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Historical Changes in the Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands and the Roles of Extreme Storms, Sea Level, and Human Activities
HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE MISSISSIPPI-ALABAMA BARRIER ISLANDS AND THE ROLES OF EXTREME STORMS, SEA LEVEL, AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES Robert A. Morton 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞20'0"N Horn Island 30∞20'0"N Petit Bois Island 30∞16'0"N 30∞16'0"N 30∞18'0"N 30∞18'0"N 2005 2005 1996 Dauphin Island 1996 2005 1986 1986 30∞16'0"N Kilometers 30∞14'0"N 0 1 2 3 4 5 1966 30∞16'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1950 Kilometers 1917 0 1 2 3 4 5 1917 1848 1849 30∞14'0"N 30∞14'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 30∞10'0"N 30∞10'0"N 88∞46'0"W 88∞44'0"W 88∞42'0"W 88∞40'0"W 88∞38'0"W 88∞36'0"W 88∞34'0"W 88∞32'0"W 88∞30'0"W 88∞28'0"W 88∞26'0"W 88∞24'0"W 88∞22'0"W 88∞20'0"W 88∞18'0"W 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W 30∞16'0"N Cat Island Ship Island 30∞16'0"N 2005 30∞14'0"N 1996 30∞14'0"N 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞14'0"N 1950 30∞14'0"N 1917 1848 Fort 2005 Massachusetts 1995 1986 Kilometers 1966 0 1 2 3 30∞12'0"N 1950 30∞12'0"N 1917 30∞12'0"N 30∞12'0"N 1848 89∞10'0"W 89∞8'0"W 89∞6'0"W 89∞4'0"W 88∞58'0"W 88∞56'0"W 88∞54'0"W 88∞52'0"W Open-File Report 2007-1161 U.S. -
Hurricane Danny
HURRICANE TRACKING ADVISORY eVENT™ Hurricane Danny Information from NHC Advisory 10, 5:00 PM EDT Thursday August 20, 2015 Danny is moving toward the west-northwest near 10 mph and this general motion is expected to continue into Saturday. Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 80 mph with higher gusts. Some additional strengthening is forecast during the next 24 hours, but a weakening trend is expected to begin after that. Intensity Measures Position & Heading U.S. Landfall (NHC) Max Sustained Wind 80 mph Position Relative to 1030 miles E of the Lesser Speed: (category 1) Land: Antilles Est. Time & Region: n/a Min Central Pressure: 990 mb Coordinates: 13.0 N, 45.7 W Trop. Storm Force Est. Max Sustained Wind 60 miles Bearing/Speed: WNW or 295 degrees at 10 mph n/a Winds Extent: Speed: Forecast Summary The current NHC forecast map (below left) shows Danny moving toward the Lesser Antilles over the next few days at hurricane strength and then weakening to a tropical storm on Sunday. The windfield map (below right) is based on the NHC’s forecast track and shows Danny maintaining category 1 hurricane strength through Sunday, with 74 – 95 mph winds, and then weakening to a tropical storm by Tuesday. To illustrate the uncertainty in Danny’s forecast track, forecast tracks for all current models are shown on the map in pale gray. Forecast Track for Hurricane Danny Forecast Windfield for Hurricane Danny (National Hurricane Center) (Based on NHC at 12:00 UTC) from Kinetic Analysis Corp. Pittsburgh Washington D.C. Cincinnati US ! D Trop Dep Ï TD TS !S Ï Trop Storm Cat 1 !1 Ï Cat 1 Nassau Havana TropicTropic ofof CancerCancer MX CU Santo Domingo DO Port-au-PrinceSan Juan Kingston 08-25 08-24 HN 08-23 Fort-De-France 08-22 NI Castries 08-21 Managua Willemstad Caracas 08-20 CR CR Maracaibo Port0 of Spain250 500 1,000 San Jose CO Miles PA VEVE PA Panama GY GY © Copyright 2015 Willis Limited / Willis Re Inc. -
Orleans Parish Hazard Mitigation Plan
Hazard Mitigation Plan City of New Orleans Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness January 7, 2021 1300 Perdido Street, Suite 9W03 (504) 658-8740 ready.nola.gov/hazard-mitigation DRAFT – January 7, 2020 1 Table of Contents Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 New Orleans Community Profile ...................................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 History of Orleans Parish ........................................................................................................... 12 1.1.3 Climate ....................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.4 Transportation ............................................................................................................................ 15 1.1.5 Community Assets ..................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.6 Land Use and Zoning ................................................................................................................. 18 1.1.7 Population .................................................................................................................................. 24 1.1.8 -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
Radar and Rain Gauge Analysis of the Extreme Rainfall During Hurricane Danny’S (1997) Landfall
MAY 2007 M E D L I N E T A L . 1869 Radar and Rain Gauge Analysis of the Extreme Rainfall during Hurricane Danny’s (1997) Landfall JEFFREY M. MEDLIN National Weather Service Forecast Office, Mobile, Alabama SYTSKE K. KIMBALL AND KEITH G. BLACKWELL Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama (Manuscript received 27 October 2005, in final form 20 June 2006) ABSTRACT As a minimal hurricane, Danny moved over Mobile Bay around 0900 UTC 19 July 1997 and became stationary by midmorning, while situated within a synoptic col. Danny then evolved into an asymmetric storm with an intensely convective rainband that produced torrential rainfall through 1200 UTC 20 July 1997. Danny’s center remained Ͻ100 km from the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Mobile, Alabama, for over 48 h, allowing long-term surveillance of the storm’s inner core. This event marked the first time the tropical Z–R relationship was employed on an operational WSR-88D system during tropical cyclone landfall. A radar-estimated maximum rainfall accu- mulation of 1097 mm (43.2 in.) was analyzed over southwestern Mobile Bay. A NWS cooperative rain gauge located on Dauphin Island, Alabama, measured 896 mm (35.28 in.). An adjacent standard rain gauge measured the highest rainfall amount of 932 mm (36.71 in.). This paper investigates the spatial and temporal distribution and potential magnitude of Danny’s torrential rainfall episode over coastal Alabama. It is shown that both gauges and radar seriously underestimated event rainfall. An estimate is given for what could have been the true event rainfall amount. -
A Classification Scheme for Landfalling Tropical Cyclones
A CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONES BASED ON PRECIPITATION VARIABLES DERIVED FROM GIS AND GROUND RADAR ANALYSIS by IAN J. COMSTOCK JASON C. SENKBEIL, COMMITTEE CHAIR DAVID M. BROMMER JOE WEBER P. GRADY DIXON A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Geography in the graduate school of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2011 Copyright Ian J. Comstock 2011 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Landfalling tropical cyclones present a multitude of hazards that threaten life and property to coastal and inland communities. These hazards are most commonly categorized by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Potential Disaster Scale. Currently, there is not a system or scale that categorizes tropical cyclones by precipitation and flooding, which is the primary cause of fatalities and property damage from landfalling tropical cyclones. This research compiles ground based radar data (Nexrad Level-III) in the U.S. and analyzes tropical cyclone precipitation data in a GIS platform. Twenty-six landfalling tropical cyclones from 1995 to 2008 are included in this research where they were classified using Cluster Analysis. Precipitation and storm variables used in classification include: rain shield area, convective precipitation area, rain shield decay, and storm forward speed. Results indicate six distinct groups of tropical cyclones based on these variables. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the faculty members I have been working with over the last year and a half on this project. I was able to present different aspects of this thesis at various conferences and for this I would like to thank Jason Senkbeil for keeping me ambitious and for his patience through the many hours spent deliberating over the enormous amounts of data generated from this research. -
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1997
2012 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 127 Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1997 EDWARD N. RAPPAPORT Tropical Prediction Center, National Hurricane Center, NOAA/NWS, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 12 June 1998, in ®nal form 5 October 1998) ABSTRACT The 1997 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized and the year's tropical storms, hurricanes, and one sub- tropical storm are described. The tropical cyclones were relatively few in number, short lived, and weak compared to long-term climatology. Most systems originated outside the deep Tropics. Hurricane Danny was the only system to make landfall. It produced rainfall totals to near 1 m in southern Alabama and is blamed for ®ve deaths. Hurricane Erika was responsible for the season's two other fatalities, in the coastal waters of Puerto Rico. 1. Introduction This is one of the smallest contributions (by percentage) on record by tropical waves. On average, about 60% of A sharp drop in tropical cyclone activity occurred in tropical cyclones originate from tropical waves (Pasch the Atlantic hurricane basin from 1995±96 to 1997 (Ta- et al. 1998). ble 1). Only seven tropical storms formed in 1997, and Historically, many of the strongest Atlantic tropical just three of those reached hurricane strength (Table 2). cyclones develop from tropical waves between the coast This also represents a considerable reduction from the of Africa and the Lesser Antilles in the August±Sep- long-term averages of ten tropical storms and six hur- tember period. Such tropical cyclone formation appears ricanes. The months of August and September were par- to be related to 1) the wave's ``intrinsic'' potential for ticularly quiet. -
2020 U.S. Hurricane Season Preview
2020 U.S. Hurricane Season Preview Eric Uhlhorn, Ph.D. ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 1 1 Meet Dr. Uhlhorn Eric Uhlhorn, Ph.D. Principal Scientist ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 2 2 Agenda 2019 Hurricane Season Recap Primary Factors Influencing Hurricane Activity Seasonal Forecasts Secondary Factors Influencing Hurricane Activity Tropical Cyclones, Climate Change, and COVID-19 AIR Hurricane Contest ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 3 3 2019 Hurricane Season Recap 2019 Avg. Named 18 14 Storms Hurricanes 6 7 Major 3 3 Hurricanes U.S. Hurricane Landfalls 2 1–2 U.S. Major Hurricane 0 <1 Landfalls ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 4 4 2019 Hurricane Season Recap 2019 Avg. Named 18 14 Storms Hurricanes 6 7 Major 3 3 Hurricanes U.S. Hurricane Landfalls 2 1–2 U.S. Major Hurricane 0 <1 Landfalls ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 5 5 2019 Hurricane Season: Strongest Hurricane Dorian Hurricane Lorenzo August 24 – September 7 September 23 – October 2 Peak Intensity: 185 mph / 910 mb Peak Intensity: 160 mph / 925 mb • Tied for most intense landfalling Atlantic hurricane • Easternmost Atlantic Cat-5 on record • Stalled over Bahamas for 27 hours at Cat-5 strength • Most destructive Azores storm on record and particularly moving only 25 miles in 24 hours (2nd in record) powerful extratropical storm for British Isles • Storm tide of 20-25 ft and ~3 ft of rainfall over Bahamas • Huge swells led to deaths along U.S. Eastern Seaboard • Extensive damage to Outer Banks and Nova Scotia ©2020 AIR Worldwide CONFIDENTIAL: For Webinar Attendees Only 6 6 2019 Hurricane Season: Wettest Hurricane Barry Tropical Storm Imelda July 11 – July 15 September 17 – September 19 Peak Rainfall: 23.58 in – Ragley, LA Peak Rainfall: 44.29 in – Fannett, TX • Flooding along Atchafalaya River and Mississippi River • 5th wettest hurricane in contiguous U.S. -
Doppler-Observed Eyewall Replacement, Vortex Contraction/Intensi®Cation, and Low-Level Wind Maxima
4002 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 128 The Evolution of Hurricane Danny (1997) at Landfall: Doppler-Observed Eyewall Replacement, Vortex Contraction/Intensi®cation, and Low-Level Wind Maxima KEITH G. BLACKWELL Department of Geology, Geography, and Meteorology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama (Manuscript received 26 April 1999, in ®nal form 9 March 2000) ABSTRACT Danny made landfall as a minimal hurricane on the Alabama coast on 19 July 1997 after drifting over Mobile Bay for over 10 h. Danny's unusually close proximity to the Doppler radar (WSR-88D) in Mobile provided an unprecedented view of the storm's complex and dramatic evolution during a prolonged landfall event over a 1-day period. Base re¯ectivity and velocity products were combined with aircraft reconnaissance information to detail the formation of concentric eyewalls and complete evolution of an eyewall replacement cycle. This highly symmetric hurricane then underwent a rapid asymmetric transition in Mobile Bay during which a small eyewall mesovortex developed adjacent to intense convection in the western eyewall. Radar-estimated rainfall increased dramatically during the asymmetric phase. Rates exceeded 100 mm h21 for nine consecutive hours west of the center while precipitation nearly vanished to the east. Changes in the distribution of precipitation corresponded with changes in the low-level wind velocity structure. A 25-h temporal composite of WSR-88D base velocities displayed axisymmetric intensi®cation and contraction of Danny's core during the eyewall replacement cycle. Later, the asymmetric phase was dominated by further contraction and intensi®cation on the west side only. In the western eyewall, a persistent boundary layer wind maximum evolved and contracted to a radius of only 10±13 km from the center. -
ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2003
1744 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 133 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2003 MILES B. LAWRENCE,LIXION A. AVILA,JOHN L. BEVEN,JAMES L. FRANKLIN,RICHARD J. PASCH, AND STACY R. STEWART Tropical Prediction Center, National Hurricane Center, NOAA/NWS, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 30 April 2004, in final form 8 November 2004) ABSTRACT The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season is described. The season was very active, with 16 tropical storms, 7 of which became hurricanes. There were 49 deaths directly attributed to this year’s tropical cyclones. 1. Introduction hurricane, and Isabel’s category-2 landfall on the Outer There were 16 named tropical cyclones of at least Banks of North Carolina brought hurricane conditions tropical storm strength in the Atlantic basin during to portions of North Carolina and Virginia and record 2003, 7 of which became hurricanes. Table 1 lists these flood levels to the upper Chesapeake Bay. Elsewhere, tropical storms and hurricanes, along with their dates, Erika made landfall on the northeastern Mexico’s Gulf maximum 1-min wind speeds, minimum central sea Coast as a category-1 hurricane, Fabian was the most level pressures, deaths, and U.S. damage. Figure 1 destructive hurricane to hit Bermuda in over 75 yr, and shows the “best tracks” of this season’s storms. Juan was the worst hurricane to hit Halifax, Nova The numbers of tropical storms and hurricanes dur- Scotia, in over 100 yr. ing 2003 are above the long-term (1944–2003) averages This season’s tropical cyclones took 49 lives in the of 10 named storms, of which 6 become hurricanes. -
Hurricane Barry-2019 5A
Beckley Emporia Lexington Evansville Garden City Hutchinson Owensboro TROPICALDodge City STORM Carbondale Wichita KENTUCKY MISSOURI Madisonville BARRY AND KANSAS Cape Girardeau London Bowling Green Springfield Paducah Bristol GULF COAST Joplin 7:00 AM Tues Coffeyville D Hopkinsville Kingsport Johnson City INFRASTRUCTURE Bartlesville Ponca City Poplar Bluff Clarksville Woodward O Enid Nashville Oak Ridge Knoxville Hickory Stillwater Tulsa Paragould Asheville K Fayetteville Murfreesboro Jonesboro Columbia L Muskogee Jackson NGL Plants Spartanburg Oklahoma City A ARKANSAS TENNESSEE Shawnee Fort Smith Chattanooga Greenville Single Plant & Status Barlett Norman H Conway Memphis Dalton Anderson Running Reduced Closed Florence McAlester Southaven Huntsville O Multiple Plants (open & closed) Little Rock Lawton Childress Hot Springs M Athens D 7:00 AM Mon Tupelo Gadsden Marietta Storm InformationVernon Ardmore Atlanta Aiken A Pine Bluff Current PositionWichita Falls Augusta Birmingham Storm center is located at GEORGIA 27.8° North by 89° West Sherman Texarkana Greenville Tuscaloosa La Grange Moving NNE at 8 mph Macon Denton El Dorado Storm track information shown on this map is ALABAMA Dublin based on National Weather Service MISSISSIPPI Auburn Dallas Columbus TPC/National Hurricane Center Ft.Advisory Worth Grand Prairie Selma Montgomery 5A, releasedAbilene at 10 AM CDT ursday July Longview Shreveport Monroe Meridian 11th 2019. Cleburne Vicksburg Jackson Tyler LOUISIANA Douglas Forcast Positions D Albany TEXAS Laurel Waycross Tropical cycloneBrownwood -
Disaster Relief History
2020 2020 2020 544 Jonesboro, AR. Tornado 20-Mar 543 Tishomingo, MS. Tornado 20-Mar 542 Williamsburg, KY., Jackson, MS, Ridgeland,MS. & Walla Walla, WA. Flooding 20-Feb 542 Nashville, Mt. Juliet, & Cookeville, TN. Tornado 20-Mar 2019 2019 2019 541 Decatur County, TN. Severe Storm 19-Oct 540 Beaumont, Baytown, Orange, & Port Arthur, TX. Flooding 19-Sep 539 New Iberia & Sulphur, LA. Hurricane Barry 19-Jul 538 Dayton, OH. Tornado 19-May 537 Jay, OK. Tornado 19-May 536 Alteimer, Dardanelle, Pine Bluff & Wright, AR; Fort Gbson, Gore & Sand Springs, OK. Flooding 19-May 535 Longview, TX. Tornado 19-May 534 Rusk, TX. Tornado 19-Apr 533 Hamilton, MS. Tornado 19-Apr 532 Bellevue, Fremont, & Nebraska City, NE; Mound City, & St. Joseph, MO. Flooding 19-Mar 531 Savannah, TN Flooding 19-Mar 530 Opelika, & Phenix City, AL; Cataula, & Talbotton, GA Tornado 19-Mar 529 Columbus, MS Tornado 19-Feb 2018 2018 2018 528 Taylorville, IL Tornado 18-Dec 527 Chico, & Paradise (Butte County), CA Wildfire 18-Nov 526 Kingsland, & Marble Falls, TX Flooding 18-Oct 525 Carabelle, Eastpoint, Marianna & Panama City, FL; Blakely, Camilla, Hurricane Michael 18-Oct Dawson, & Donalsonville, GA 524 Sonora, TX Flooding 18-Sep 523 Elizabethtown, Fayetteville, Goldsboro, Grantsboro, Havelock, Jacksonville, Hurricane Florence 18-Sep Laurinburg, Lumberton, Morehead City, New Bern, Riverbend & Wilmington, NC; Dillon, Loris & Marion, SC 522 Shasta County, & Trinity County, CA Wildfires 18-Jul 521 Blanca, Alamosa, & Walsenburg, CO Wildfires 18-Jul 520 Des Moines, & Marshalltown,IA