DOCSLIB.ORG

Mineral Resources in the Puget Sound Area Present Status and Potential

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mineral Resources in the Puget Sound Area Present Status and Potential DEPX­ ,,-~ GEOL! ..Vi ) .;, J C ONT E NTS Page Mineral resources in the Puget Sound area Present status and potential................. • . • • • . • . • . 1 Known and potential mineralized areas. ............................. 1,2 Minerals' economic contribution. • . • • . • . • . • • . • . • • • . • . • . 2 Introduction. 2 Purpose •.• 2 _Scope . .. 2 Basic assumptions .. 2,3 Physical features and their relationship to mining. 3 Puget Sound Province ..••... 5 Cascade Mountains Province .. 5 History of mining activity .. ................................... .. 5 Mineral production trends . .........• . ...........•..•.....•.•.•. 5-8 Mineral commodity reviews. .... ................................. 8 Nonmetals. .. .. ... 8 Cement. .. ........ 8- 17 Clay •••. 17-21 Lime •.•. .. ...... 21-24 Olivine •.• . .. ..... 24,25 Peat ..•.. ...... 25-27 ~ ·{1' Sand • 1 and gravel .•• 27-31 t Stone . ............ ... ... 31-35 6\ Silica .••.•.....• ..... 35-37 I 11«- Talc (soapstone). .... 37-39 ij' { l"'~ Metals •.•.•• .... 39 Copper. (_ .. 39,40 , Gold ••• ...... 40,41 Manganese. .. .. .... 41 Other metals. 42 Fuels •••.•• 42 Coal ... .... 42-45 ~etroleum and natural gas •• . .. 45,46 i T t-.ld-"\ Wd, 5 ~ 1 CONTENTS Page L\.~"'- \~lo3 Industrial operation reviews •.•.•••.••.••..••... • ........•.. .. 46 ~:) "2.-- --- Primary metals. 46 Aluminum. 46,47 Copper. 48,49 Steel.. 49,50 Pulp and paper ...•..••.••.•• 50,51 Sulfate-pulping process. 51 Sulfite-pulping process •. 51-53 Mineral requirements .. 54 Lime .. .......... 54 Limestone .•.. • . •. 54 Sal t cake (sodium sulfate) . 54,55 Sulfur...•...........•. 55 Salt (sodium chloride). 55,57 Employment .•.•...•.. 57 Primary metals . 57 Mining • . • .•.••. 57-63 Present status and potential of the River Bas ins .••.•.•...•....•••.•..• 65 Known and potential mineralized areas . • .•..•. •. .• ...•..•... .• •• ••. 65 Nooksack River drainage system.• 65 Limestone .•. 65,68 Olivine •. 68 Coal •...•. 68,69 Sand and gravel. .. 69 Clay ............ ' 70 Stone other than limestone. 70 Peat . •. 70,71 Silica .. 71 Diatomite. 71 Gold •.. 71, 72 Nickel. 72 •• Silver. 72 Zinc ... 72 Oil and gas. 72, 73 Copper ... 73 Chromium. 73 Iron .... 73 • ii CONTENTS Page Skagit River drainage system. 74 Limestone .. 74 Olivine. 74,78 Coal • . .. 78 Sand and gravel. 78 Clay . ... ....... 79 Stone other than limestone. 79 Asbestiform materials. 79 Diatomite .. .. 79 Mineral water. 80 Oil and gas . • 80 Peat•.. 80 Silica .• 80,81 Strontium.• 81 Pumicite. .. 81 Talc. .... 81,82 Gold. 82,83 Copper. ... 83,84 Chromium. .... .. 84 Iron • •• 84 Lead •••• . .... 84 Si lver. 84 Nickel.. ...... .. 84,85 Zinc .•. ...... 85 Manganese. 85 Molybdenum. .. ... 85 Still~guamish River drainage system.•. 85 Limestone .. ..•... 85 Sand and gravel. 88 Coal .• 88 Peat.. 88 Pumice. 88 Asbestos •.• 89 Diatomite •. 89 Copper. 89 Gold •••. 90 Silver• . 90 Iron ..• 90 Other properties in the Stillaguamish River drainage system . .. .. .. .. ...... ......... 90 Snohomish River drainage system. 90-93 Limestone • .•. • •• 94 Sand and gravel•. 94 Clay ...... .... 94 Stone other than limestone •• 95 Mineral water.•. 95 Coal • .......••• 95 e iii CONT ENTS Page Peat .•..•. 95 Diatomite. 96 - Asbestos. 96 Antimony. 96 Arsenic. 96 Copper. 96-98 Gold. 98,99 Iron. 99 Molybdenum, lead, and nickel. 100 Silver. 100 Zinc., 100 Cedar River drainage system.. 100 Sand and gravel •. 104 Stone .. 104 Silica. 104 Clay. 104 Coal. 105 Peat. 105 Diatomite .. 106 Copper and gold. 106 Green River drainage system. 106 Coal .... ....... 106 Sand and gravel. 106 Clay ..• 106,107 Silica .. 107 - Stone. .. 107 Peat.• 107 Mercury. 107 Oil and gas •• 108 Mineral springs, arsenic, and iron. 108 Whidbey Island drainage system. 108 Peat• . .....•..... 108 Sand and gravel •• 108 Diatomite ... 108 Elwha-Dungeness Rivers drainage system. 112 Stone . •.•.•..... 112 Sand and gravel•• 112 Mineral water.• 112 Manganese. 112 Peat•• ...•. 113 CONTENTS Page West Sound Basin drainage system. 113 Stone other than limestone. .. .. 113 Sand and gravel. 113 Peat•.. 113 Clay ••. 113 Iron ... 118 Copper. 118 Manganese .. 118 Limestone. 118 Diatomite. 118 Nisqually River drainage system •. 119 Clay. 119 Coal •.. 119 Peat. 119 Sand and gravel .. 119 Stone •.. •.• ·... 122 Mineral water •. 122 Copper ..•.... • 122 Iron .......... 122 Other mineral deposists .•. 122 Gold. 123 Zinc •. .. 123 Deschutes River drainage system.•• 123 Sand and gravel. 123 Stone.. • • . 123 Peat••.. 124 Mineral water. 124 White-Puyallup Rivers drainage system. 124 Sand and gravel •. 124 Coal .. 124 Stone. 125 Peat ..• 125 Silica. ... 125 Clay •.• 125 Alumite. 128 Perlite •. 128 Di atomite. 128 Copper •... 128 San Juan Islands drainage system. 128 Limestone •.. 128 Sandstone .. 129 Sand and gravel. 129 Clay. 129 Peat. 129 e V CONTL:N'l'S Page Present and future demand for minerals for the Puget Sormd area . ................. ........... ...................... 133 Water use by mineral industries ..••.•............ , . , .. ,,.,,,,.,,,· 133,134 Land needs for minerals development...•.. ... , , . , ... , . , . , , , , , , , , , , 134-136 Future needs for minerals in the Puget Sound area . ....•........•.. 136 Projections . ..........•. , ....• , , ... , , , , . , , , . , .. , , · , , , · , · , 136,138 Cement ...................•.........................• .•. 138,139 Clay . ................... ........... ....... ..... ..... 139 Lime ........ ...... ..... ........... ................... 141 Peat ................. ..... ........... .. .......... .. 141 Sand and gravel and stone ......• . .•........ ... .. .. , ... 141-145 Miscellaneous minerals ...•.....·· ..•..........•..•.... 146,147 Means to satisfy mineral needs •..•......... .. ....•.... •........ , . , . 14 7 List pf references ..•.. .......• .... • .• ,,. ,, .. ,., .• ,,,, .. ,,, ,• ·•,·,·,,· 148-150 e vi ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. Map of Puget Sound area showing major mineral resources .......... 4 rJ 2. Location map, Puget Sound area mineral processing and related industrial operations. • . • . • . 12 th 3. Employment trends in Washington for selected industries, 1950-64 .................• • ..•. .. .•............... 58 4. Map of mineral resources in the Nooksack Basin .. ................ 67 5. Map of mineral resources in the Skagit Basin ..................... 77 6. Map of mineral resources in the Stillaguamish Basin ..........•... 87 7. Map of mineral resources in the Snohomish Bas in .......•...•.. •... 93 8, Map of mineral resources in the Cedar-Green Basin •....•..•...... 103 9. Map of mineral resources in the Whidbey Basin ....•.•........•.... 111 10. Map of mineral resources in the Elwha-Dungeness Basin.......... 115 11. Map of mineral resources in the West Sound Basin .....•. ·....•. ... 117 12. Map of mineral resources in the Nisqually- Deschutes Basin ••... ... 121 13. Map of mineral resources in the Puyallup Basin•.... • .. • . ••..•. • 127 14. Map of mineral resources in the San Juan Basin .•..•.•••.•..... .. 131 15. Washington versus United States per capita cement consumption, 1940-64 . .............•..· ... .... ... , . ...... , , .. · 137 e 16. Clay production in the Puget Sound area, 1948-64 ... .•.....•.•.. , 140 17. Washington versus United States per capita sand and gravel and stone production, 1940-64 ... •... .•.• . .. .. ... •. .. 142 18. Sand and gravel produced by commercial firms in the Puget Sound area, 1951-64 . • .. ...•...•. ..... .•.. ......•.... · 144 .e vii TABLES 1. Value of mineral production by county, 1955, 1960, 1964 ............ .... .. ... .... .. ..•.•...• . , .... 6 2. Mineral production in Puget Sound area, 1900-64 .. •.•.. ....•. .. 7 3. Production of minerals in Puget Sound area by· decade. 9 4. Relative unit values of nonmetals and coal from Puget Sound area by decade, 1900-64 .......•..•............ 9 5. Production of cement in the Puget Sound area, 1950-64 . •. ...........•......•. .. ......•....•................ 10 6. Cement consumption. 14 7. Estimated consumption of cement in Puget Sound area ..... .. ... ... 14 8. Estimated raw materials used in manufacturing cement in the Puget Sound area, 1964 •... ... • . • .. .... 15 9. Clays produced in the Puget Sound area, 1948-64 • ...... ... .. ... 18 10. Lime production in the Pacific Northwest, 1964• . ........... .... 22 11. Apparent primary open-market lime consumption in Washington ...............••......•.............• . ...•. .. .. 23 e 12. Peat production in Washington, 1950- 64 ... .. • . ..• • .. ........... 26 13. Sand and gravel production in the Puget Sound area, 1950- 64 . ................. ........ ...... .. .. .. ....... 29 14. Sand and gravel production from commercial pl~nts in Washington and Puget Sound area, 1964 ... ... ............... 29 15. Sand and gravel usage in the Puget Sound area, 1964 ............ 29 16. Stone production in the Puget Sound area, 1.937-64 •... ..•..... 32 17. Stone production from the Puget Sound area by type of stone, 1964 ..... .........•.. ... .. ..... .. 32 18. Crushed stone production from commercial plants in th_e Puget Sound area, 1964 ..... ... .... .. ........•. ... .. 33 19. Stone usage in the Puget Sound area, 1964 . .... ... • . ..... .•• . .. 33 20. Foreign imports of limestone to harbors in the Puget Sound area, 1959-64 ..••...... .......•........ ...... 34 21 . Soapstone production in the Puget Sound area, 1950-64 ..... ........ ... ...... ....•.. .. .• ... .. .. .. ... 37 22. Total gold production in the Puget Sound area to 1967 ......•.... 40 23. Coal consumed in Washington .. ....•.....•...........•...........
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wollastonite–A Versatile Industrial Mineral
    Industrial Minerals of the United States Wollastonite–A Versatile Industrial Mineral What is Wollastonite? Wollastonite is a chemically simple mineral named in honor of English mineralogist and chemist Sir W.H. Wollaston (1766–1828). It is composed of calcium (Ca) and silicon and oxygen (SiO2, silica) with the chemical formula CaSiO3. Although much wollastonite is relatively pure CaSiO3, it can contain some iron, magnesium, (Above and right) Hand specimens of manganese, aluminum, potassium, wollastonite showing acicular crystal clusters. sodium, or strontium substituting for calcium in the mineral structure. Pure wollastonite is bright white; the geologic conditions during formation What Makes Wollastonite and host rock composition. The type and amount of impurities can Useful? produce gray, cream, brown, pale- Lewis Deposit, mined by NYCO green, or red colors. Minerals, Inc., in the Adirondack Wollastonite has several physical Mountains in Essex County, was properties that make it useful as an formed by the recrystallization of industrial mineral: Geology of U.S. Precambrian carbonate rocks inter- Wollastonite Deposits layered with high-grade metamor- ∑ Wollastonite is largely inert, phic rocks. Nearby reserves are although it will dissolve in concen- Wollastonite is formed by two contained in the Oak Hill and trated hydrochloric acid. It will not processes. The first occurs when Deerhead deposits. The ore bodies react with other components of silica and limestone are raised to a consist of the minerals wollastonite, manufactured products either during temperature of 400°–450°C, either garnet, and diopside with as much as or after the manufacturing process. because of deep burial (regional 60 percent of the bodies being ∑ During crushing, wollastonite metamorphism) or by being baked wollastonite.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING and CULTURAL AWARENESS JIM WOODS, DIRECTOR of TRIBAL AFFAIRS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT to the DIRECTOR Native American Tribes Are Here
    Working with Tribes SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING AND CULTURAL AWARENESS JIM WOODS, DIRECTOR OF TRIBAL AFFAIRS, SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE DIRECTOR Native American Tribes are here 574 Recognized Tribes in the United States 29 Federally Recognized Tribes in Washington 21 + 2 Treaty Tribes 8 Executive Order Tribes Tribes with Fishing Rights 24 Tribes with off-reservation Hunting Rights Out of State Tribes with rights in Washington Working with our tribal partners The overview: History of Tribal Governments Cultural Relevance & Differences Awareness of Native Lifeways Social Characteristics Stewardship Shared Management and Responsibilities Professional Perspective Resiliency Culture is not a divide. Although Indian tribes are sovereign, that sovereignty is not absolute. It has been challenged, defined, and battled over throughout U.S. history. History of Tribal Governments Tribes have been on this Continent and here in the Pacific Northwest for thousands of years. Historically the Makah believe Orca transformed into a wolf, and thus transforming again into Man. Pre-1492: Pre-Columbus Period Native people lived in organized societies with their own forms of governance for thousands of years before contact with Europeans. Historic Ancient Chinese Explorers traded with WA Coastal Tribes early 1400’s 1513- Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to sight the Pacific Ocean, when he claimed all lands adjoining this ocean for the Spanish Crown. In the vicinity of the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay where in 1851 the first U.S. settlers began building log cabins, the Duwamish tribe occupied at least 17 villages. The first non-Natives to settle the area were farmers who selected their claims on the Duwamish River on September 16, 1851.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper and Its Electrifying Future 19
    SECTOR BRIEFING number DBS Asian Insights DBS Group61 Research • October 2018 Copper And Its Electrifying Future 19 DBS Asian Insights SECTOR BRIEFING 61 02 Copper And Its Electrifying Future Eun Young LEE Equity Analyst [email protected] Yi Seul SHIN Equity Analyst [email protected] Special thanks to Rachel Miu for her contribution to the report Produced by: Asian Insights Office • DBS Group Research go.dbs.com/research @dbsinsights [email protected] Goh Chien Yen Editor-in-Chief Martin Tacchi Art Editor 19 DBS Asian Insights SECTOR BRIEFING 61 03 04 Executive Summary 06 Introduction 12 Bullish on Long Term Copper Prices 18 Copper Demand’s New Growth Path Over the Next Decade 27 Electrifying Society: A Key Driver of Copper Demand 42 Copper Supply Lagging Demand 50 Appendix I Global Copper Sector Value Chain 52 Appendix II China Copper Sector Value Chain 53 Appendix III Top copper mines and refiners DBS Asian Insights SECTOR BRIEFING 61 04 Executive Summary opper is set for an electrifying future. Already the metal of choice wherever electricity is needed, copper is to experience demand at growth rates not seen in previous decades, as the world moves towards the electrification of energy. In particular, the Celectrification of transportation will be a mega-trend. Electric vehicles use copper more intensely than internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) – a battery-powered electric vehicle contains four times as much copper as an ICEV (80kg versus 20kg). Renewable energy also uses significantly more copper per megawatt hour of power generated than for coal or nuclear power. With the electrification of energy, we expect demand for electricity to outstrip the growth in total primary energy demand going forward.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Presentation
    FSE: 6IM | OTCQB: IMAHF | TSX.V: IMA CORPORATE PRESENTATION September 7, 2017 www.imineralsinc.com 1 FSE:61M | OTCQB: IMAHF | TSX.V: IMA Forward Looking Statements This presentation may contain forward-looking statements which involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of I-Minerals to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements may include statements regarding exploration results and budgets, resource estimates, work programs, strategic plans, market price of industrial minerals or other statements that are not statements of fact. Although I-Minerals believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Various factors that may affect future results include, but are not limited to, fluctuations in market prices of minerals, foreign currency exchange fluctuations, risks relating to exploration, including resource estimation and costs and timing of commercial production, requirements for additional financing, political and regulatory risks, and other risks described in I-Minerals’ management discussions and analyses as filed on SEDAR and EDGAR. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements 2 FSE:61M | OTCQB: IMAHF | TSX.V: IMA Permitted Deposit, Robust Feasibility Study, Strong Management •
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
    Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science Part II Addresses and Invited Papers Vol. 98 (1988) Speaker OF THE Year 63 SPEAKER OF THE YEAR ADDRESS—1988-89 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS—A CRITICAL KEY TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Haydn H. Murray Speaker of the Year Department of Geology Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47405 ABSTRACT: Industrial or non-metallic minerals are essen- tial to economic development. The value of industrial mineral production in the United States is over 3 times the value of metallic mineral production. In the developed countries of the world, the value of non-metallic mineral production exceeds the value of metallic mineral production. The development of a modern industrialized society requires quality and reason- ably priced industrial minerals in such industries as smelting of copper and iron, manufacturing cement, drilling oil wells, manufacturing ceramic materials, and a host of others. Be- cause transportation costs are high, most industrial minerals are not imported so a country or region must have a good raw material source. INTRODUCTION A precise inclusive definition for industrial minerals or non-metallic minerals is difficult because it includes many unrelated minerals that range from low priced materials such as sand and gravel to high priced materials like industrial dia- monds. The World Bank report (Noestaller, 1987) defines industrial minerals as comprising all non-metallic non-fuel minerals extracted and processed for industry end uses, some metallic minerals consumed in non-metallurgical applications,
    [Show full text]
  • AP42 Section: Reference: Title: 11.25 Clays, S. H. Patterson and H. H
    AP42 Section: 11.25 Reference: ~ Title: Clays, S. H. Patterson and H. H. Murray, Industrial Minerals And Rocks, Volume 1, Society Of Mining Engineers, New York, 1983. The term clay is somewhat ambiguous un- less specifically defined, because it is used in three ways: (I) as a diverse group of fine- grained minerals, (2) a5 a rock term, and (3) as a particle-size term. Actually, most persons using the term clay realize that it has several meanings, and in most instances they define it. As a rock term, clay is difficult to define be- cause of the wide variety of materials that com- ,me it; therefore, the definition must be gen- 'eral. Clay is a natural earthy, fine-grained ma- Iterial composed largely of a group of crystalline ;minerals known as the clay minerals. These minerals are hydrous silicates composed mainly of silica, alumina, and water. Several of these minerals also contain appreciable quantities of iron, alkalies, and alkaline earths. Many defini- tions state that a clay is plastic when wet. Most clay materials do have this property, but some clays are not plastic; for exaniple, halloysite and flint clay. As a particle-size term, clay is used for the category that includes the smallest particles. The maximum-size particles in the clay-size grade are defined differently on various grade scales. Soil imestigators and mineralogists gen- erally use 2 micrometers as the maximum size, whereas the widely used scale by Wentworth (1922) defines clay as material finer than ap proximately 4 micrometers. Some authorities find it convenient to'use the term clay'for any fine-grained, natural, earthy, argillaceous material (Grim.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemical Report on the Long B Claims Texada Island
    GEOCHEMICAL REPORT ON THE LONG B CLAIMS TEXADA ISLAND NANAIMO MINING DIVISION 92F/9W, 49' 37', 124" 17' BY J.T. SHEARER, M.Sc. for cj CARIB00 GOLD CORPORATION P.O. BOX 4237, QUESNEL, B.C. V2J 353 OWNERS: E.T. Johanson, R.E. Mickle, J.E. Newman Field work completed between April 15 and April 27, 1985 May 8, 1985 CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES i SUMMARY ii INTRODUCTION 1 CLAIM STATUS AND ACCESS 2 FIELD PROCEDURES 3 GEOLOGY 3 MINERALIZATION 5 GEOCHEMISTRY 6 cs CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7 REFERENCES 10 APPENDIX I List of Personnel and Dates Worked 11 APPENDIX I1 Statement of Qualifications 12 APPENDIX I11 Statement of Costs 13 APPENDIX IV Analytical Procedures and Gold 15 Hi stogr am APPENDIX V Geochemical Assay Certificates 17 and Rock Description Sheets APPENDIX VI British Columbia Department of Mines 30 G. Forms, Long B. Claims APPENDIX VI1 List of Suppliers, Texada Island 33 APPENDIX VI11 Estimate of Costs for Future Exploration 34 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Following Page FIGURE 1 LOCATION MAP 1 2 ACCESS MAP 1 :125,000 2 3 CLAIM MAP 1 :50,000 2 4 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP 1 :50,000 2 5 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 1:250,000 3 o 6 DETAfL, SOUTHEAST 1 :2,500 (fold out) 4 AREA 7 DETAIL, UPPER CREEK 5 AREA 1:1,000 (fold out) 8 SOIL PROFILE 1 1 :10 (fold out) 6 9 SOIL PROFILE 2 1 :10 (fold out) 7 10 SOIL GRID, LONG 1 :2,500 (in B CLAIM pocket ) TABLES TABLE 1 LIST OF CLAIMS 2 ii SUMMARY 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coming Copper Peak
    NEWSNEWSFOCUSFOCUS on March 28, 2017 The Coming Copper Peak http://science.sciencemag.org/ Production of the vital metal will top out and decline within decades, according to a new model that may hold lessons for other resources IF ELECTRONS ARE THE LIFEBLOOD OF A even if copper is more abundant than most per from the earth has always come to the Downloaded from modern economy, copper makes up its blood geologists believe. That would drive prices rescue before, he notes, so he expects a much- vessels. In cables, wires, and contacts, cop- sky-high, trigger increased recycling, delayed peak that businesses and consumers per is at the core of the electrical distribu- and force inferior substitutes for copper will comfortably accommodate by recycling tion system, from power stations to the deli- on the marketplace. more copper and using copper substitutes. cate electronics that can display this page of Predicting when production of any nat- The copper debate could foreshadow Science. A small car has 20 kilograms of ural resource will peak is fraught with un- others. The team is applying its depletion copper in everything from its starter motor certainty. Witness the running debate over model to other mineral resources, from to the radiator; hybrid cars have twice that. when world oil production will peak (Science, oil to lithium, that also face exponentially But even in the face of exponentially rising 3 February 2012, p. 522). And the early recep- escalating demands on a depleting resource. consumption—reaching 17 million metric tion of the copper forecast is mixed. The work tons in 2012—miners have for 10,000 years gives “a pretty good idea that likely we’ll get So far, so good met the world’s demand for copper.
    [Show full text]
  • Nisqually State Park Interpretive Plan
    NISQUALLY STATE PARK INTERPRETIVE PLAN OCTOBER 2020 Prepared for the Nisqually Indian Tribe by Historical Research Associates, Inc. We acknowledge that Nisqually State Park is part of the homelands of the Squalli-absch (sqʷaliʔabš) people. We offer respect for their history and culture, and for the path they show in caring for this place. “All natural things are our brothers and sisters, they have things to teach us, if we are aware and listen.” —Willie Frank, Sr. Nisqually State Park forest. Credit: HRA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 5 PART 1: FOUNDATION. .11 Purpose and Guiding Principles . .12 Interpretive Goals . 12 Desired Outcomes . .13 Themes. 14 Setting and Connections to Regional Interpretive Sites . 16 Issues and Influences Affecting Interpretation . .18 PART 2: RECOMMENDATIONS . .21 Introduction . 22 Recommended Approach . .22 Recommended Actions and Benchmarks . 26 Interpretive Media Recommendations . 31 Fixed Media Interpretation . .31 Digital Interpretation . 31 Personal Services . 32 Summary . 33 PLANNING RESOURCES . 34 HRA Project Team . 35 Interpretive Planning Advisory Group and Planning Meeting Participants . .35 Acknowledgements . 35 Definitions . 35 Select Interpretation Resources. 36 Select Management Documents . 36 Select Topical Resources. 36 APPENDICES Appendix A: Interpretive Theme Matrix Appendix B: Recommended Implementation Plan Appendix C: Visitor Experience Mapping INTRODUCTION Nisqually State Park welcome sign includes Nisqually design elements and Lushootseed language translation. Credit: HRA Nisqually State Park | Interpretive Plan | October 2020 5 The Nisqually River is a defining feature of Nisqually State Park. According to the late Nisqually historian Cecelia Svinth Carpenter, “The Nisqually River became the thread woven through the heart and fabric of the Nisqually Indian people.” —Carpenter, The Nisqually People, My People.
    [Show full text]
  • Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation a Report By, Jacques Marc
    Underwater Archaeological Society of British Columbia Vol. 33 No. 4 Last Quarter Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation A Report by, Jacques Marc The UASBC made a trip to Sturt Bay on Texada Island on October 15th 2017 to investigate three wrecks located by the Canadian Hydrographic Service during survey operations in the fall of 2016. Wreck coordinates and images were provided by Duncan Havens, a Multidisciplinary Hydrographer of the Canadian Hydrographic Service Canadian Hydrographic Multi-beam survey showing the three wrecks in Sturt Bay. Courtesy Canadian Hydrographic Service The least depth coordinates 49 45 .801N by 124 33 .657 W provided by CHS, put us on the stern of the wreck. TheOur tide first height dive wasat the completed time of our on dive Wreck was #1 5.3 which feet. Onlies this on Scotttide the Rock stern at the of theentrance wreck to was Sturt in 40Bay. feet of water found the barge to be 46 meters (151 ft) long by 13 meters (42.6 ft) wide. The barge is made of steel with low and the bow was in 90 feet of water. The wreck was identified as a steel open deck barge. Survey measurements Continued on page 2 Page 1 Texada Island - Sturt Bay Shipwreck Investigation(cont’d) sidewalls along the deck and was most likely used for gravel or other material, but could also have been used to transport equipment. The barge is almost identical in construction and design to the barge in the photo below. Https://commons.wikimedia.org Utility barge at Anchor, Powell River BC by its skegs.
    [Show full text]
  • Industrial Minerals-Mines, Quarries, and General Resources in Kansas 2008
    Industrial Minerals-Mines, Quarries, and General Resources in Kansas 2008 Lawrence L. Brady Kansas Geological Survey 1930 Constant Avenue Lawrence, Kansas 66047 Telephone (785) 864-2159 Fax (785) 864-5317 E-mail lbrady@ kgs.k u.edu Kansas Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-24 ABSTRACT Industrial mineral production in Kansas based on tonnage mainly involves those commodities that are important to the construction industry. Among those commodities with large tonnage are sand and gravel and stone—both crushed and dimension, mainly limestone but also with a limited amount of sandstone. Sand and gravel are obtained primarily from pits in western Kansas and from pits and dredging in rivers and floodplains in the central and eastern part of the state. Crushed stone for aggregates and for use in cement production is mainly from limestone units of Pennsylvanian age in eastern Kansas, and the dimension stone is now cut from Lower Permian limestone units. Outstanding buildings in the past were also constructed from limestone rocks from Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian and Upper Cretaceous limestone units. Clay and shale from Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous units are used for manufacture of structural clay products, brick, and lightweight aggregate and in Portland and masonry cement manufacture. Salt is a major industrial mineral important to the state. It is produced from the thick Hutchinson Salt Member in the Lower Permian Wellington Formation that is present in the subsurface in a large part of central Kansas. The salt is mined by room-and-pillar methods at three locations, and salt is also produced by solution mining from four different brine fields.
    [Show full text]
  • British Columbia Mine Accident Index (Updated 13 Nov 2013) A0128 Sherard Collection
    Canada - British Columbia Mine Accident Index (updated 13 Nov 2013) A0128 Sherard Collection. Russell L. & Lyn Wood Mining History Archive, Arthur Lakes Library, Colorado School of Mines Years covered: 1878-1972 Sources 3 Coal Creek Mine Disaster, 1902. Coalking.ca (website). 4 1887 Nanaimo Mine Disaster. Rootsweb.com (website). 7 Coal Miner's Memorial, Michel-Natal & Sparwood, BC. Tripod.com (website). 8 British Columbia Annual Reports, vols. 1874-2000. 9 Annual Reports of the Mines Branch, Province of British Columbia. 10 Lists of Fatalities in Vancouver Island Coal Mines. Mordenmine.com (website). METAL SOURCE DATE NAME AGE MINE / COLLIERY /COAL F/N /PAGE 1893FEB11 (CHINAMAN) PROTECTION ISLAND Shaft c F 1103 1886DEC28 ABERNETHY, JOHN NANAIMO c N 247 1901FEB15 ABO, CHIZOZA UNION C F 1217 1939JUL12 ACHESON, JAMES B Acheson & Sons (Atlin) M F A153 1888JAN24 ACK WELLINGTON c F 338 1917APR14 ACORN, A L LeROI (ROSSLAND) M N 374 1902AUG28 ACQUILANTI, JOSEPH EXTENSION C N H282 1904FEB3 ACQUILANTI, JOSEPH EXTENSION C F G290 1911SEP30 ADAM, R CUMBERLAND No.5 C N 281 1917AUG30 ADAMANTI, F BLUEBELL (AINSWORTH) M F 374 1899JUL13 ADAMS, DOUGALD CROW'S NEST C N 840 1919JAN3 ADAMS, G C SURF INLET M N 292 1902OCT22 ADAMS, HARRY LeROI (ROSSLAND) M N H260 1906JUN14 ADAMS, JAMES WAKEFIELD (SILVERTON) M F 218 1893NOV1 ADAMS, JOHN WELLINGTON c N 1104 1895OCT3 ADAMS, JOHN UNION c N 723 1913DEC11 ADAMS, LEONARD GRANBY (PHOENIX) M N 327 1888DEC18 ADAMS, THOMAS WELLINGTON c N 389 1929JUN15 ADAMSKI, JOHN COAL CREEK (Fernie) C F C412 1895MAY3 ADAMSON, DAVID WELLINGTON
    [Show full text]