Road East of Plot B Belmont Works Eastside Locks Birmingham

Road East of Plot B

Belmont Works

Eastside Locks

Birmingham Archaeological Evaluation

for

Peter Brett Associates

on behalf of

Goodman Eastside Locks (UK) Ltd

CA Project: 6805 CA Report: 6805_1 OASIS ID: cotswold2-334109

May 2019

Road East of Plot B Belmont Works Eastside Locks Birmingham

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 6805 CA Report: 6805_1 OASIS ID: cotswold2-334109

Document Control Grid Reasons for Approved Revision Date Author Checked by Status revision by 25 April Alex Laurie A Sam Wilson Draft Internal Review 2019 Thomson Coleman

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 4

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 5

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-10) ...... 6

6. THE FINDS ...... 8

7. DISCUSSION ...... 8

8. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 9

9. REFERENCES ...... 10

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 11 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 11 APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 12

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:500 and 1:250) Fig. 3 Trench location plan showing 1889 First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping (1:500) Fig. 4 Photographs

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks Location: Birmingham NGR: 407980 287458 Type: Evaluation Date: 23-24 April 2019 Planning Reference: Birmingham City Council ref: 2015/07915/PA Location of Archive: To be deposited with Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery Site Code: BELE18

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in April 2019 on land at Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham. Three trenches were excavated.

A wall and cobbled surfaces were identified, probably dating to the 19th century, correlating to structures shown on historic mapping. Evidence for modern disturbance and levelling was also recorded throughout the evaluation trenches.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In April 2019 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Peter Brett Associates on behalf of Goodman Eastside Locks (UK) Ltd on land at Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham (centred at NGR: 407980 287458; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken in accordance with a condition attached to outline planning consent for the construction of an access road, granted by Birmingham City Council (BCC, ref: 2015/07915/PA, Condition 16). These works form the first phase of a wider development for which a decision is pending on an application for the part demolition, alteration and extension of the former Belmont Works to provide retail and office space (BCC, ref: 2018/10197/PA).

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chris Patrick, City Archaeologist, Birmingham City Council (BCC), and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI), produced by CA (2019) and covering both planning applications, and approved by BCC. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014).

The site 1.3 The area subject to this phase of evaluation measured 840m2 in extent and comprised a parcel of land within the east of the wider site area. The entire proposed development area measures approximately 0.44ha, and comprises the built remains of the Belmont Works and an area of brownfield land to the north. The site lies immediately to the south-east of Jennens Road (A47), the southern boundary of the site comprises Cardigan Street and Belmont Row, the Digbeth Branch Canal runs c. 20m to the north of site and further brownfield space lies to the east of the site. The site lies at approximately 118m AOD.

1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as sandstone of the Helsby Formation formed during the Triassic Period (BGS 2019). Superficial deposits of Devensian sand and gravel are also recorded, formed during the Quaternary Period (ibid.). The natural geological substrate identified during the course of the evaluation comprised greyish-red clay, and was identified in Trench 10.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The wider site area has previously been the subject of a Desk-Based Assessment (Cook 2001), an archaeological evaluation (ULAS 2007), two phases of archaeological excavation (APS 2008; NPA 2009) and an Archaeological Assessment (CA 2017); the below is a summary thereof. Reference should be made to these documents for further detail.

2.2 There are no archaeological assets recorded within the site that date to between the prehistoric and medieval periods (CA 2017, 12). Evidence of prehistoric finds from Birmingham are largely known from unstratified and chance finds, with much of the area known to be woodland during this period. Clearance activities were likely undertaken from the Mesolithic onwards, with Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman farming communities likely active in the area (ibid.). However, no clear evidence of such settlements has been recorded within the city.

2.3 The Domesday survey of 1086 recorded the manor of Birmingham as an ‘insignificant agricultural settlement’ (Bassett and Holt, 2016). In 1166, Henry II granted Peter de Birmingham a market charter, at which point Birmingham was granted borough status, and a new town was established, laid out in burgage plots (ibid.). The north-eastern extent of the medieval/post-medieval settlement is located c. 480m to the south-west of site, with the proposed development area lying in the agricultural hinterland thereof, on the fertile floodplain of the River Rea (CA 2017, 14).

2.4 During the 18th and 19th centuries the area became the site of extensive industrial activity. The Belmont Glassworks are depicted on 19th-century mapping, with a number of glass-making cones constructed by the 1850s and 1860s, with the Belmont Row Glassworks built later in the 19th century (ibid, 15). Excavations within the site in 2007 and 2009 found the below-ground remains of an earlier glass- making cone (APS 2008; NPA 2009) and it is possible that there may have been glass-making activities within the site from the late 17th century onwards (CA 2017, 15). Small-scale workshops and industrial buildings occupied much of the area to the south of the glassworks (within the current area proposed for development), along with lodgings for workers. The truncated remains of these structures were recorded during the previous evaluation and excavations.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

2.5 Located within the north-western extent of the site, Belmont Row Methodist chapel was opened by the Wesleyans in 1789 and in 1851 provided sittings for 1,085 people (BHO 2018); the chapel and associated class rooms are shown to extend into the western part of the site on the First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping of 1889 (see Fig. 3 of this report). The congregation dwindled through the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the chapel ceased to be registered for public worship in 1932 (ibid.). In 1961 the shell of the building was still standing as part of the premises of the Birmingham Waste Company and it was probably demolished in the middle of the 20th century during the construction of the A47 to the west of site.

2.6 The Belmont Row glassworks were demolished during by the late 19th-century, with some expansion of the smaller scale buildings occurring on the site during this time (CA 2017, 16) and a number of walls, robbed-out wall foundations and floor surfaces were recorded during the preceding fieldwork.

2.7 The site was extensively re-developed during the later 19th century and early 20th century, with large industrial buildings illustrated on the site by contemporary mapping (ibid., 17). One of these structures was the former Belmont Works, the fire- damaged remains of which still stand within the south-western area of site. These were built in 1899 for the Cooper Cycle Fitting Company and were used throughout the 20th century for various light-manufacturing industries, with extensions and outbuildings covering some of the site to the north of the main works.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation are to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality, in accordance Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014). This information will enable Birmingham City Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of three trenches, measuring 10m in length and 2m in width, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Trench 10 was re-positioned slightly from its proposed location due to the presence of on-site obstructions and a buried service. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual.

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites. No deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Andover. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-4)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds evidence are to be found in Appendix A and B respectively.

5.2 The stratigraphic sequence exposed during the course of the evaluation was broadly uniform. The natural geological substrate 1005 was only identified in Trench 10, at a depth of 2m below present ground level (bpgl) and appeared to have been disturbed

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

and truncated to this depth, being directly overlain by demolition rubble 1006. Made ground deposits, measuring a total of at least 1.2m in thickness, were recorded within all excavated trenches. Structural remains were recorded within all trenches.

Trench 8 5.3 Overlaying made-ground deposit 803, as identified at the base of the excavated trench, remnant cobbled surface 802 was identified at a depth of 0.9m bpgl (see Fig. 4). It measured at least 2.2m in length, 1m in width and 0.13m in thickness; the cobbles were regularly sized and laid, each stone measuring approximately 0.17m in length and 0.13m in width. This was overlain by a deposit of dumped material 801 and sandy-silt topsoil 800, from which modern material was recovered.

Trench 9 5.4 Identified bedded into made-ground deposit 903, remnant cobbled surface 902 was identified within Trench 9 at a depth of 0.95m bpgl (see Fig. 4); it measured at least 2.6m in length, 2m in width and 0.13m in thickness and was identical in construction to surface 802 seen in Trench 8, c. 15m to the north. The surface was sealed by dumped deposit 901 and topsoil 900.

Trench 10 5.5 The natural substrate 1005 was encountered at 2m bpgl, within a machine excavated sondage. This was overlain by made-ground deposit 1006, which measured 0.53m in thickness. Construction cut 1002 cut into this deposit, and contained wall 1004, which measured 2.75m in length, 0.52m in width and 0.43m in height (see Fig. 4). It comprised three courses of brickwork upon a wider concrete foundation; bricks were hand-made, unfrogged and measured 0.25m in length 0.13m in width and 0.9m in thickness. Abutting wall 1004, construction backfill 1003 contained twenty sherds of pottery and ten fragments of window glass dating to the 19th century; one sherd of Frechen stoneware and two sherds of glazed earthenware of 16th to 18th-century date were also recovered, but are probably residual. The structural remains were sealed by dumped deposit 1001 and topsoil 1000, measuring a total of 1.47m in thickness.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below. Alphanumerical codes have been applied to pottery fabrics.

Pottery 6.2 A small group (23 sherds, 414g) of post-medieval to modern dating pottery was recovered from construction backfill 1003. The earliest-dated sherds are a single item of Frechen stoneware, of mid 16th to 18th century date, and two sherds of glazed earthenware of similar date. The majority of sherds comprise transfer-printed refined white wares (eight sherds, 115g) and pearl wares (six sherds, 56g). Six sherds (35g) of flow blue ware were also recorded, marked ‘Kaolin Ware NANKIN F&R P &C’, indicating the vessel was manufactured by F&R Pratt, Fenton (Staffordshire), probably in the early to mid 19th century.

Other Finds 6.3 Two items of ceramic building material, both bricks, were recovered from two deposits. Both are similar in their dimensions (240mm long, 110mm wide, between 75 and 85mm high). The brick from wall 1004 is unfrogged, whereas the brick from made ground 801 has a frog on one side stamped with ‘Castle Brick Co.’.

6.4 A small group of glass (ten items, 68g) was recovered from foundation cut 1002 (fill 1003). The group comprises two fragments of window and one of vessel in pale blue/green glass, two vessel fragments in brown glass and four colourless fragments. The remaining item is a large fragment of degraded pale-coloured glass. The group is of probable 19th to 20th-century date.

7. DISCUSSION

7.1 The archaeological features identified during this phase of evaluation show good correlation to structures illustrated on historic cartographic sources. Wall 1004 closely matches the north-eastern corner of a building first shown as a ‘smithy’ on the First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping of 1889 (see Fig. 3), with the recovered dating evidence supporting this. The building is depicted on historic mapping until the mid-20th century.

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

7.2 The cobbled surfaces identified in Trenches 8 and 9 appear to correlate to open spaces shown on historic mapping and may relate to yards or lanes located between buildings.

7.3 There was clear evidence for disturbance, demolition and levelling of relatively modern date within all trenches, including clear truncation of the natural substrate identified in Trench 10. A number of Second World War incendiary bomb strikes are recorded within the wider area around the current site, on the Birmingham Bomb Census Mapping (1LD 2014). This, and unrecorded bomb strikes within the current site, may be partly responsible for some of the modern disturbance on site, causing damaged and unstable buildings to be demolished.

8. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Sam Wilson assisted by Majbritt Bengtson. The report was written by Sam Wilson. The finds report was written by Katie Marsden. The illustrations were prepared by Aleks Osinska. The archive has been compiled by Sam Wilson, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Alex Thomson.

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation

9. REFERENCES

1st Line Defence UXO Solutions (1LD) 2014 Detailed Unexploded Ordnance Threat Assessment, Eastside Locks, report ref 1719JB00

Archaeological Project Services (APS) 2008 Archaeological Excavation at the Proposed Technology Park, Eastside, Birmingham, report no. 2/08

Bassett, S. and Holt, R. 2016 ‘Medieval Birmingham’, in Chinn and Malcolm, eds. Birmingham, the Workshop of the World. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press

British Geological Survey (BGS) 2019 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html, accessed 25 April 2019

British History Online (BHO) 2018 A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7, the City of Birmingham, Pages 434-482 https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol7/pp434- 482, accessed 25 April 2019

Cook, M. 2001 Desk-Bases Assessment and Survey of Land and Standing Structures on the Site of the Former Belmont Glassworks and Ashted Pumping Station, Birmingham

Cotswold Archaeology (CA) 2017 Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Assessment, CA report no. 17095

Cotswold Archaeology (CA) 2019 Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Watching Brief

North Pennines Archaeology Ltd (NPA) 2009 Belmont Row Glassworks, Belmont Row, Eastside, Birmingham, West Midlands, NPA report no. 778/09

University of Leicester Archaeology (ULAS) 2007 An Archaeological Evaluation of the Belmont Row Glassworks and the Ashted Pumping Station, Eastside, Birmingham, ULAS report no. 2007-072

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Context L Type Fill of Description W (m) D (m) Spot-date No. No. interpretation (m) Mid greyish brown sandy silt with 8 800 Layer Topsoil 10.4 2 0.1 pebbles and brick frags Loose mid greyish brown sandy silt 8 801 Layer Dumped deposit with abundant brick demolition 10.4 2 0.8 rubble and modern refuse 0.13 8 802 Structure Surface Cobbled stone surface >2.2 >1

Dark greyish brown gritty silt with 8 803 Layer Made ground 10.4 2 >0.17 demolition rubble Mid greyish brown sandy silt with 9 900 Layer Topsoil 10.4 2 0.25 pebbles Loose mid greyish brown sandy silt 9 901 Layer Dumped deposit with abundant brick demolition 10.4 2 0.95 rubble and modern refuse 9 902 Structure Surface Cobbled stone surface >2.6 >2 0.13 Cobbled surface Dark greyish brown gritty clay with 9 903 Layer >2.6 >2 >0.27 bedding layer demolition rubble 10 1000 Layer Topsoil Mid greyish brown sandy silt 9.6 2 0.1 Mid greyish brown sandy silt with 10 1001 Layer Dumped deposit 9.6 2 >1.37 abundant brick rubble 10 1002 Cut Construction cut For wall 1004 2.8 0.55 >0.43 Construction cut 10 1003 Fill 1002 Mid greyish brown sandy silt 2.8 0.55 >0.43 E-M C19 backfill 10 1004 Structure 1002 Wall Brick wall 2.75 0.52 0.43 Natural 10 1005 Layer Mid greyish red clay >1.5 >1.5 substrate Mid greyish brown sandy silt with 10 1006 Layer Made ground >1.5 >1.5 0.53 abundant brick rubble

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Fabric Spot- Context Class Description Ct. Wt.(g) Code date 801 CBM brick 1 2807 E-M 1003 post-medieval pottery glazed earthenware bowl GEW 2 166 C19 Post-medieval pottery salt-glazed stoneware SGSW 1 42 Post-medieval/modern Flb Kaolin Ware Flow Blue 6 35 pottery RWW Post-medieval/modern TP Transfer-printed refined white ware plate 8 115 pottery RWW Post-medieval pottery Transfer-printed pearlware bowl TP PW 6 56 glass Window, brown/pale/colourless vessel 10 68 1004 CBM brick 1 2603

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in April 2019 on land at Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham. Three trenches were excavated.

Short description A wall and cobbled surfaces were identified, probably dating to the 19th century, correlating to structures shown on historic mapping. Evidence for modern disturbance and levelling was also recorded throughout the evaluation trenches. Project dates 23-24 April 2019 Project type Evaluation Desk Based Assessment (Cook 2001) Excavation (ULAS 2007) Previous work Excavation (APS 2008)

Excavation (NPA 2009) Archaeological Assessment (CA 2017) Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham Study area 0.44ha Site co-ordinates 407980 287458 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Birmingham City Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Alex Thomson Project Supervisor Sam Wilson MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Physical Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery Ceramics, CBM, bone Context sheets, trench Paper Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery sheets, registers Digital Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery Digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cotswold Archaeology (CA) 2019 Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 6805.1

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287000

TRENT CITY OF Andover 01264 347630 DERBY N Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 TELFORD Cotswold AND STAFFORDSHIRE Milton Keynes 01908 564660 WREKIN Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 BIRMINGHAM w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk LEICESTERSHIRE e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE SHROPSHIRE CITY OF LEICESTER Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham

WORCESTERSHIRE FIGURE TITLE Site location plan WARWICKSHIRE 0 1km COUNTY OF M DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 6805 FIGURE NO. HEREFORDSHIRE K © Crown copyright and database rights 2019 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 30/04/2019 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Ordnance Survey 0100031673 APPROVED BY AT SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 N 2 25m FIGURE NO. 01908 564660 cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk @ 01449 900120 01392 573970 Ordnance Survey 0100031673 Ordnance Survey www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 6805 30/04/2019 1:500 & 1:250 01264 347630 Andover Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter Milton Keynes Suffolk w e enquiries 1:500 PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A3 Site boundary pending boundarySite for ref: (BCC application 2018/10197/PA) trench Evaluation works (APS 2008) Previous 2009) works (NPA Previous Cut feature Surface Structure Modern AO DJB AT Cotswold Archaeology 0 © Crown copyright and database rights copyright 2019 © Crown PROJECT TITLE Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham FIGURE TITLE location plan showing Trench archaeological features DRAWN BY DRAWN CHECKED BY APPROVED BY 10m T8 1:250 802 surface T9 0 cut 1002 structural T10 902 surface wall 1004 inset 408050

Digbeth Branch Canal Tunnel T8 T9

Belmont Row T10 inset

408000

Shelter B4114 Jennens Road Jennens B4114 Former Belmont Works Belmont Former

407950

Cardigan Street 287500 287450 287400 407950 408000 408050 N

287600

Site boundary Site boundary for pending application (BCC ref: 2018/10197/PA) Evaluation trench Cut feature Surface Structure Modern

287500

287450 0 1:500 25m

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

T10 PROJECT TITLE Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham

FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan, showing 1889 First Edition Ordnance Survey mapping

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 6805 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 30/04/2019 APPROVED BY AT SCALE@A3 1:500 3 Cobbled surface 802 within Trench 8, looking east (1m scale) Cobbled surface 902 within Trench 9, looking north (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Road East of Plot B, Belmont Works, Eastside Locks, Birmingham

FIGURE TITLE Wall1004 within Trench 10, looking south-west (1m scale) Photographs

DRAWN BY AO PROJECT NO. 6805 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 30/04/2019 APPROVED BY AT SCALE@A3 NA 4