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Kyrgyzstan Brief No 7

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Kyrgyzstan Brief No 7 7 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2006 № Bazarbay Mambetov: CONTENTS «Control over water Kyrgyz Crossword resources must be seen as a Bakyt Beshimov ...........................................2 key element of future power Political and Legal Analysis of the Changes of Kyrgyzstan. We must in the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic Gulnara Iskakova .........................................5 infl uence the Central Asian The New Constitution: Politics or Law? politics» - p.19 Roundtable Transcript ............................... 11 Recommendations of the IPP for the Structure BRIEF Issue KYRGYZSTAN Bakyt Beshimov: of the Government and Apparatus of the Prime “Kyrgyzstan is an intriguing Minister ......................................................17 country in post-Soviet Central “Control over Water Resources is a Key Asia. The historical drama of Element of Future Power of Kyrgyzstan” the country is full of confl icts Interview with Bazarbai Mambetov .............19 and crucial plots, mysteries Tripartism as a Prerequisite for the and myths; it has more Development of Socially Responsible Business Roundtable Summary .................................22 questions than answers. It is the most open country in the The SCO as a Project for a Zone of Mutual Responsibility and Development region, with strong civil society Muratbek Imanaliev ....................................23 and freedom of speech. At Certain Aspects of Kyrgyzstan’s Foreign Policy the same time, it is the most in 2006 disorganized country, with Erlan Abdyldaev .......................................25 weak government institutions Management of Water Resources in Kyrgyzstan and an ineffi cient bureaucratic Roundtable summary .................................28 system.” – p. 2 ABOUT IPP The Institute for Public Policy (IPP) is an independent, non-partisan research and policy-making institution, based in Bishkek. Its goals are to develop and promote participatory approach in establishing public policy; to strengthen expert analysis in order to promote eff ective decisionmaking in matters of public policy and to create an indepen- dent platform for dialogue on public policy issues. The Institute provides expert consulting, research and surveys on Central Asian aff airs, confl ict management services as well as implementation of educational and cultural projects aimed at good governance. Institute for Public Policy 42/1 Isanov kochosu Bishkek 720017 Kyrgyzstan Tel/Fax: +996(312) 906240 Email:: offi [email protected] Website: http://www.ipp.kg The publication was supported by grants from: European OSI Assistance OSCE Offi ce Union Foundation for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission of the Institute for Public Policy 7 № Kyrgyz Crossword KYRGYZ CROSSWORD Bakyt Beshimov, Vice-President of the American University-Central Asia A Country of Paradoxes Kyrgyzstan is an intriguing country in post-So- stan and Russia, leaving far behind the active part of viet Central Asia. The Historical drama of the coun- the population in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in under- try is full of confl icts and crucial plots, mysteries standing the mechanisms of the market economy. and myths; it has more questions than answers. Most working age citizens are massively leaving the country in search of a better life. Thanks to their remit- It is the most open country in the region, with strong tances, which annually amount to more than $500 mil- civil society and freedom of speech. At the same time, lion, economic and social projects in the country con- KYRGYZSTAN BRIEF Issue KYRGYZSTAN it is the most disorganized country, with weak govern- tinue to exist, and are even developing in some cases. ment institutions and an ineffi cient bureaucratic system. The population is strongly politicized; the most ac- According to many experts, the country essentially did tive part of it constantly participates in mass po- not realize itself as a state during fi fteen years of indepen- litical events and does not allow the establishment dence. It still has not clearly found its position concern- of an authoritarian regime. In 2005, it became the ing main internal and external vectors of development. only country in Central Asia to replace the system of rule by forceful pressure; it oddly presents ele- Among the former Soviet states of Central Asia, Kyr- ments of revolution and counterrevolution, coupe gyzstan was the fi rst to introduce a national currency, d’etat and constitutional transfer of authority. entere the WTO, and started land privatization. How- ever, the advantages of some of these steps are not The nation is divided into two regions in political terms, obvious. The economy is weak and vulnerable to seri- but is united in the strive for better changes. The eco- ous external factors, and is damaged by corruption in nomically active population feeds the authority, and addition. The government indeed cannot manage its has lost all hopes of getting help from them in return. huge external dept, which is why it fully depends on The authority steadily increases its level of life at the ex- donor countries and international fi nancial institutions. pense of the population, not understanding how to help people substantially. Kyrgyzstan is a country of para- Smart and dynamic Kyrgyz businessmen currently oc- doxes in which many unexpected things could happen. cupy medium and small businesses niches in Kazakh- The Lessons of the Last Fifteen Years and of 2005 During the fi rst years of independence, it was majority, who began to live according to the prin- generally believed that the country took a route for ciple that ‘everything can be bought and sold.’ The welfare, and expectations were high. The participa- psychology of thieves, crooks and nepotistic lead- tion of people in political and economic life became ers became prevalent in the society. Elections at all more and more active, resulting in the emergence levels turned into shameless exchanges, opening of opposition and establishment of a private sector. a way to politicians without morality or principles. However, there was an attempt to establish clan-based By 2005, the country had a permanent presi- rule of one family at the top instead of promoting system- dent and had gone through many prime min- atic and consistent transformation of the political sys- isters, speakers, and oppositional politicians, tem with an objective to increase the effi ciency of gov- but had never seen a true leader of the nation. ernance as a whole. Naturally, this occurrence prompt- ed the appearance of three threatening trends: 1) the It is necessary to stress that the factor of leader- growth of corruption in the governmental system and ship plays a decisive role in the destiny of any coun- system of public aff airs management, 2) the intensifi ca- try. The history of both successful and failed coun- tion of crisis between the executive branch of authority tries proves this point, which can especially be and the parliament, 3) the moral and professional degra- seen in the history of post communist countries. dation of the prestige of the judicial branch of authority. After the collapse of the USSR, the soviet party nomen- The shadow economy became almost equal to the of- clatura was the only source from which to form a ruling fi cial one. The arrogant and empty way of life of cor- circle. A split in the Kyrgyz Communist Party in 1991 rupt offi cials and new bourgeoisie promoted the demonstrated that there was no strong leader, and re- quick defl ation of the moral values of the society, re- gionalist politics openly emerged in the arena. It is for sulting in the moral degradation of the population’s this reason that a member of the mid-level nomencla- -2- 7 Kyrgyz Crossword № tura occupied the position of the presidency, someone ests – to get into authority themselves by any means. who was able to mislead the public from the start by po- Their number continues to increase from time to time sitioning himself as democrat and a progressive leader. with the addition of those people who have been stripped of opportunities to get rich at the expense On the sly of anticommunist rhetoric, the top of the of other people, and have thus become exploited nomenclatura was eliminated from political life and themselves. Moreover, these people did not pay spe- replaced by a rattling mix of blood relatives and repre- cial attention to the doubtful origins of politicians’ sentatives of the academic nomenclatura intelligentsia. money. Such politicians never possessed idealism. At the same time, the one and only criterion to get For this reason, it is no coincidence that some of them access to authority was full obedience and person- who have gained government power currently cannot al devotion to the president and his family. It is not change the essence of authority for the better; they are BRIEF Issue KYRGYZSTAN surprising that this criterion became both a basis to mirror refl ections of their rivals of yesterday. It is logical that reinforce family rule and a trend towards the deg- the property of losers passed into the hands of winners. radation of the ruling circle. Most people did not notice that the country fell deep in dept under the It is utopia to expect constructive politics in the form thick screen of loud promises and endless plans. of alternative projects for the country’s development and positive ideology from pseudo oppositionists. The unique natural resources of Kyrgyzstan turned into objects of shameless exploitation, robbery, In contrast, politicians who had certain a political phi- and means of trade for the ruling circle and its as- losophy and democratic commitments were not able sociates. The Kyrgyz opposition was formed un- to connect their political goals with the hopes of sim- der conditions of growing discontent among the ple people. Now they are desperately searching for a people with the method of rule and personal cure against regionalism in order to fi nd a way to reach qualities of the president and his close associates.
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