Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Third Session
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Third Session Select Special Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner S
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Third Session Select Special Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner Search Committee Wednesday, May 24, 2017 6:27 p.m. Transcript No. 29-3-4 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Third Session Select Special Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner Search Committee Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (ND), Chair Malkinson, Brian, Calgary-Currie (ND), Deputy Chair Ellis, Mike, Calgary-West (PC) Gill, Prab, Calgary-Greenway (PC)* Horne, Trevor A.R., Spruce Grove-St. Albert (ND) Kleinsteuber, Jamie, Calgary-Northern Hills (ND) Littlewood, Jessica, Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville (ND) Pitt, Angela D., Airdrie (W) van Dijken, Glenn, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock (W) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (ND) * substitution for Mike Ellis Support Staff Robert H. Reynolds, QC Clerk Shannon Dean Law Clerk and Director of House Services Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Stephanie LeBlanc Parliamentary Counsel and Legal Research Officer Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Cheryl Scarlett Director of Human Resources, Information Technology and Broadcast Services Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard May 24, 2017 Ombudsman and Public Interest Commissioner Search OM-15 6:27 p.m. Wednesday, May 24, 2017 to move in camera. All those in favour? Any opposed? That motion Title: Wednesday, May 24, 2017 om is carried. The committee will move in camera. [Mr. Shepherd in the chair] [The committee met in camera from 6:29 p.m. -
Volume 3 2019 Provincial General Election Report
VOLUME III ELECTION FINANCES 2019 GENERAL ELECTION A REPORT OF THE CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER www.elections.ab.ca Images furnished by: Cover – Gorodenkoff | Adobe Stock Page 18 – Skeeze | Pixabay.com Page 31 – Markus Spiske | Unsplash.com All other images are property of Elections Alberta or from within the Public Sphere. elections.ab.ca July 2020 Mr. Joseph Schow, Chair Standing Committee on Legislative Offices 6th Floor, Federal Building Suite 100 11510 Kingsway NW 9820 107 Street NW Edmonton, Alberta Canada T5G 2Y5 Edmonton, Alberta T5K 1E7 Tel | 780.427.7191 Fax | 780.422.2900 Dear Mr. Schow: [email protected] I have the honour and privilege to submit the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer on the 2019 Provincial General Election: Volume III in accordance with the provisions of section 4(2) of the Election Finances and Contributions Disclosure Act (EFCDA). Volume III presents information on the financial activities of political participants relating to the election event under the EFCDA. Volumes I and II were released on March 16, 2020: • Volume I provides information on conducting the election event, statistics, costs of the event and recommendations under the Election Act. • Volume II comprises poll-by-poll results and polling subdivision maps from all 87 electoral divisions. Should you require additional information or clarification on anything contained in the Report, I would be pleased to respond. Sincerely, Glen Resler, CPA, CMA Chief Electoral Officer CONTENTS 1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................... -
Executive Director's Report
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT Meetings with Members of Government: Over the period of August 2015 to October 2015 I met with the following: Hon. Lori Sigurdson, Minister of Innovation & Advanced Education & Minister of Skills, Training, Jobs and Labour; Hon. Ifran Sabir, Minister of Human Services; and Hon. David Eggen, Minister of Education & Minister of Culture and Tourism. Meetings with Members of the Legislative Assembly: MLA Denise Woollard, Edmonton-Mill Creek; MLA Trevor Horne, Spruce Grove-St. Albert; MLA David Shepherd, Edmonton-Centre; MLA Derek Fildebrandt, Strathmore-Brooks; MLA Grant Hunter, Cardston Taber Warner; and MLA Rick McIver, Leader, Progressive Conservatives. Meetings with Member Boards, Partners and Colleagues: Meeting with Wild Rose School Division; Meeting with Northern Gateway Public Schools; Meeting with Fort Vermillion School Division; Ellen Hambrook, Assistant Deputy Minister, Education; Gareth Thomson, ACEE; Les Hagen, WELLNESS Alberta; Student Leadership Planning Committee; Maureen Towns, Consultant; Dr. Marvin Washington; Larry Huber, Executive Director, Public Section, Saskatchewan School Boards’ Association; Jeremy Nolais, Press Secretary, Minister of Education; Maureen Gough, Legislative and Outreach Assistant, Wildrose Party Other events / meetings / educational matters: Meeting with Alberta Education regarding Provincial Bargaining Model; Presentation to Nellie McClung Grade Nine Students regarding Lobbying; ASBA Day for Advocacy; READ IN Week at Oliver School; Pink Tea with Laurie Blakeman and Nellie McClung Students; and Premier Notley State of the Province Address. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT NOVEMBER 2015 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S REPORT Strategic Communications Plan: Key Messages (attached) The attached Key Messages were derived from the Association’s DRAFT 2015 – 2018 Work Plan and reflect the conversations of Members during the April 2015 and August 2015 Association Work Plan sessions. -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Fourth Session
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Legislative Offices Tuesday, October 2, 2018 9:02 a.m. Transcript No. 29-4-4 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Legislative Offices Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (NDP), Chair Malkinson, Hon. Brian, Calgary-Currie (NDP), Deputy Chair Littlewood, Jessica, Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville (NDP), Acting Deputy Chair Aheer, Leela Sharon, Chestermere-Rocky View (UCP) Gill, Prab, Calgary-Greenway (Ind) Horne, Trevor A.R., Spruce Grove-St. Albert (NDP) Kleinsteuber, Jamie, Calgary-Northern Hills (NDP) McKitrick, Annie, Sherwood Park (NDP) Payne, Brandy, Calgary-Acadia (NDP)* Pitt, Angela D., Airdrie (UCP) van Dijken, Glenn, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock (UCP) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (NDP) * substitution for Brian Malkinson Also in Attendance Cooper, Nathan, Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills (UCP) Legislative Officers Jill Clayton Information and Privacy Commissioner Del Graff Child and Youth Advocate Glen Resler Chief Electoral Officer Marianne Ryan Ombudsman, Public Interest Commissioner Marguerite Trussler, QC Ethics Commissioner W. Doug Wylie Auditor General Office of the Chief Electoral Officer Participant Drew Westwater Deputy Chief Electoral Officer Support Staff Shannon Dean Law Clerk, Director of House Services, and Acting Clerk, Procedure Stephanie LeBlanc Senior Parliamentary Counsel Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Lyndsay Tischer Manager of Human Resource Services Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard October 2, 2018 Legislative Offices LO-423 9:02 a.m. -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Fourth Session
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Families and Communities Public Sector Compensation Transparency Act Review Thursday, December 20, 2018 2 p.m. Transcript No. 29-4-12 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Families and Communities Goehring, Nicole, Edmonton-Castle Downs (NDP), Chair Smith, Mark W., Drayton Valley-Devon (UCP), Deputy Chair Loyola, Rod, Edmonton-Ellerslie (NDP), Acting Chair* Drever, Deborah, Calgary-Bow (NDP) Fitzpatrick, Maria M., Lethbridge-East (NDP)** Fraser, Rick, Calgary-South East (AP) Goodridge, Laila, Fort McMurray-Conklin (UCP) Hinkley, Bruce, Wetaskiwin-Camrose (NDP) Luff, Robyn, Calgary-East (Ind) McKitrick, Annie, Sherwood Park (NDP) Miller, Barb, Red Deer-South (NDP) Orr, Ronald, Lacombe-Ponoka (UCP) Renaud, Marie F., St. Albert (NDP) Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (NDP) Swann, Dr. David, Calgary-Mountain View (AL) Turner, Dr. A. Robert, Edmonton-Whitemud (NDP)*** Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (NDP) Yao, Tany, Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo (UCP) * substitution for Nicole Goehring ** substitution for Annie McKitrick *** substitution for Deborah Drever Support Staff Shannon Dean Law Clerk, Executive Director of House Services, and Acting Clerk, Procedure Stephanie LeBlanc Senior Parliamentary Counsel Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard December 20, 2018 Families and Communities FC-1033 2 p.m. -
Review of the Missing Persons Act
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA Standing Committee on Families and Communities Review of the Missing Persons Act Twenty-Ninth Legislature Fourth Session May 2018 Standing Committee on Families and Communities 3rd Floor, Edmonton Federal Building 9820 – 107 Street Edmonton AB T5K 1E4 780.644.8621 [email protected] STANDING COMMITTEE ON FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES May 2018 To the Honourable Robert Wanner Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Alberta I have the honour of submitting, on behalf of the Standing Committee on Families and Communities, the Committee’s final report on the Review of the Missing Persons Act. Sincerely, [original signed by] Nicole Goehring, MLA Chair, Standing Committee on Families and Communities c. Mr. Robert Reynolds, Q.C. Clerk of the Legislative Assembly TABLE OF CONTENTS MEMBERS OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES ... 3 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... 5 2.0 COMMITTEE MANDATE .......................................................................................... 7 3.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 8 4.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... 9 5.0 CONSULTATION AND REVIEW PROCESS.......................................................... 10 6.0 COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................... -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Fourth Session
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Families and Communities Missing Persons Act Review Friday, April 27, 2018 9 a.m. Transcript No. 29-4-11 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Families and Communities Goehring, Nicole, Edmonton-Castle Downs (NDP), Chair Smith, Mark W., Drayton Valley-Devon (UCP), Deputy Chair Carson, Jonathon, Edmonton-Meadowlark (NDP)* Dach, Lorne, Edmonton-McClung (NDP)** Drever, Deborah, Calgary-Bow (NDP) Ellis, Mike, Calgary-West (UCP) Fraser, Rick, Calgary-South East (AP) Hinkley, Bruce, Wetaskiwin-Camrose (NDP) Luff, Robyn, Calgary-East (NDP) McKitrick, Annie, Sherwood Park (NDP) Miller, Barb, Red Deer-South (NDP) Orr, Ronald, Lacombe-Ponoka (UCP) Renaud, Marie F., St. Albert (NDP) Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (NDP) Swann, Dr. David, Calgary-Mountain View (AL) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (NDP) Yao, Tany, Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo (UCP) * substitution for Marie Renaud ** substitution for Barb Miller Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner Participants LeRoy Brower Assistant Commissioner Kim Kreutzer Work Director, Knowledge Management Support Staff Robert H. Reynolds, QC Clerk Shannon Dean Law Clerk and Director of House Services Stephanie LeBlanc Senior Parliamentary Counsel Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard Standing Committee on Families and Communities Participant Ministry of Justice and Solicitor General Kelly Hillier, Barrister and Solicitor, Legislative Reform April 27, 2018 Families and Communities FC-1027 9 a.m. -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Legislative Offices
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Legislative Offices Election Commissioner Search Wednesday, April 4, 2018 6:30 p.m. Transcript No. 29-4-2 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Fourth Session Standing Committee on Legislative Offices Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (NDP), Chair Malkinson, Brian, Calgary-Currie (NDP), Deputy Chair Aheer, Leela Sharon, Chestermere-Rocky View (UCP) Drever, Deborah, Calgary-Bow (NDP) Gill, Prab, Calgary-Greenway (UCP) Horne, Trevor A.R., Spruce Grove-St. Albert (NDP) Kleinsteuber, Jamie, Calgary-Northern Hills (NDP) Littlewood, Jessica, Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville (NDP) Nielsen, Christian E., Edmonton-Decore (NDP)* Pitt, Angela D., Airdrie (UCP) van Dijken, Glenn, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock (UCP) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (NDP) * substitution for Deborah Drever Legislative Officers Jill Clayton Information and Privacy Commissioner Del Graff Child and Youth Advocate Glen Resler Chief Electoral Officer Marianne Ryan Ombudsman, Public Interest Commissioner Merwan Saher Auditor General Marguerite Trussler, QC Ethics Commissioner Support Staff Robert H. Reynolds, QC Clerk Shannon Dean Law Clerk and Director of House Services Stephanie LeBlanc Senior Parliamentary Counsel Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Cheryl Scarlett Director of Human Resources, Information Technology and Broadcast Services Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard April 4, 2018 Legislative Offices LO-415 6:30 p.m. -
Journals 2015
JOURNALS FIRST SESSION OF THE TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATURE OF THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA 2015 PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY HON. ROBERT E. WANNER, SPEAKER VOLUME CXXIV JOURNALS OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA OF THE TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATURE __________ FROM JUNE 11, 2015, TO MARCH 7, 2016 (BOTH DATES INCLUSIVE) IN THE SIXTY-FOURTH YEAR OF THE REIGN OF OUR MOST SOVEREIGN LADY HER MAJESTY QUEEN ELIZABETH II BEING THE FIRST SESSION OF THE TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA __________ SITTINGS JUNE 11, 2015, TO JUNE 25, 2015 OCTOBER 26, 2015, TO DECEMBER 10, 2015 __________ 2015 __________ PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY HON. ROBERT E. WANNER, SPEAKER VOLUME CXXIV SPRING SITTING JUNE 11, 2015, TO JUNE 25, 2015 JOURNALS OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA FIRST SESSION TWENTY-NINTH LEGISLATURE Thursday, June 11, 2015 This being the first Day of the First Session of the Twenty-Ninth Legislative Assembly of the Province of Alberta, for the despatch of business pursuant to a Proclamation of His Honour Colonel (Retired) the Honourable Donald S. Ethell, OC, OMM, AOE, MSC, CD, LLD, Lieutenant Governor, dated the 3rd day of June in the year of our Lord Two Thousand Fifteen; The Clerk of the Legislative Assembly read the Proclamation as follows: [GREAT SEAL] CANADA COLONEL (RETIRED) DONALD S. ETHELL, PROVINCE OF ALBERTA Lieutenant Governor. ELIZABETH THE SECOND, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, Canada, and Her Other Realms and Territories, QUEEN, -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature First Session
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature First Session Standing Committee on Resource Stewardship Ministry of Municipal Affairs Consideration of Main Estimates Tuesday, November 3, 2015 3:30 p.m. Transcript No. 29-1-4 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature First Session Standing Committee on Resource Stewardship Goehring, Nicole, Edmonton-Castle Downs (ND), Chair Loewen, Todd, Grande Prairie-Smoky (W), Deputy Chair Aheer, Leela Sharon, Chestermere-Rocky View (W) Babcock, Erin D., Stony Plain (ND) Clark, Greg, Calgary-Elbow (AP) Dang, Thomas, Edmonton-South West (ND) Drysdale, Wayne, Grande Prairie-Wapiti (PC) Horne, Trevor A.R., Spruce Grove-St. Albert (ND) Kazim, Anam, Calgary-Glenmore (ND) Kleinsteuber, Jamie, Calgary-Northern Hills (ND) MacIntyre, Donald, Innisfail-Sylvan Lake (W) Rosendahl, Eric, West Yellowhead (ND) Stier, Pat, Livingstone-Macleod (W) Sucha, Graham, Calgary-Shaw (ND) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (ND) Also in Attendance Anderson, Wayne, Highwood (W) Cyr, Scott J., Bonnyville-Cold Lake (W) McKitrick, Annie, Sherwood Park (ND) Turner, Dr. A. Robert, Edmonton-Whitemud (ND) van Dijken, Glenn, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock (W) Support Staff W.J. David McNeil Clerk Robert H. Reynolds, QC Law Clerk/Director of Interparliamentary Relations Shannon Dean Senior Parliamentary Counsel/ Director of House Services Philip Massolin Manager of Research Services Stephanie LeBlanc Legal Research Officer Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Giovana Bianchi Committee Clerk Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications and Broadcast Services Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard Standing Committee on Resource Stewardship Participants Ministry of Municipal Affairs Hon. -
Legislative Assembly of Alberta the 29Th Legislature Third Session Select Special Auditor General Search Committee
Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Third Session Select Special Auditor General Search Committee Thursday, November 9, 2017 5 p.m. Transcript No. 29-3-3 Legislative Assembly of Alberta The 29th Legislature Third Session Select Special Auditor General Search Committee Shepherd, David, Edmonton-Centre (NDP), Chair Malkinson, Brian, Calgary-Currie (NDP), Deputy Chair Cyr, Scott J., Bonnyville-Cold Lake (UCP) Gill, Prab, Calgary-Greenway (UCP) Horne, Trevor A.R., Spruce Grove-St. Albert (NDP) Kleinsteuber, Jamie, Calgary-Northern Hills (NDP) Littlewood, Jessica, Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville (NDP) van Dijken, Glenn, Barrhead-Morinville-Westlock (UCP) Woollard, Denise, Edmonton-Mill Creek (NDP) Public Service Commission Participants Gail Batog Consultant, Executive Search Trish Mills Director, Executive Search Support Staff Robert H. Reynolds, QC Clerk Shannon Dean Law Clerk and Director of House Services Trafton Koenig Parliamentary Counsel Stephanie LeBlanc Parliamentary Counsel Philip Massolin Manager of Research and Committee Services Sarah Amato Research Officer Nancy Robert Research Officer Corinne Dacyshyn Committee Clerk Jody Rempel Committee Clerk Aaron Roth Committee Clerk Karen Sawchuk Committee Clerk Rhonda Sorensen Manager of Corporate Communications Jeanette Dotimas Communications Consultant Tracey Sales Communications Consultant Janet Schwegel Managing Editor of Alberta Hansard Transcript produced by Alberta Hansard November 9, 2017 Auditor General Search AG-7 5 p.m. Thursday, November 9, 2017 Ms Rempel: Jody Rempel, committee clerk, Legislative Assembly Title: Thursday, November 9, 2017 ag17 Office. [Mr. Shepherd in the chair] The Chair: Excellent. The Chair: All right. Well, let’s call our meeting of the Select We have our agenda. Will we have a member that would like to Special Auditor General Search Committee to order. -
April 11, 2016 Mr. David Shepherd, MLA Chair, Standing Committee On
April 11, 2016 Mr. David Shepherd, MLA Chair, Standing Committee on Legislative Offices c/o Jody Rempel 3rd Floor, Federal Building 9820 107 Street Edmonton, AB T5K 1E7 Dear Mr. Shepherd: I have the privilege to submit to you the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer on the May 5, 2015 Provincial General Election, in accordance with section 4(5) of the Election Act. Should you require any additional information or clarification on anything contained in the Report, I would be pleased to respond. Sincerely, Glen Resler, CPA, CMA Chief Electoral Officer Table of Contents Remarks of the Chief Electoral Officer ............................................................................ 1 Section 1: Provincial General Election 2015............................................................... 5 Overview .............................................................................................................. 7 Key Dates............................................................................................................. 7 Communications................................................................................................... 8 Pre-Election Outreach .......................................................................................... 9 Political Party and Campaign Outreach.............................................................. 11 Election Period Outreach.................................................................................... 12 Legislative and Procedural Changes .................................................................