MENSILE 6911040 0 $FRANCE FOOTBALL 3875 378041550350738750 7 SETTIMANALE 6910214 0 $HEAT UK 41 977146562609841 7 SETTIMANALE 6949013 0 $HYSTRIO 4 977112126900300004 14 TRIMESTRALE 6800298
    [Show full text]
  • User Manual Handlebar / Stem CANYON Components
    EN Never modify CANYON handlebars, stems and handlebar/stem- Make sure the clamping areas are absolutely free of grease and other lubricants, WARRANTY TERMS MOUNTING CANYON STEMS AND CANYON HANDLEBAR/ MOUNTAIN BIKE – ADJUSTING BRAKE LEVERS/SHIFTERS In case the CANYON stem is still not tight enough, dismount the stem and once again ADJUSTING THE HEIGHT OF THE HANDLEBARS combinations. Do not saw them off and do not file or drill holes in especially when the clamping surfaces are made of carbon or carbon-fibre reinforced apply some CANYON assembly paste on the fork steerer tube and the inside of the STEM-COMBINATIONS Release the bolt(s) of the clamps by two to three turns without unscrewing them User Manual Handlebar / Stem CANYON components. This would compromise their structure and void the plastics! Grease will penetrate the surface of the CANYON carbon component and Under European consumer law, the purchaser has full statutory warranty rights stem. Both the handlebar height and the stem length determine how much your upper entirely. Turn the loosened units on the CANYON handlebars so that they point CANYON HANDLEBARS AND STEMS AS WELL AS warranty. undermine the stability of joined parts by reducing the coefficient of friction. Greased within the first two years from date of purchase. According to these laws, CANYON CANYON stems (9) can be mounted in either vertical orientation. These flip-flop body will be inclined forward. Lowering the CANYON handlebars gives the rider slightly downward. Sit in the saddle and place your fingers on the brake lever. If the CANYON stem cannot be tightened on the fork steerer tube with the printed HANDLEBAR/STEM-COMBINATIONS CANYON carbon components may never again provide a safe clamping surface! Bicycles GmbH is responsible for ensuring your CANYON component is free of defects models allow handlebars to be positioned at two different heights by simply a streamlined position and brings more weight to bear on the front wheel.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 3 Science and History Behind the Design of Lucida Charles Bigelow
    204 TUGboat, Volume 39 (2018), No. 3 Science and history behind the design of Lucida Charles Bigelow & Kris Holmes 1 Introduction When desktop publishing was new and Lucida the first type family created expressly for medium and low-resolution digital rendering on computer screens and laser printers, we discussed the main design de- cisions we made in adapting typeface features to digital technology (Bigelow & Holmes, 1986). Since then, and especially since the turn of the 21st century, digital type technology has aided the study of reading and legibility by facilitating the Figure 1: Earliest known type specimen sheet (detail), development and display of typefaces for psycho- Erhard Ratdolt, 1486. Both paragraphs are set at logical and psychophysical investigations. When we approximately 9 pt, but the font in the upper one has a designed Lucida in the early 1980s, we consulted larger x-height and therefore looks bigger. (See text.) scientific studies of reading and vision, so in light of renewed interest in the field, it may be useful to say Despite such early optimism, 20th century type more about how they influenced our design thinking. designers and manufacturers continued to create The application of vision science to legibility type forms more by art and craft than by scientific analysis has long been an aspect of reading research. research. Definitions and measures of “legibility” Two of the earliest and most prominent reading often proved recalcitrant, and the printing and ty- researchers, Émile Javal in France and Edmund Burke pographic industries continued for the most part to Huey in the US, expressed optimism that scientific rely upon craft lore and traditional type aesthetics.
    [Show full text]