Waveplates Intro Windows

� � Technical Notes ...... 222 Selection Guide ...... 225 � Prisms Multiple Order...... 226 θ �

�� Zero Order Lenses Crystal Quartz ...... 228

Mica ...... 230 Mirrors Polymer...... 231 Beamsplitters First Order ...... 232 Dual Wavelength ...... 233 Waveplates Achromatic Air-Spaced...... 234 Polarizers Polymer ...... 236

Polarization Rotators ...... 237 Components Ultrafast Etalons Filters Interferometer Accessories

�� Mounts Appendix

�� Index �� Waveplates Intro Technical Notes

Waveplates operate by imparting unequal The slow and fast axis phase shifts are � � Windows phase shifts to orthogonally polarized field given by:

components of an incident wave. This φs ω ω π λ λ = ns ( ) t/c = 2 ns ( )t/ � causes the conversion of one polarization φf = nf (ω)ωt/c = 2πnf (λ)t/λ

Prisms state into another. where ns and nf are, respectively, the θ � indices of refraction along the slow and There are two cases: �� fast axes, and t is the thickness of the

Lenses With linear birefringence, the index of waveplate. refraction and hence phase shift differs for two orthogonally polarized linear To further analyze the effect of a waveplate, polarization states. This is the operation we throw away a phase factor lost in Mirrors Figure 1. Orientation of the slow and fast axes measuring intensity, and assign the entire mode of standard waveplates. of a waveplate with respect to an X-polarized phase delay to the slow axis: input field. With circular birefringence, the index of iφ refraction and hence phase shift differs E2 = s(s · E1)e + f(f · E1) For a half waveplate:

Beamsplitters φ = φ - φ = 2π(n (λ) - n (λ))t/λ 2 for left and right circularly polarized s f s f φ = (2m + 1)π, T|| = cos 2θ, and = 2π∆n(λ)t/λ 2 components. This is the operation mode of T⊥ = sin 2θ. This transmission result is the polarization rotators. In the above, ∆n(λ) is the birefringence same as if an initial linearly polarized wave

Waveplates θ n (λ) - n (λ). The dispersion of the were rotated through an angle 2 . Thus, a Standard Waveplates: s f birefringence is very important in half waveplate finds use as a polarization Linear Birefringence waveplate design; a quarter waveplate at rotator.

Polarizers Suppose a waveplate made from a uniaxial a given wavelength is never exactly a half For a quarter waveplate: material has light propagating perpendicular waveplate at half that wavelength. φ = (2m + 1)π/2; ie. an odd multiple of to the optic axis. This makes the field π/2. To analyze this, we have to go back to Let E1 be initially polarized along X, and let Ultrafast component parallel to the optic axis an Components the waveplate slow axis make an angle θ the field equation. Assume that the slow extraordinary wave and the component with the X-axis. This orientation is shown and fast axis unit vectors s and f form a right perpendicular to the optic axis an ordinary in Figure 1. handed coordinate system such that s x f =

Etalons wave. If the crystal is positive uniaxial, n e +z, the direction of propagation. To obtain > n , then the optic axis is called the slow o When the waveplate is placed between circularly polarized light, linearly polarized axis, which is the case for crystal quartz. parallel and perpendicular polarizers the light must be aligned midway between

Filters For negative uniaxial crystals, n < n , the e o transmissions are given by: the slow and fast axes. There are four optic axis is called the fast axis. 2 2 2 possibilities listed in the table below. T|| ∝ |E2x| = 1 - sin 2θsin φ/2 The equation for the transmitted field E , in 2 2 2 2 T⊥ ∝ |E2y| = sin 2θsin φ/2 Input Field Input Field terms of the incident field E1 is: Along Along Accessories

Interferometer Phase Shift (s + f)/√2 (s - f)/√2 iφs iφf Note that θ is only a function of the E2 = s(s · E1)e + f(f · E1)e waveplate orientation, and φ is only φ = π/2 + 2mπ RCP LCP where s and f are unit vectors along the a function of the wavelength, the φ = 3π/2 + 2mπ LCP RCP Mounts slow and fast axes. This equation shows birefringence is a function of wavelength explicity how the waveplate acts on Sometimes, waveplates described by and the plate thickness. the field. Reading from left to right, the the second line above are called 3/4 waveplate takes the component of the For a full waveplate: waveplates. For multiple order waveplates, Appendix

input field along its slow axis and appends φ = 2mπ, T|| = 1, and T⊥ = 0, regardless of CVI permits the use of either of the the slow axis phase shift to it. It does a waveplate orientation. above classes of waveplates to satisfy the

Index similar operation to the fast component. requirements of a quarter waveplate.

222 Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com Waveplates Intro Technical Notes Windows Multiple Order Waveplates or broad bandwidth sources (example: CVI’s line of MWPS Series Mica Waveplates femtosecond lasers). A zero order are an inexpensive zero order waveplate For the full, half, and quarter waveplate waveplate can greatly improve the useful solution. They are useful in low power

examples given in the preceeding section, Prisms bandwidth in a compact, high damage applications and in detection schemes. the order of the waveplate is given by the threshold device. integer m. For m > 0, the waveplate is Polymer Waveplates termed a multiple order waveplate. For As an example, consider the design of Polymer waveplates offer excellent angular Lenses m = 0, we have a zero order waveplate. a broadband half waveplate centered field-of-view since they are true zero-order at 800nm. Maximum tuning range is The birefringence of crystal quartz waveplates. Figure 4 compares the change obtained if the plate has a single π phase near 500nm is approximately 0.00925. in retardance as a function of incidence Mirrors shift at 800nm. If made from a single plate Consider a 0.5mm thick crystal quartz angle for polymer and quartz waveplates. of crystal quartz, the waveplate would be waveplate. A simple calculation shows A polymer waveplate changes by less than

about 45µm thick, which is too thin for Beamsplitters that this is useful as a quarter waveplate 1% over a ±10° incidence angle. easy fabrication and handling. The solution for 500nm; in fact, it is a 37 λ/4 waveplate is to take two crystal quartz plates differing Retardance accuracy with wavelength at 500nm with m = 18. Multiple order in thickness by 45 µm and align them with change is often of key concern. For waveplates are inexpensive, high damage Waveplates the slow axis of one against the fast axis example, an off-the-shelf diode laser has threshold retarders. Further analysis shows of the other. The net phase shift of this a center wavelength tolerance of ±10nm. that this same 0.5mm plate is a 19 λ/2 zero order waveplate is π. The two plates Changes with temperature and drive half waveplate at 488.2nm and a 10λ full may be either air-spaced or optically conditions cause wavelength shifts which Polarizers waveplate at 466.5nm. The transmission contacted. The transmission of an 800nm may alter performance. These polymer of this plate between parallel polarizers zero order half waveplate between parallel waveplates maintain excellent waveplate is shown in Figure 2 as a function of performance even with minor shifts in the Components

polarizers is shown in Figure 3 using a Ultrafast wavelength. The retardance of the plate 0-10% scale. Its extinction is better than source wavelength. at various key points is shown. Note 100:1 over a bandwidth of about 95nm how quickly the retardance changes with �� centered at 800nm. �� wavelength. Because of this, multiple order Etalons �� waveplates are generally useful only at their CVI produces multiple order and zero �� design wavelength. order crystal quartz waveplates at any ��

�� wavelength between 193nm and 2100nm. �� Zero Order Waveplates �� Filters Virtually all popular laser wavelengths are �� As discussed above, multiple order kept in stock, and custom wavelength parts � �� Interferometer

waveplates are not useful with tunable are available with short delivery time. Accessories Figure 4. Retardance vs. Incidence Angle for Quartz and Polymer waveplates.

�� λ � λ � λ The temperature sensitivity of laminated �� Mounts �� polymer waveplates is about 0.15 nm/°C,

�� allowing operation over moderate λ λ λ λ λ ��

��

� temperature ranges without significantly Appendix ��

�� degrading retardance accuracy. A

λ λ �� λ� �� comparison of different waveplate types � � �� and their dependence on wavelength is ��

shown in figure 5 on the next page. Index Figure 2. Transmission of a 0.5 mm thick crystal Figure 3. Zero order crystal quartz half quartz waveplate between parallel polarizers. waveplate for 800nm. continued

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�� Three wavelength ranges are available in Dual Wavelength Waveplates �� Windows �� both quarter and half wave retardances. Dual wavelength waveplates are used in

�� Retardation tolerance is better than λ/100 �� a number of applications. One common over the entire wavelength range. We application is separation of different �� Prisms �� plot the intensity transmission and the wavelengths with a polarization beam

�� actual phase shift for each design versus �� splitter by rotating the polarization of one wavelength on page 235. ��λ�λ�� l wavelength by 90°, and leaving the other Lenses Figure 5. Wavelength performance of common For quarter waveplates, perfect retardance unchanged. This frequently occurs in quarter wave retarders. is a multiple of 0.25 waves, and nonlinear doubling or tripling laser sources transmission through a linear polarizer such as Nd:YAG (1064/532/355/266). First Order Waveplates Mirrors must be between 33% and 67%. (In CVI’s QWPD line of dual wavelength At only 100 microns thick, CVI’s QWPF all but the shortest wavelength design, waveplates achieves the multiple First Order Waveplates are the optimal quarter wave retardation tolerance is retardation specifications through careful choice for telecom and commercial DVD better than λ/100.) For half waveplates, selection of multiple order waveplates Beamsplitters applications. They are designed to retard perfect retardance is 0.5 waves, while which meet both wavelength and linearly polarized light at 0.5, 0.75, and perfect transmission through a linear retardation conditions. This often results 0.875 waves at 1550nm, 1585nm, and polarizer parallel to the initial polarization in the selection of a relatively high Waveplates other specified wavelengths. state should be zero. The curves on page order waveplate. Therefore, the QWPD 235 demonstrate the high degree of Achromatic Waveplates l operates best over a narrow bandwidth achromatization achievable by the dual and temperature range. Polarizers At 500 nm, a crystal quartz zero order material design. In addition, we manage half waveplate has a retardation tolerance low group velocity dispersion for ultrashort Another approach is to combine two of λ/50 over a bandwidth of about 50nm. pulse applications through the use of thin quartz waveplates with their optical axes

Ultrafast This increases to about 100nm at a center plates. orthogonal to one another, effectively Components wavelength of 800nm. A different design creating a zero order waveplate. In �� which corrects for dispersion differences this configuration, the temperature Etalons over the wavelength range is required for �� dependence is a function of the thickness bandwidths up to 300nm. difference between the waveplates, �� resulting in excellent temperature If two different materials are used to �� Filters stability. The retardation of the create a zero or low order waveplate, �� compound waveplate is also a function cancellation can occur between the �� of the thickness difference enabling wide dispersions of the two materials. Thus, �� bandwidth performance. Call CVI for the net birefringent phase shift can be Accessories

Interferometer more information held constant over a much wider range Figure 6. ACWP-400-700-10-2 than in waveplates made from one material. CVI’s ACWP series achromatic Mounts waveplates comprises crystal quartz and magnesium fluoride to achieve achromatic performance. Appendix Index

224 Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com Waveplates and Rotators Intro Selection Guide Windows Operating Retardation Typical Product Type Conditions Tolerance Bandwidth

2 Multiple Order Waveplates, 10J/cm , 20ns, 20Hz; λ/200 - λ/500 < 2nm Prisms Quartz 1MW/cm2, CW at at 23ºC at 532nm QWPM 1064nm l 226 Lenses

Zero Order Waveplates, 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; λ/200 - λ/500 80nm Quartz 1MW/cm2, CW at at 23ºC at 800nm QWPO 1064nm Mirrors l 228

Zero Order Waveplates, Not Rated λ/20 typical 10nm Beamsplitters Mica at 633nm MWPS l 230 Waveplates

Zero Order Waveplates, 500W/cm2 CW λ/350 80nm Polymer 600mJ/cm2 20ns, visible at 800nm PWPS 4J/cm2 20ns, 1064nm l 231 Polarizers

First Order 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; λ/200 - λ/600 100nm Components

Waveplates 1MW/cm2, CW at at 23ºC at 1550nm Ultrafast QWPF 1064nm l 232 Etalons Dual Wavelength 2J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; λ/100 Call CVI with Waveplates 500kW/cm2, CW at at 23ºC typical wavelength pair QWPD 1064nm desired l 233 Filters

Achromatic Waveplates, 2J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; λ/100 at 300nm

2 Interferometer

Air-Spaced 500kW/cm , CW at 500nm typical at 850nm Accessories ACWP 1064nm l 234

Achromatic Waveplates, 500W/cm2 CW λ/100 200nm Mounts Polymer 300mJ/cm2 10ns, visible at 720nm PAWP 500mJ/cm2 10ns, 1064nm l 236 Appendix

Polarization 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; ±0.50º rotation Generally for single line application. Rotators 1MW/cm2, CW at Rotation varies smoothly with RT 1064nm wavelength. Call CVI for rotation at Index l 237 adjoining wavelengths.

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Intro QWPM

�� Substrate Material Crystal quartz �� Windows �� Surface Quality 10-5 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430 Diameter Tolerance + 0.00mm, - 0.25mm Parallelism ≤ 0.5 arc seconds �� Prisms Retardation Tolerance λ/200 - λ/500 at 23ºC

�� Antireflection Coating R ≤ 0.25% per surface Contact a CVI applications Transmitted Wavefront Distortion λ/10 at 633nm

Lenses engineer for OEM mirror mounts Damage Threshold 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; 1MW/cm2, CW at 1064nm and system integrations capabilities First order and low order multiple CVI’s QWPM waveplates provide Waveplates can be ordered mounted or order waveplates available l QWPF Mirrors retardation at a single wavelength. unmounted and fit directly into Series Integer number of full waves 1100, 1200, 1300 Rotary Mounts 339. + desired net retardarion Specify QWPM waveplates for fixed l Polarization control for single wavelength laser sources using the If your application has a working wavelength sources ordering block on the following page. temperature range of greater than +/-3 Beamsplitters Rotary mounts available 339 l degrees, we suggest the QWPO Zero Order waveplate found on page 228. Waveplates Polarizers Ultrafast Components Etalons Filters Accessories Interferometer Waveplate Protective Ring Mounts and Rotary Mounts Waveplate Waveplate Ring Mount Ring Mount Ring Mount Ring Mount Compatible Diameter Diameter Code Code Clear Aperture OD Thickness Rotary Mount

Mounts 10.0mm 04 R10 0.316" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 0.500" 05 R10 0.425" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 15.0mm 06 R10 0.500" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 20.0mm 08 R10 0.590" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 Appendix 1.000" 10 R15 0.850" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 30.0mm 12 R15 1.000" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 1.500" 15 R20 1.275" 2.000" 0.250" 1200-20

Index 2.000" 20 R30 1.700" 3.000" 0.250" 1300-30

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How To Order QWPM 1550 06 2 R10 Prisms Product Code QWPM

Wavelength nm Lenses 193 257 364 527 670 795 870 1064 1300 1900 213 266 400 532 694 800 950 1070 1315 2020 225 308 442 543 755 810 1030 1080 1319 Mirrors 244 325 488 589 775 830 1047 1090 1550 248 355 515 633 780 850 1053 1110 1850 Beamsplitters Waveplate Dimension Code Waveplate Dimension Use Optional Ring Mount 02 5.0mm x 5.0mm na 04 10.0mm Ø R10

05 0.500" Ø R10 Waveplates 06 15.0mm Ø R10 08 20.0mm Ø R10 09 25.0mm Ø R15 Polarizers 10 1.000" Ø R15 12 30.0mm Ø R15

15 1.500" Ø R20 Components Ultrafast 20 2.000" Ø R30

Retardation Code Retardation in Waves 1* 1.000 Etalons 2 0.500 4 0.250 8* 0.125 Filters Ring Mount Code (optional) Ring Mount Outside Diameter (tolerance ± 0.005”) R10 1.000" Interferometer

R15 1.500" Accessories R20 2.000" R30 3.000" * special request Mounts Appendix Index

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Intro QWPO

�� Substrate Material Crystal quartz ��

Windows �� Surface Quality 10-5 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430

�� Diameter Tolerance + 0.00mm, - 0.25mm

�� Parallelism ≤ 0.5 arc seconds �� Prisms Retardation Tolerance λ/200 - λ/500 at 23ºC

�� Antireflection Coating R ≤ 0.25% per surface Single submultiple 2π phase Transmitted Wavefront Distortion λ/10 at 633nm

Lenses retardation Damage Threshold 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; 1MW/cm2, CW at 1064nm Excellent temperature stability Wide tunability about design Zero order waveplates are the preferred For Ultra-violet Applications wavelength solution for applications with a

Mirrors High UV energies can separate optically Damage threshold > 10J/cm2, temperature range of greater than 6° or a contacted waveplates. Therefore, CVI 20ns pulse at 1064nm wavelength range greater than 2nm. recommends QWPO-AS Air-Spaced Zero Contact a CVI applications Compound zero order waveplates provide Order Waveplates for wavelengths shorter engineer for OEM mirror mounts retardations that are a single submultiple Beamsplitters and system integrations capabilities than 248nm and repetition rates higher of 2π in phase, therefore providing for Rotary mounts available 339 than 1KHz. l excellent temperature stability and wide tunability about the design wavelength. Retardation is dramatically affected by Waveplates temperature changes, especially in the CVI offers QWPO zero order waveplates deep ultra-violet range. Please call to in three different options: optically discuss specifications for waveplates

Polarizers contacted, contacted in a ring mount, or designed for wavelengths shorter than air spaced in a ring mount. Unmounted 248nm. and ring mounted waveplates fit directly

Ultrafast into Series 1100, 1200, and 1300 Rotary Components Mounts l 339.

Waveplate Protective Ring Mounts and Rotary Mounts Etalons Waveplate Waveplate Ring Mount Ring Mount Ring Mount Ring Mount Compatible Diameter Diameter Code Code Clear Aperture OD Thickness Rotary Mount Contacted Waveplates

Filters 10.0mm 04 R10 0.316" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 0.500" 05 R10 0.425" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 15.0mm 06 R10 0.500" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 20.0mm 08 R10 0.590" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 1.000" 10 R15 0.850" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 Accessories Interferometer 30.0mm 12 R15 1.000" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 1.500" 15 R20 1.275" 2.000" 0.250" 1200-20 2.000" 20 R30 1.700" 3.000" 0.250" 1300-30

Mounts Air-Spaced Waveplates 0.500" 05 AS10 0.425" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 15.0mm 06 AS10 0.500" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 20.0mm 08 AS10 0.590" 1.000" 0.250" 1100-10 Appendix 1.000" 10 AS15 0.850" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 30.0mm 12 AS15 1.000" 1.500" 0.250" 1200-15 1.500" 15 AS20 1.275" 2.000" 0.250" 1200-20

Index 2.000" 20 AS30 1.700" 3.000" 0.250" 1300-30

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How To Order QWPO 1550 10 4 R15 Prisms Product Code QWPO

Wavelength nm Lenses 193 266 400 532 694 800 950 1070 1315 1900 213 308 442 543 755 810 1030 1080 1319 2020

244 325 488 589 775 830 1047 1090 1550 Mirrors 248 355 515 633 780 850 1053 1110 1850 257 364 527 670 795 870 1064 1300 Beamsplitters

Waveplate Optional Contacted Air-Spaced Waveplate Dimension Code Dimension Ring Mount Ring Mount 04 10.0mm Ø R10 na Waveplates 05 0.500" Ø R10 AS10 06 15.0mm Ø R10 AS10 08 20.0mm Ø R10 AS10

10 1.000" Ø R15 AS15 Polarizers 12 30.0mm Ø R15 AS15 15 1.500" Ø R20 AS20

20 2.000" Ø R30 AS30 Components Ultrafast

Retardation Code Retardation in Waves 1* 1.000 2 0.500 Etalons 4 0.250 8* 0.125

Options (Optional on Contacted, Required on Air-Spaced) Ring Mount Outside Diameter (tolerance ± 0.005”) Filters Air-Spaced AS10 1.000" Interferometer AS15 1.500" Accessories AS20 2.000" AS30 3.000" Contacted in Ring Mount Mounts R10 1.000" R15 1.500" R20 2.000" Appendix R30 3.000" * special request Index

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Intro MWPS

Substrate Material Mica and BK7 glass

Windows Surface Quality 60-40 per MIL-PRF-13830B

� Diameter Tolerance + 0.00mm, - 0.25mm Retardation Tolerance λ/20

Prisms Thickness 2.0-3.0mm

�� Antireflection Coating R ≤ 0.5% per surface �� Low cost mica plates laminated Transmitted Wavefront Distortion 1λ at 633nm Lenses between two glass substrates Clear Aperture Exceeds central 85% of dimension Other wavelengths and diameters are available Rotary mounts and polarizer

Mirrors CVI’s line of MWPS Series Mica between protective BK7 glass discs and adapters available l 339 Waveplates are an inexpensive zero order antireflection coated at user specified waveplate solution. They are useful in wavelengths. Indicator dots are marked low power applications, stress analyzers, on the front surface to identify crystal

Beamsplitters helium neon lasers, and in detection optic fast axis orientation. schemes. Mica sheets are cemented Waveplates

Polarizers How To Order MWPS 488 10 2 R15 Ultrafast

Components Product Code MWPS

Wavelength nm Etalons 488 532 780 830 904 1300 515 633 800 850 1064 1550

Filters Waveplate Dimension Code Waveplate Dimension Ring Mount 05 0.500" Ø R10 10 1.000" Ø R15 20 2.000” Ø R30 Accessories

Interferometer 30 3.000” Ø R40

Retardation Code Retardation in Waves

Mounts 2 0.500 4 0.250

Ring Mount Code (Optional) Ring Mount Outside Diameter (tolerance ± 0.005”)

Appendix R10 1.000" R15 1.500" R30 3.000"

Index R40 4.000”

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�� Retarder Material Birefringent polymer

�� Substrate Material BK7 glass Retardance λ/4 or λ/2 Prisms �� Retardance Accuracy ≤ λ/350 Surface Quality 40-20

�� Beam Deviation ≤ 1 arc min

�� Ring Mount Diameter 1.00” Ø Lenses �� Ring Diameter Tolerance ± 0.005" ��λ/λ�� Retardation vs. Relative Wavelength of Temperature Range -20ºC to +50ºC

Quarter-Wave PWPS Waveplate Mirrors Antireflection Coating R < 0.5% at normal incidence, per surface Transmitted Wavefront Distortion ≤ λ/5 at 633nm �� Damage Threshold 500W/cm2 CW Beamsplitters 2 �� 500mJ/cm 20ns, visible 3J/cm2 20ns, 1064nm �� Waveplates

�� Polymer waveplates are good for low wavelength may shift. Polymer waveplates energy applications or where dispersion are not recommended for applications �� 2 �� is of concern. Polymer zero-order above 500mJ/cm in the visible range

��λ/λ�� 2

waveplates are less sensitive to incidence or above 3J/cm in the near infrared. Polarizers Retardation vs. Relative Wavelength of angle than either multiple- or compound Temperature dependence is 0.15nm/°C. Half-Wave PWPS Waveplate zero-order quartz waveplates. The

birefringence of the polymer is nearly Call CVI for pricing and availability of 2” Components Ultrafast Better angular acceptance than constant with wavelength, an advantage and 3” diameter parts as well as custom compound Zero Order quartz in applications where the source retadations and wavelengths. waveplates

Lower dispersion than quartz Etalons waveplates Lower temperature dependence than quartz waveplates How To Order PWPS 633 10 2 Custom wavelengths readily available Filters from 400-1800nm Larger sizes available up to 6” Ø Interferometer

Product Code Accessories PWPS

Wavelength in nm

532 670 830 1550 Mounts 633 780 1064

Waveplate Diameter Code Outside Ø Clear Aperture 05 1.00" 0.40” Appendix 10 1.00" 0.70”

Retardation Code Retardation in Waves

2 0.50 Index 4 0.25

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Intro QWPF

�� Substrate Material Crystal Quartz �� Windows �� Surface Quality 10-5 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430

� ��

λ Dimension 1mm square to 50mm Ø round �� Dimension Tolerance ± 0.10mm to 0.25mm �� Prisms �� Parallelism < 0.5 arc sec �� Retardation Values λ/2, 3/4 λ, 7/8 λ, or other user specified values �� Retardation Tolerance λ/200 to λ/600 ��

�� Lenses �� Wavelength C band 1529-1561nm �� L band 1561-1620nm Retardation vs. Wavelength of QWPF Waveplate and user specified wavelengths at C band. λ 2 Mirrors Transmitted Wavefront Distortion /20 p-v per mm at 633nm 1/2 wave, 3/4 wave, 7/8 wave Clear Aperture 85% to 100% retardations Beamsplitters

Application examples Waveplates CVI QWPF Series first order waveplates λ/100 over 1529nm-1561nm C band or are optically active crystal quartz 1561nm-1620nm L band wavelengths. waveplates designed to retard linearly QWPF waveplates have been designed Polarizers polarized light at 0.5, 0.75, 0.875 waves specifically for use with DWDM variable and other user specified retardations. attenuators, circulators, and analyzers, They incorporate low loss, ultra hard and may be used in combination with Ultrafast

Components CVI AR coatings with less than 0.5 CVI’s PBS polarizing beamsplitter cubes arc seconds of surface parallelism to form optical circulators. Specify �� to deliver an extinction ratio greater QWPF waveplates using the ordering Etalons Optical Circulator comprised of QWPF than 30dB. The waveplates also have blocks below. Series Half Waveplate and Birefringent Beam a retardation tolerance better than Displacer. Filters Accessories Interferometer �� How To Order QWPF 1550 3.0 2.0 2 �� Mounts Product Code �� Wavelength in nm QWPF Series Quarter Waveplates and Half

Appendix Waveplate used in Continuous Polarization Length in mm Controller configuration. Width in mm

Index Retardation in Waves

232 QWPF Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com QWPD Dual Wavelength Waveplates Intro Windows

Precise polarization control for Substrate Material Crystal quartz dual wavelength sources Surface Quality 10-5 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430 Multiple order waveplates for Diameter Tolerance + 0.00mm, - 0.25mm narrow bandwidth applications Prisms Parallelism ≤ 0.5 arc seconds Optional ring mount Retardation Tolerance λ/100 at 23ºC typical prevents breakage and fits easily into lens or mirror mount Antireflection Coating per surface, see chart below Lenses Other wavelength and retardation Transmitted Wavefront Distortion λ/10 at 633nm combinations available Damage Threshold 2J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; 500kW/cm2, CW at 1064nm Rotary mounts available l 339 Mirrors

How To Order QWPD 532-2-355-1 05 R10 Beamsplitters

Product Code

QWPD Waveplates

Wavelength Combination λ1 (nm) λ1 retardation λ2 (nm) λ2 retardation 355-2-532-1 355 λ/2 532 λ

355-2-1064-1 355 λ/2 1064 λ Polarizers 532-2-266-1 532 λ/2 266 λ 532-2-355-1 532 λ/2 355 λ Components

532-2-1064-1 532 λ/2 1064 λ Ultrafast 1064-2-266-1 1064 λ/2 266 λ 1064-2-355-1 1064 λ/2 355 λ 1064-2-532-1 1064 λ/2 532 λ Etalons

Waveplate Dimension Code Waveplate Dimension Use Optional Ring Mount 05 0.500" Ø R10 10 1.000" Ø R15 Filters

Ring Mount Code (Optional) Ring Mount Outside Diameter (tolerance ± 0.005”) R10 1.000" Interferometer Accessories R15 1.500"

Dual Wavelength Waveplates

Wavelength 1 Wavelength 1 Wavelength 1 Wavelength 2 Wavelength 2 Wavelength 2 Mounts Part Number (nm) Retardation AR Coating (nm) Retardation AR Coating QWPD-355-2-532-1 355 λ/2 R < 0.5% 532 λ R < 0.5% QWPD-355-2-1064-1 355 λ/2 R < 1.3% 1064 λ R < 0.5% Appendix QWPD-532-2-266-1 532 λ/2 R < 0.3% 266 λ R < 0.6% QWPD-532-2-355-1 532 λ/2 R < 0.5% 355 λ R < 0.5% QWPD-532-2-1064-1 532 λ/2 R < 0.6% 1064 λ R < 0.3% QWPD-1064-2-266-1 1064 λ/2 R < 0.5% 266 λ R < 2.6% QWPD-1064-2-355-1 1064 λ/2 R < 0.5% 355 λ R < 1.3% Index QWPD-1064-2-532-1 1064 λ/2 R < 0.3% 532 λ R < 0.6%

Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com QWPD 233 Achromatic, Air-Spaced

Intro ACWP

Substrate Material Crystal quartz and MgF2 Windows Surface Quality 20-10 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430 �� Retardation Tolerance λ/100 at 500nm Transmission T > 98% Prisms �� Transmitted Wavefront Distortion λ/4 at 633nm Damage Threshold 2J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; 500kW/cm2, CW at 1064nm

Lenses Application examples: OPOs, At 500 nm, a crystal quartz zero order over the entire wavelength range. spectophotometry, femtosecond half waveplate has a 1% polarization state Following the product table below, we pulses, and continuum generation purity bandwidth of about 50nm. This plot the intensity transmission and the High energy air-spaced design

Mirrors increases to about 100nm at a center actual phase shift for each design versus Achromatic over extremely broad ranges wavelength of 800nm. However, there is wavelength. For quarter waveplates, Quarter and half wave a waveplate design that can give an even perfect retardance is a multiple of 0.25 retardances available larger bandwidth. waves, and transmission for 3% purity

Beamsplitters Rotary mounts available 339 through a linear polarizer must be l If two different materials are used to between 33% and 67%. (In all but the create a zero or low order waveplate, shortest wavelength design, quarter wave cancellation can occur between the Waveplates retardance yields better than 1% purity.) dispersions of the two materials. This For half waveplates, perfect retardance requires a judicious choice of thicknesses. is 0.5 waves, and perfect transmission The net birefringent phase shift can be Polarizers through a linear polarizer parallel to held constant over a much wider range the intitial polarization state should than in waveplates made from one be zero. The curves on the following material. In the ACWP Series Achromatic

Ultrafast page demonstrate the high degree of Components Waveplates, crystal quartz and MgF2 achromatization achievable by the dual plates are used in a high power, air- material design. In addition, our use of spaced design.

Etalons thin plates of low dispersion material Three wavelength ranges are available in assures low group velocity dispersion in both quarter and half wave retardances. ultrashort pulse applications.

Filters Polarization purity is better than 30:1 Accessories Interferometer Achromatic Waveplates Wavelength Housing Housing Clear Part Number Range (nm) Retardation Diameter OD Thickness T Aperture CA

Mounts Achromatic Quarter Waveplates ACWP-400-700-10-4 400-700 λ/4 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm ACWP-700-1000-10-4 700-1000 λ/4 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm ACWP-1000-1600-10-4 1000-1600 λ/4 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm Appendix Achromatic Half Waveplates ACWP-400-700-10-2 400-700 λ/2 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm ACWP-700-1000-10-2 700-1000 λ/2 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm

Index ACWP-1000-1600-10-2 1000-1600 λ/2 1.500" 0.500" 22.0mm

234 ACWP Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com ACWP Achromatic, Air-Spaced Intro Windows ACWP Series Quarter Waveplates ACWP Series Half Waveplates

�� Prisms �� Lenses

�� Mirrors

��

�� Beamsplitters ��

ACWP-400-700-10-4 ACWP-400-700-10-2 Waveplates

�� Polarizers ��

�� Components Ultrafast �� Etalons ��

ACWP-700-1000-10-4 ACWP-700-1000-10-2 Filters

�� Interferometer �� Accessories �� Mounts

��

�� Appendix

��

�� Index

ACWP-1000-1600-10-4 ACWP-1000-1600-10-2

Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com ACWP 235 Achromatic, Polymer

Intro PAWP

Retarder Material Birefringent polymer stack

Windows Substrate Material BK7 glass Retardance Accuracy ≤ λ/100 Surface Quality 40-20

Prisms ≤ �� Beam Deviation 1 arc min Ring Mount Diameter 1.00” Ø Ring Diameter Tolerance ± 0.005"

��λ/λ � Lenses � Temperature Range -20ºC to +50ºC

Retardation vs. Relative Wavelength of Antireflection Coating 0.5% at normal incidence, per surface Half-Wave PAWP Waveplate Transmitted Wavefront Distortion ≤ λ/4 p-v at 633nm 2 �� Damage Threshold 500W/cm CW Mirrors 300mJ/cm2 10ns, visible 2 �� 500mJ/cm 10ns, 1064nm

Beamsplitters �� Achromatic polymer waveplates are good excellent choice for applications requiring

�� for low energy applications or where broadwavelength use. Achromatic �� Waveplates ��λ/λ�� dispersion is of concern. Achromatic polymer waveplates are not recommended 2 Retardation vs. Relative Wavelength of polymer zero-order waveplates are less for applications above 300mJ/cm in the Quarter-Wave PAWP Waveplate sensitive to incidence angle than quartz visible range or above 500mJ/cm2 in the

Polarizers multiple- or compound zero-order near infrared. Temperature dependence waveplates. Achromatic waveplates are an is 0.15nm/°C. Broad spectral range Superior field of view, ± 5° Ultrafast λ Components Retardance accurate to /100 Custom center wavelengths and larger sizes are available upon request. Etalons

Standard Operating How To Order PAWP 720 10 4 Wavelength Range 545nm 485-630nm Filters 630nm 555-730nm 720nm 630-835nm Product Code 840nm 735-985nm PAWP 1060nm 920-1240nm Accessories

Interferometer 1400nm 1200-1650nm Wavelength in nm 545 720 1060 630 840 1400 Mounts Waveplate Diameter Code Outside Ø Clear Aperture 05 1.00" 0.40” 10 1.00" 0.70” Appendix Retardation Code Retardation in Waves 2 0.50

Index 4 0.25

236 PAWP Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com RT Polarization Rotators Intro Windows

Substrate Material Crystal quartz

� Surface Quality 10-5 CVI Laser Quality defined on page 430 Diameter Tolerance + 0.00mm, - 0. 25mm Prisms Parallelism ≤ 0.5 arc seconds Rotation Tolerance ±0.50º of rotation Alignment-insensitive single wavelength rotator Clear Aperture Exceeds central 85% of dimension Lenses Based on optical activity of Antireflection Coating R ≤ 0.25%, per surface crystal quartz Transmitted Wavefront see table Other wavelengths and sizes are Damage Threshold 10J/cm2, 20ns, 20Hz; 1MW/cm2, CW at 1064nm

readily available Mirrors

These rotators have the outstanding feature specified wavelengths. Crystalline quartz that their alignment is not a function of their rotators based on circular birefringence are Beamsplitters rotation. They are simply placed in the very convenient high damage threshold beam at normal incidence. CVI has a range devices. They are useful over a narrow of standard wavelength 45° and 90° rotators band of wavelengths centered at the design Waveplates and can quickly fabricate rotators at user wavelength. Polarizers Components Ultrafast Etalons Filters

Crystal Quartz Polarization Rotators Interferometer Wavelength Diameter Part Number Trans. Wavefront Part Number Trans. Wavefront Accessories (nm) D 45° p-v @ 633nm 90° p-v @ 633nm 248 1.000" RT-10-248-45 λ/10 RT-10-248-90 λ/10 266 1.000" RT-10-266-45 λ/10 RT-10-266-90 λ/10

355 1.000" RT-10-355-45 λ/10 RT-10-355-90 λ/10 Mounts 527 1.000" RT-10-527-45 λ/10 RT-10-527-90 λ/10 532 1.000" RT-10-532-45 λ/10 RT-10-532-90 λ/10 633 1.000" RT-10-633-45 λ/10 RT-10-633-90 λ/10 Appendix 755 1.000" RT-10-755-45 λ/10 RT-10-755-90 λ/10 800 1.000" RT-10-800-45 λ/10 RT-10-800-90 λ/10 850 1.000" RT-10-850-45 λ/10 RT-10-850-90 λ/10 1030 1.000" RT-10-1030-45 λ/10 RT-10-1030-90 λ/10 Index 1053 1.000" RT-10-1053-45 λ/10 RT-10-1053-90 λ/6 1064 1.000" RT-10-1064-45 λ/10 RT-10-1064-90 λ/6

Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com RT 237 Notes Intro Windows Prisms Lenses Mirrors Beamsplitters Waveplates Polarizers Ultrafast Components Etalons Filters Accessories Interferometer Mounts Appendix Index

238 Americas (505) 296-9541 | Europe +44 (0) 1624 647000 | Asia +82 (0) 32 673-6114 | Order now at www.cvilaser.com