P1.3 the Impact of Landfall on Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Winds
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Hurricane Outer Rainband Mesovortices
Presented at the 24th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 31 2000 EXAMINING THE PRE-LANDFALL ENVIRONMENT OF MESOVORTICES WITHIN A HURRICANE BONNIE (1998) OUTER RAINBAND 1 2 2 1 Scott M. Spratt , Frank D. Marks , Peter P. Dodge , and David W. Sharp 1 NOAA/National Weather Service Forecast Office, Melbourne, FL 2 NOAA/AOML Hurricane Research Division, Miami, FL 1. INTRODUCTION Tropical Cyclone (TC) tornado environments have been studied for many decades through composite analyses of proximity soundings (e.g. Novlan and Gray 1974; McCaul 1986). More recently, airborne and ground-based Doppler radar investigations of TC rainband-embedded mesocyclones have advanced the understanding of tornadic cell lifecycles (Black and Marks 1991; Spratt et al. 1997). This paper will document the first known dropwindsonde deployments immediately adjacent to a family of TC outer rainband mesocyclones, and will examine the thermodynamic and wind profiles retrieved from the marine environment. A companion paper (Dodge et al. 2000) discusses dual-Doppler analyses of these mesovortices. On 26 August 1998, TC Bonnie made landfall as a category two hurricane along the North Carolina coast. Prior to landfall, two National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division (HRD) aircraft conducted surveillance missions offshore the Carolina coast. While performing these missions near altitudes of 3.5 and 2.1 km, both aircraft were required to deviate around intense cells within a dominant outer rainband, 165 to 195 km northeast of the TC center. On-board radars detected apparent mini-supercell signatures associated with several of the convective cells along the band. -
Historical Changes in the Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands and the Roles of Extreme Storms, Sea Level, and Human Activities
HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE MISSISSIPPI-ALABAMA BARRIER ISLANDS AND THE ROLES OF EXTREME STORMS, SEA LEVEL, AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES Robert A. Morton 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞20'0"N Horn Island 30∞20'0"N Petit Bois Island 30∞16'0"N 30∞16'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 2005 2005 1996 Dauphin Island 1996 2005 1986 1986 30∞16'0"N Kilometers 30∞14'0"N 0 1 2 3 4 5 1966 30∞16'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1950 Kilometers 1917 0 1 2 3 4 5 1917 1848 1849 30∞14'0"N 30∞14'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞10'0"N 30∞10'0"N 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W 30∞16'0"N Cat Island Ship Island 30∞16'0"N 2005 30∞14'0"N 1996 30∞14'0"N 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞14'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1917 1848 Fort 2005 Massachusetts 1995 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞12'0"N 1950 30∞12'0"N 1917 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 1848 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W Open-File Report 2007-1161 U.S. -
The Lagrange Torando During Vortex2. Part Ii: Photogrammetry Analysis of the Tornado Combined with Dual-Doppler Radar Data
6.3 THE LAGRANGE TORANDO DURING VORTEX2. PART II: PHOTOGRAMMETRY ANALYSIS OF THE TORNADO COMBINED WITH DUAL-DOPPLER RADAR DATA Nolan T. Atkins*, Roger M. Wakimoto#, Anthony McGee*, Rachel Ducharme*, and Joshua Wurman+ *Lyndon State College #National Center for Atmospheric Research +Center for Severe Weather Research Lyndonville, VT 05851 Boulder, CO 80305 Boulder, CO 80305 1. INTRODUCTION studies, however, that have related the velocity and reflectivity features observed in the radar data to Over the years, mobile ground-based and air- the visual characteristics of the condensation fun- borne Doppler radars have collected high-resolu- nel, debris cloud, and attendant surface damage tion data within the hook region of supercell (e.g., Bluestein et al. 1993, 1197, 204, 2007a&b; thunderstorms (e.g., Bluestein et al. 1993, 1997, Wakimoto et al. 2003; Rasmussen and Straka 2004, 2007a&b; Wurman and Gill 2000; Alexander 2007). and Wurman 2005; Wurman et al. 2007b&c). This paper is the second in a series that pre- These studies have revealed details of the low- sents analyses of a tornado that formed near level winds in and around tornadoes along with LaGrange, WY on 5 June 2009 during the Verifica- radar reflectivity features such as weak echo holes tion on the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Exper- and multiple high-reflectivity rings. There are few iment (VORTEX 2). VORTEX 2 (Wurman et al. 5 June, 2009 KCYS 88D 2002 UTC 2102 UTC 2202 UTC dBZ - 0.5° 100 Chugwater 100 50 75 Chugwater 75 330° 25 Goshen Co. 25 km 300° 50 Goshen Co. 25 60° KCYS 30° 30° 50 80 270° 10 25 40 55 dBZ 70 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 ms-1 Fig. -
Desoto's Seafood Kitchen
beachin’August 2019 LIFE ON THE ALABAMA GULF COAST LET YOUR STYLE ROAR With Disney’s The Lion King Collection by Pandora © 2019 Pandora Jewelry, LLC • All rights reserved • The Lion King © 2019 Disney DIAMOND JEWELERS GULF SHORES 251-967-4141 DIAMONDJEWELERS.NET 10583120 2 Beachin’ ● August 2019 August 2019 ● Beachin’ 3 4 Beachin’ ● August 2019 August 2019 ● Beachin’ 5 6 Beachin’ ● August 2019 August 2019 ● Beachin’ 7 beachin’ A specialty publication of Gulf Coast Media about the cover contents publisher Parks Rogers Blue skies and the bright summer sun greets Too Close for Comfort [email protected] visitors to Alabama’s Gulf Coast. Kick back and enjoy the beautiful view. Hurricane Barry August 2019 2019 August August beachin’2019 August LIFE ON THE ALABAMA GULF COAST managing editor Photo by Jack Swindle Allison Marlow [email protected] 16 design and layout Paige Marmolejo [email protected] Sands of Time advertising Charter boat fishing begins LouAnn Love [email protected] 251.943.2151 Frank Kustura [email protected] 24 251.923.8129 feature Bethany Randall [email protected] Beach Happenings 251.266.9982 story August events and activities Beachin’ magazine is published Bushwackers at the beach monthly by Gulf Coast Media, 901 N. McKenzie Street, Foley, AL 36535 251.943.2151 Try one or try them all, just don’t Distributed free by The Alabama Gulf Coast Convention & Visitor’s Bureau and at other miss this “must do” summer drink 28 locations throughout Gulf Shores, Orange Beach and Fort Morgan. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited. 10 Nature Gulf Coast Media accepts no responsibility in the guarantee of goods Green Sea Turtles visit Alabama and services advertised herein. -
Hurricane Danny
HURRICANE TRACKING ADVISORY eVENT™ Hurricane Danny Information from NHC Advisory 10, 5:00 PM EDT Thursday August 20, 2015 Danny is moving toward the west-northwest near 10 mph and this general motion is expected to continue into Saturday. Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 80 mph with higher gusts. Some additional strengthening is forecast during the next 24 hours, but a weakening trend is expected to begin after that. Intensity Measures Position & Heading U.S. Landfall (NHC) Max Sustained Wind 80 mph Position Relative to 1030 miles E of the Lesser Speed: (category 1) Land: Antilles Est. Time & Region: n/a Min Central Pressure: 990 mb Coordinates: 13.0 N, 45.7 W Trop. Storm Force Est. Max Sustained Wind 60 miles Bearing/Speed: WNW or 295 degrees at 10 mph n/a Winds Extent: Speed: Forecast Summary The current NHC forecast map (below left) shows Danny moving toward the Lesser Antilles over the next few days at hurricane strength and then weakening to a tropical storm on Sunday. The windfield map (below right) is based on the NHC’s forecast track and shows Danny maintaining category 1 hurricane strength through Sunday, with 74 – 95 mph winds, and then weakening to a tropical storm by Tuesday. To illustrate the uncertainty in Danny’s forecast track, forecast tracks for all current models are shown on the map in pale gray. Forecast Track for Hurricane Danny Forecast Windfield for Hurricane Danny (National Hurricane Center) (Based on NHC at 12:00 UTC) from Kinetic Analysis Corp. Pittsburgh Washington D.C. Cincinnati US ! D Trop Dep Ï TD TS !S Ï Trop Storm Cat 1 !1 Ï Cat 1 Nassau Havana TropicTropic ofof CancerCancer MX CU Santo Domingo DO Port-au-PrinceSan Juan Kingston 08-25 08-24 HN 08-23 Fort-De-France 08-22 NI Castries 08-21 Managua Willemstad Caracas 08-20 CR CR Maracaibo Port0 of Spain250 500 1,000 San Jose CO Miles PA VEVE PA Panama GY GY © Copyright 2015 Willis Limited / Willis Re Inc. -
Skip Talbot Photography by Jennifer Brindley
STORM SPOTTING Skip Talbot SECRETS Photography by Jennifer Brindley Ubl and others Topics • Supercell Visualization • Radar Presentation • Structure Identification • Storm Properties • Walk Through Disclaimers • Attend spotter training • Your safety is more important than spotting, photos, video, or tornado reports Supercell Visualization Lemon and Doswell 1979 Supercell Visualization Supercell Visualization Photo: Chris Gullikson Supercell Visualization Photo: Chris Gullikson Anvil Anvil Backshear Mammatus Cumulonimbus Flanking Line Cloud Base Striations Precipitation Wall Cloud Precipitation-free Base Supercell Visualization Radar Presentation Classic Hook Echo Radar Presentation Android / iOS Android Windows GrLevel3 / GrLevel2 Radar Presentation Classic Hook Echo Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Storm Spotting Zoo • Bear’s Cage • Whale’s Mouth • Beaver Tail • Horseshoe • Ghost Train Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe - Cyclical supercell with multiple tornadoes HorseshoeHorseshoe HorseshoeHorseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe – Anticyclonic Funnel Horseshoe Horseshoe – Anticyclonic Funnel Horseshoe - No Wall Cloud Horseshoe - No Wall Cloud -
US Landfalling and North Atlantic Hurricanes
44 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 140 U.S. Landfalling and North Atlantic Hurricanes: Statistical Modeling of Their Frequencies and Ratios GABRIELE VILLARINI Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, and Willis Research Network, London, United Kingdom GABRIEL A. VECCHI NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey JAMES A. SMITH Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey (Manuscript received 10 March 2011, in final form 11 July 2011) ABSTRACT Time series of U.S. landfalling and North Atlantic hurricane counts and their ratios over the period 1878– 2008 are modeled using tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST), tropical mean SST, the North At- lantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Two SST input datasets are employed to examine the uncertainties in the reconstructed SST data on the modeling results. Because of the likely un- dercount of recorded hurricanes in the earliest part of the record, both the uncorrected hurricane dataset (HURDAT) and a time series with a recently proposed undercount correction are considered. Modeling of the count data is performed using a conditional Poisson regression model, in which the rate of occurrence can depend linearly or nonlinearly on the climate indexes. Model selection is performed following a stepwise approach and using two penalty criteria. These results do not allow one to identify a single ‘‘best’’ model because of the different model configurations (different SST data, corrected versus uncorrected datasets, and penalty criteria). Despite the lack of an objectively identified unique final model, the authors recommend a set of models in which the parameter of the Poisson distribution depends linearly on tropical Atlantic and tropical mean SSTs. -
Mid-Latitude Dynamics and Atmospheric Rivers Session: Theory, Structure, Processes 1 Jason M
Mid-Latitude Dynamics and Atmospheric Rivers Session: Theory, Structure, Processes 1 Jason M. Cordeira Wednesday, 10 August 2016 Plymouth State University, CW3E/Scripps Contribution from: Heini Werni Peter Knippertz Harold Sodemann Andreas Stohl Francina Dominguez Huancui Hu 2016 International Atmospheric Rivers Conference 8–11 August 2016 Scripps Institution of Oceanography Objective and Outline Objective • What components of midlatitude circulation support formation and structure of atmospheric rivers? Outline • Part 1: ARs, midlatitude storm track, and cyclogenesis • Part 2: ARs, tropical moisture exports, and warm conveyor belt Objective and Outline Objective • What components of midlatitude circulation support formation and structure of atmospheric rivers? Outline • Part 1: ARs, midlatitude storm track, and cyclogenesis • Part 2: ARs, tropical moisture exports, and warm conveyor belt Mimic TPW (SSEC/Wisconsin) • Global water vapor distribution is concentrated at lower latitudes owing to warmer temperatures • Observations illustrate poleward extrusions of water vapor along “tropospheric rivers” or “atmospheric rivers” Zhu and Newell (MWR-1998) • >90% of meridional water vapor transports occurs along ARs • ARs part of midlatitude cyclones and move with storm track Climatology of Water Vapor Transport Global mean IVT 150 kg m−1 s−1 • ECMWF ERA Interim Reanalysis • Oct–Mar 99/00 to 08/09 (i.e., ten winters) • IVT calculated for isobaric layers between 1000 and 100 hPa Tropical–Extratropical Interactions Waugh and Fanutso (2003-JAS) Knippertz -
ESSENTIALS of METEOROLOGY (7Th Ed.) GLOSSARY
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.) GLOSSARY Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles (dust, smoke, etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, produce sulfate aerosols. Air density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by it. Air density is usually expressed as g/cm3 or kg/m3. Also See Density. Air pressure The pressure exerted by the mass of air above a given point, usually expressed in millibars (mb), inches of (atmospheric mercury (Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa). pressure) Atmosphere The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction. The earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas whose concentration is about 0.039 percent (390 ppm) in a volume of air near sea level. It is a selective absorber of infrared radiation and, consequently, it is important in the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. Solid CO2 is called dry ice. Climate The accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events over a long period of time. Front The transition zone between two distinct air masses. Hurricane A tropical cyclone having winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mi/hr). Ionosphere An electrified region of the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist. Lapse rate The rate at which an atmospheric variable (usually temperature) decreases with height. (See Environmental lapse rate.) Mesosphere The atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
Quasi-Linear Convective System Mesovorticies and Tornadoes
Quasi-Linear Convective System Mesovorticies and Tornadoes RYAN ALLISS & MATT HOFFMAN Meteorology Program, Iowa State University, Ames ABSTRACT Quasi-linear convective system are a common occurance in the spring and summer months and with them come the risk of them producing mesovorticies. These mesovorticies are small and compact and can cause isolated and concentrated areas of damage from high winds and in some cases can produce weak tornadoes. This paper analyzes how and when QLCSs and mesovorticies develop, how to identify a mesovortex using various tools from radar, and finally a look at how common is it for a QLCS to put spawn a tornado across the United States. 1. Introduction Quasi-linear convective systems, or squall lines, are a line of thunderstorms that are Supercells have always been most feared oriented linearly. Sometimes, these lines of when it has come to tornadoes and as they intense thunderstorms can feature a bowed out should be. However, quasi-linear convective systems can also cause tornadoes. Squall lines and bow echoes are also known to cause tornadoes as well as other forms of severe weather such as high winds, hail, and microbursts. These are powerful systems that can travel for hours and hundreds of miles, but the worst part is tornadoes in QLCSs are hard to forecast and can be highly dangerous for the public. Often times the supercells within the QLCS cause tornadoes to become rain wrapped, which are tornadoes that are surrounded by rain making them hard to see with the naked eye. This is why understanding QLCSs and how they can produce mesovortices that are capable of producing tornadoes is essential to forecasting these tornadic events that can be highly dangerous. -
Service Assessment Hurricane Irene, August
Service Assessment Hurricane Irene, August 21–30, 2011 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service Silver Spring, Maryland Cover Photographs: Top Left - NOAA GOES 13 visible image of Hurricane Irene taken at 12:32 UTC (8:32 a.m. EDT) on August 27, 2011, as it was moving northward along the east coast. Map of total storm rainfall for Hurricane Irene (NCEP/HPC) overlaid with photos of Hurricane Irene’s impacts. Clockwise from top right: • Damage to bridge over the Pemigewasset River/East Branch in Lincoln, NH (NH DOT) • Trees across road and utility lines in Guilford, CT (CT DEP) • Damage to homes from storm surge at Cosey Beach, East Haven, CT (CT DEP) • Flooding of Delaware River closes Rt. 29 in Trenton, NJ (State of New Jersey, Office of the Governor) • Damage from storm surge on North Carolina’s Outer Banks (USGS) • Damage to home from an EF1 tornado in Lewes, DE (Sussex County, DE EOC) • River flooding on Schoharie Creek near Lexington, NY (USGS) • Flood damage to historic covered bridge and road in Quechee, VT (FEMA) ii Service Assessment Hurricane Irene, August 21–30, 2011 September 2012 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Dr. Jane Lubchenco, Administrator National Weather Service Laura Furgione, Acting Assistant Administrator for Weather Services iii Preface On August 21-29, 2011, Hurricane Irene left a devastating imprint on the Caribbean and U.S. East Coast. The storm took the lives of more than 40 people, caused an estimated $6.5 billion in damages, unleashed major flooding, downed trees and power lines, and forced road closures, evacuations, and major rescue efforts.