DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological Nature of Floral Cup in Lauraceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological Nature of Floral Cup in Lauraceae l~Yoc. Indian Acad. Sci., Vol. 88 B, Part iI, Number 4, July 1979, pp. 277-281, @ printed in India. Morphological nature of floral cup in Lauraceae S PAL School of Plant Morphology, Meerut College, Meerut 250 001 MS received 19 June 1978 Abstract. On the basis of anatomical criteria the floral cup of Lauraceae can be regarded as appendicular, as the traces entering into the floral cup are morphologi- cally compound, differentiated into tepal and stamen traces at higher levels. The ontogenetic studies also support this contention. The term Perigynous hypanthium is retained for the floral cup of Lauraceae as it is formed as a result of intercalary growth occurring underneath the region of perianth and androecium. Keywords. Lauraceae; floral cup; morphological nature; appendicular; peri- gynous hypanthium. 1. Introduction The family Lauraceae has received comparatively little attention from earlier workers because of difficulty in procuring the material. So far very little work has been done on the floral anatomy of this family (Reece 1939 ; Sastri 1952 ; Pal 1974). There has been considerable difference of opinion regarding the nature of floral cup in angiosperms. The present work was initiated to study the morphological nature of the floral cup. 2. Materials and methods The present investigation embodies the results of observations on 21 species of the Lauraceae. The material of Machilus duthiei King ex Hook.f., M. odoratissima Nees, Persea gratissima Gaertn.f., Phoebe cooperiana Kanjilal and Das, P. goal- parensis Hutch., P. hainesiana Brandis, Alseodaphne keenanii Gamble, A. owdeni Parker, Cinnamomum camphora Nees and Eberm, C. cecidodaphne Meissn., C. tamala Nees and Eberm, C. zeylanicum Noes, Litsea polyantha Juss, Crypto- carya amygdalina Nees, C. floribunda Nees, was collected from the plants growing in the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, and that of Cinnamomum officinarum Nees, Neolitsea sericea BI., Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) R.Br., Cryptocarya abovata R.Br., C. woodii R.Br., from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia. Flowers of Cassytha filiformis Linn. were obtained from Jaipur through the 277 P.(B)--3 278 S Pal cot~rtesy of Professor B Tyagi. Following customary methods ol~ dehydration and embedding the sections were cut at 6-12/z and stained with safranin-fast- green and crystal violet erythrosin combinations. 3. Observations and conclusions The flower of Lauraceae is perigynous and has a cup-like stiucture around the base of ovary or around the ovary, on which the outer floral parts are inserted. The floral cap is short in majority of taxa, however it may be long and ovoid or campanulate (Litsea polyantha) or long and tubular (Cryptocarya). The cup either surrounds the base of ovary (Apollonias, Machilus, Persea, Phoebe) or extends upto the middle of ovary (Alseodaphne, Cassytha) or upto 3/4th length of the ovary (Onnamomum, Litsea, Neolitsea) or almost upto the top of the ovary ( Cryptocarya). The floral cup in all the species investigated shows a somewhat uniform anato- mical pattern. It is generally traversed by six strands which are conjoint perianth- stamen traces, they branch tangentially into three series of six traces each at diffe- rent levels in various taxa. The outer series form the medians of the perianth segments of both the whorls, the second series supplies to the first and second whorls of stamens and the third series constitutes the vascular supply of the stamens of the third whorl and of the staminodes (fourth whorl of stamens). ~lhus a tepal trace and two stamen traces lie upon the same radius. However in Cryptc- carya the traces for tepals and stamens remain differentiated right from the base of the receptacle. Similar cup-like structures occur in a number of other families and they have been variously interpreted. The floral cup has been interpreted as receptacular in Calycanthaceae (Smith 1928), Santalaceae (Smith and Smith 1942 a, b), Cactaceae (Sharma 1949, Tiagi 1955), etc. whereas it has been regarded as appendicular in Ro~aceae (Sau,nders 1925; Jackson 1934), Lagerstraemia and Ammania (Saunders 1936), Kalanchoideae (Tilson 1940); Saxifragaceae (Palmatier 1943), Lythrum and Epilobium (Bonner 1948), Turneraceae (Rao 1949), Thymeliaceae (Heinig 1951) and Stellaria glauca (Pal and Murty 1978). The floral cup of Moringaceae and Passifloraceae has been considered as partly axial and partly appendicular (Puff 1942, 1947). All the above workers have considered the course of vascular bundles as the guiding factor in determining the morphological nature of floral cup. Where recurrent bundles are observed the floral cup has been regarded as receptacular, while in their absence it has been considered as appendicular. On the basis of the present anatomical study the floral cup of Lauraceae can be regarded as appendioular since the traces entering into the floral cup are morpho- logically compound and they differentiate into tepal and stamen traces at a higher level. The ontogenetic studies also support such a contention. Distinct primordia for all floral appendages are formed. However, daring their early onto- geny, due to interprimordial growth, the members of each perianth whorl become coherent to each other. Intercalary growth of common basis of outer and inner whorl of tepal primordia as well as the bases of stamen primordia result ih the formation of a cup around the base of ovary. The extent of intercalary growth Morphology of floral cup in Lauraceae 279 determines the size of floral cup (figures 1-8). On anatomical and ontogenetic grounds Kasapligil (1951) also considered the floral cup in Umbellularia as appendi- cular. Recently, Leins (1972) discussed the nature of inferior ovary in terms of intercalary growth. He asserted that floral cup is formed by intercalary growth in the tissues underneath the primordia of androecium and perianth. Various terms have been applied by different authors to designate the floral cup in the flowers of angiosperms. It has been referred to as a hollow receptacle (Baillon 1880; Rendle 1938), as a calyx tube (Lindley 1853 ; Le Maout and Decaisne 1876 ; Hooker 1879 ; Koehne 1903 ; Bailey 1949 ; Fernald 1950 ; Gunderson 1950 ; Jepson 1951; Hutchinson 1959),as hypanthium (Lawrence 1951; Gleason 1952), as androperianth (Core 1955) and as floral cup or floral tube (Jackson 1934; Tilson 1940; Kasapligil 1951; Parkin 1955). Recently, Leins etal (1972) and Pal and Marty (1978) used the term Perigynous hypanthium for the product formed as a result of intercalary growth occurring underneath the region of porianth and androecium. Figures 1-8. 1-4. Diagrammatic representation (in longitudinal section) of the extent of formation of floral cup and course of vascular bundles. 1. Persea gratis- sima. 2. Alseodaphne keenaniL 3. Cinnamomum zeylanicum. 4. Cryptocarya amygdalina. 5-8. Diagrammatic representation of floral apices (in longitudinal section) after the formation of tepal and stamen primordia. The parallel lines below the tepal and stamen primordia indicate the extent of intercalary growth. 5. Persea gratissima. 6. Alseodaphne keenanii. 7. Cinnamomum zeylanicum. 8. Cryptoearya amygdalina. (O--Ovary; P--Tepal or tepal primordium of outer perianth whorl; P1--Tepal or tepal primordium of inner perianth whorl; S1--Stamen or stamen pri- mordium of first whorl; S2--Stamen or stamen primordium of second whorl; Ss-- Stamen or stamen primordium of third whorl; S4--Stamen or stamen primordium of fourth whorl; Ss-----Stamenor stamen primordium of fifth whorl; S6--Stamen or stamen primordium of sixth whorl.) 280 S Pal The term hollow receptacle indicates the receptaculax nature of floral cup. The term calyx tube is also confusing as petals and stamens are never formed on the calyx. It is opined that the floral cup of Lauraceae be called the Perigynous hypanthium as it is formed by intercalary growth in the tissues underneath the primordia of perianth and androecium. Acknowledgements The author thanks Profs V Puri, Y S Murty and Dr V Singh for their sugges- tions and help. He is also thankful to the authorities of UGC, New Delhi, for financial assistance. References Bailey L H 1949 Manual of cultivated plants (New York : Macmillans) Baillon H 1880 The natural history of plants 6 (London: L. Reeve) Bonnet C E B 1948 The floral vascular supply in Epilobium and related genera; Candollea 11 277-303 Core E L 1955 Plant taxonomy (Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall Inc.) Fernald M L 1950 Gray's manual of botany (New York : Am. Book Co.) Gleason H A 1952 The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the north-eastern United States and adjacent Canada, 2 (Lancaster, Penna : Lancaster Press Inc.) Gunderson A 1950 Families of dicotyledons (Waltham, Mass. : Chronica Botaniea) Heinig K H 1951 Studies in floral morphology of Thymelaeaceae; Am. J. Bot. 38 113-132 Hooker J D 1879 Flora of British India 2 (London : L Reeve) Hutchinson J 1959 Families of flowering plants I Dicotyledons (Oxford : Clarendon Press) Jackson G 1934 The morphology of the flowers of Rosa and certain closely related genera ; Am, J. Bot. 21 453--466 Jepson W L 1951 A manual of flowering plants of California (Berkeley and Los Angeles : Uni- versity of California Press) Kasapligil B 1951 Morphological and ontogenetie studies of Umbellularia californica Nutt. and Laurus nobilis L.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25 115-240 Koelme E 1903 Lythraeeae; in Engler's Dos Pflanzenreich 17 1-326 Lawrence G H M 1951 Taxonomy of vascular plants (New York : Macmillans) Leins P 1972 Dos karpell im ober-tmd mater standigen Gynoecium; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 85 291-294 Leins P, Merxmuller H and Satter R 1972 Zur terminologie interkalarer Becherbildungenin bluten; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 85 294 Le Maout E and Decaisne J 1876 A general system of botany, description and analytical (London : Longmans Green) Lindley J 1853 The vegetable kingdom 3rd ed (London : Bradbeny and Evans) Pal S 1974 Morphological and ontogenetic studies in Lauraceae ; Ph.D. Thesis, Meerut University, Meerut Pal S and Murty Y S 1978 Nature of floral cup in Stellaria glauca; Acta Bot.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Lauraceae – Laurel Family
    LAURACEAE – LAUREL FAMILY Plant: shrubs, trees and some vines Stem: sometimes with aromatic bark Root: Leaves: mostly evergreen, some deciduous; simple with no teeth, often elliptical and somewhat leathery; mostly alternate, less often opposite or whorled; pinnately veined with curved side veins; no stipules; sometimes glandular and aromatic Flowers: perfect but occasionally imperfect (dioecious), regular (actinomorphic); mostly in small clusters along twigs, often yellowish; tepals with 4-6 members in 2 cycles; 3-12-many, but often 9 stamens; ovary superior or inferior,1 carpel, 1 pistil Fruit: berry or drupe, single large seed Other: mostly tropical; locally, sassafras and spicebush common; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 55+ genera; locally Lindera (spice-bush), Persea, Sassafras (sassafras) WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive LAURACEAE – LAUREL FAMILY [Northern] Spicebush; Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume Sassafras; Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees [Northern] Spicebush USDA Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume Lauraceae (Laurel Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub; flowers yellow (prior to leaves), in clusters (dioecious); leaves ovate, entire, shiny green above, somewhat whitened below; bark ‘warty’ (pores); winter buds green, stalked, in alternate clusters; twigs hairy or not, often greenish; fruit a red berry or drupe; aromatic; spring [V Max Brown, 2005] Sassafras USDA Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Lauraceae (Laurel Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: shrub or tree; flowers small and yellow; leaves alternate, lobed or not (variable), aromatic; bark deeply grooved and ridged; twigs often green (hairy or not – varieties); fruit a blue to purple drupe on red pedicel; spring [V Max Brown, 2005].
    [Show full text]
  • The Laurel Or Bay Forests of the Canary Islands
    California Avocado Society 1989 Yearbook 73:145-147 The Laurel or Bay Forests of the Canary Islands C.A. Schroeder Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles The Canary Islands, located about 800 miles southwest of the Strait of Gibraltar, are operated under the government of Spain. There are five islands which extend from 15 °W to 18 °W longitude and between 29° and 28° North latitude. The climate is Mediterranean. The two eastern islands, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, are affected by the Sahara Desert of the mainland; hence they are relatively barren and very arid. The northeast trade winds bring moisture from the sea to the western islands of Hierro, Gomera, La Palma, Tenerife, and Gran Canaria. The southern ends of these islands are in rain shadows, hence are dry, while the northern parts support a more luxuriant vegetation. The Canary Islands were prominent in the explorations of Christopher Columbus, who stopped at Gomera to outfit and supply his fleet prior to sailing "off the map" to the New World in 1492. Return voyages by Columbus and other early explorers were via the Canary Islands, hence many plants from the New World were first established at these points in the Old World. It is suspected that possibly some of the oldest potato germplasm still exists in these islands. Man exploited the islands by growing sugar cane, and later Mesembryanthemum crystallinum for the extraction of soda, cochineal cactus, tomatoes, potatoes, and finally bananas. The banana industry is slowly giving way to floral crops such as strelitzia, carnations, chrysanthemums, and several new exotic fruits such as avocado, mango, papaya, and carambola.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Vision Cracks the Leaf Code
    Computer vision cracks the leaf code Peter Wilfa,1, Shengping Zhangb,c,1, Sharat Chikkerurd, Stefan A. Littlea,e, Scott L. Wingf, and Thomas Serreb,1 aDepartment of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; bDepartment of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912; cSchool of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; dAzure Machine Learning, Microsoft, Cambridge, MA 02142; eLaboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and fDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 Edited by Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved February 1, 2016 (received for review December 14, 2015) Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation species (15–19), and there is community interest in approaching this characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problem through crowd-sourcing of images and machine-identifi- problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze cation contests (see www.imageclef.org). Nevertheless, very few large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of studies have made use of leaf venation (20, 21), and none has angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to attempted automated learning and classification above the species use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision level that may reveal characters with evolutionary significance. approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species There is a developing literature on extraction and quantitative level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification analyses of whole-leaf venation networks (22–25).
    [Show full text]
  • Persea, Lauraceae
    Scientific article doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.12.038 Phylogenetic analysis of some members of the subgenus Persea (Persea, Lauraceae) Análisis filogenético de algunos miembros del subgénero Persea (Persea, Lauraceae) María Edith Cruz-Maya1; Alejandro Facundo Barrientos-Priego1*; Lily Xochitl Zelaya-Molina2; José Luis Rodríguez-de la O1; Juan Carlos Reyes-Alemán3 1Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Fitotecnia. Carretera México-Texcoco km 38.5, Texcoco, Estado de México, C. P. 56230, MÉXICO. 2Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Av. Biodiversidad núm. 2498, col. Centro, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, C. P. 47600, MÉXICO. 3Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. Carretera Tenancingo-Villa Guerrero km 1.5, Tenancingo, Estado de México, C. P. 52400, MÉXICO. *Corresponding author: [email protected]. Abstract he avocado belongs to the genus Persea, which is one of the most controversial genera of the Lauraceae family, since the relationships within the subgenus Persea are not clear T and only recognized two species, Persea americana and Persea schiedeana. Its relationship with the subgenus Eriodaphne is also complex and there is a debate as to whether it is an independent genus. For this reason, the study aims to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Persea, with an emphasis on the subgenus Persea, using maximum parsimony and bayesian inference with the sequence of eight different fragments from nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA. Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF, rbcL, matK, rpoC, trnH- psbA; mitochondria atp4 and cox3 and nuclear 18S rRNA were used. Fourteen fixed mutations were found in species of the subgenus Eriodaphne.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae
    PHYLOGENY Andre'S. Chanderbali,2'3Henk van der AND HISTORICAL Werff,3 and Susanne S. Renner3 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LAURACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currentlyrecognized genera are inferredfrom sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF,trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpll6 regions of cpDNA, and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal lade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstructthe biogeographic historyof the family.Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyeanmigration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilauruls lade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora docu- mented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae lade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Canary Islands and the Laurel Forest 13
    The Laurel Forest An Example for Biodiversity Hotspots threatened by Human Impact and Global Change Dissertation 2014 Dissertation submitted to the Combined Faculties for the Natural Sciences and for Mathematics of the Ruperto–Carola–University of Heidelberg, Germany for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Dipl. biol. Anja Betzin born in Kassel, Hessen, Germany Oral examination date: 2 The Laurel Forest An Example for Biodiversity Hotspots threatened by Human Impact and Global Change Referees: Prof. Dr. Marcus A. Koch Prof. Dr. Claudia Erbar 3 Eidesstattliche Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorgelegte Dissertation selbst verfasst und mich dabei keiner anderen als der von mir ausdrücklich bezeichneten Quellen und Hilfen bedient habe. Außerdem erkläre ich hiermit, dass ich an keiner anderen Stelle ein Prüfungsverfahren beantragt bzw. die Dissertation in dieser oder anderer Form bereits anderweitig als Prü- fungsarbeit verwendet oder einer anderen Fakultät als Dissertation vorgelegt habe. Heidelberg, den 23.01.2014 .............................................. Anja Betzin 4 Contents I. Summary 9 1. Abstract 10 2. Zusammenfassung 11 II. Introduction 12 3. Canary Islands and the Laurel Forest 13 4. Aims of this Study 20 5. Model Species: Laurus novocanariensis and Ixanthus viscosus 21 5.1. Laurus ...................................... 21 5.2. Ixanthus ..................................... 23 III. Material and Methods 24 6. Sampling 25 7. Laboratory Procedure 27 7.1. DNA Extraction . 27 7.2. AFLP Procedure . 27 7.3. Scoring . 29 7.4. High Resolution Melting . 30 8. Data Analysis 32 8.1. AFLP and HRM Data Analysis . 32 8.2. Hotspots — Diversity in Geographic Space . 34 8.3. Ecology — Ecological and Bioclimatic Analysis .
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 12-6-2019 Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features" (2019). Botanical Studies. 96. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/96 This Flora of the United States and North America is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLOWERING PLANT FAMILIES OF THE UNITED STATES GROUPED BY DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Second edition — 6 December 2019 The focus is on families of plants found in the conterminous United States, including ornamentals. The listing of a family is not meant to imply that every species has that feature. I am using a fewfamily names, such as Liliaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, in the traditional sense, because their limits remain unsettled. Parasitic on branches Dioscoreaceae
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Family Lauraceae in Arkansas Gary E
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 28 Article 26 1974 Vascular Plant Family Lauraceae in Arkansas Gary E. Tucker University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Botany Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Tucker, Gary E. (1974) "Vascular Plant Family Lauraceae in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 28 , Article 26. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol28/iss1/26 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 28 [1974], Art. 26 The Vascular Plant Family Lauraceae in Arkansas G.E. TUCKER University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 ABSTRACT The family Lauraceae is represented in Arkansas by a total of four species, members of the genera Lindera. Persea and Sassafras. Keys and distribution maps are provided. Lindera melissaefolium is reported from Arkansas for the first time. INTRODUCTION which itis associated (Quercus lyrata, Q. palustris, Fraxinus profunda, etc.) is found in other parts ofeastern Arkansas, and The woody flora of Arkansas has been studied intensively by field botanists should be on the alert for new localities.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Fichas De Especies
    2 + Abies alba Mill. Abeto, abete, pinabete, abetunas (plantas jóvenes); cat.: avet, pivet, pinavet; eusk.: izei zuria, zapina, txapina Jesús PEMÁN GARCÍA, Jesús COSCULLUELA GIMÉNEZ, Rafael Mª NAVARRO-CERRILLO ;8& 1.1. Morfología El abeto es un árbol de talla media, 20-30 m, de porte regular y tronco recto, cilíndrico y \!\{[ principales que tienden a ser plagiotrópicas, al igual que las secundarias y terciarias. Su corteza es delgada, de color grisáceo o blanquecino; lisa y suave hasta los 30 ó 40 años, oscureciéndose y resquebrajándose a partir de esa edad. Las yemas son rojizas, obtusas y están recubiertas por escamas ovales, obtusas y algo aquilladas (Amaral Franco, 1986; Ruiz de la Torre, 2006). ;8=8517 Abies alba es una especie dioica, con estróbilos unisexuales, que nacen típicamente en las ramas superiores. Los microesporangios y los macroesporangios se desarrollan en las yemas axilares (Owens, 1984). Todos los abetos requieren un periodo de dos años para completar su ciclo reproductivo. Los estróbilos femeninos son de forma oblongo- cilíndrica, de 2 a 4 cm de longitud, de color verdoso (Ruiz de la Torre, 2006). Aparecen de forma solitaria o en pequeños grupos en la parte superior de los ramillos del año anterior; lo que promueve la fertilización cruzada (Singh y Owens, 1982; Owens y Morris, 1998). Los conos masculinos tienen forma globosa, de 1 a 3 cm de longitud, de color pardo- rojizo, sentados. Aparecen aglomerados, principalmente, en las ramas bajas. El proceso de la polinización, la fertilización, la maduración de las semillas y la diseminación ocurren en la misma estación, en un periodo entre 90 y 120 días, después del año de iniciación de los estróbilos (Franklin y Ritchie, 1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Laurisilva of Madeira Portugal
    LAURISILVA OF MADEIRA PORTUGAL The Laurisilva of Madeira is the largest surviving relict of a virtually extinct laurel forest type once widespread in Europe. It is still 90% primary forest and is a centre of plant diversity, containing a unique suite of rare and relict plants and animals, especially endemic bryophytes, ferns, vascular plants, animals such as the Madeiran long-toed pigeon and a very rich invertebrate fauna. COUNTRY Portugal NAME Laurisilva of Madeira NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITE 1999: Inscribed on the World Heritage List under Natural Criteria ix and x. STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE The UNESCO World Heritage Committee adopted the following Statement of Outstanding Universal Value at the time of inscription: Brief Synthesis The Laurisilva of Madeira, within the Parque Natural da Madeira (Madeira Natural Park) conserves the largest surviving area of primary laurel forest or "laurisilva", a vegetation type that is now confined to the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. These forests display a wealth of ecological niches, intact ecosystem processes, and play a predominant role in maintaining the hydrological balance on the Island of Madeira. The property has great importance for biodiversity conservation with at least 76 vascular plant species endemic to Madeira occurring in the property, together with a high number of endemic invertebrates and two endemic birds including the emblematic Madeiran Laurel Pigeon. Criterion (ix): The Laurisilva of Madeira is an outstanding relict of a previously widespread laurel forest type, which covered much of Southern Europe 15-40 million years ago. The forest of the property completely covers a series of very steep, V-shaped valleys leading from the plateau and east-west ridge in the centre of the island to the north coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Lauraceae from Espírito Santo, Brazil
    TWo NeW SPeCIeS oF LAuRACeAe FRoM eSPíRITo SANTo, BRAzIL PEDRO LUÍS RODRIGUES DE MORAES,1, 2 TAMIRIS BIANCA FERNANDES,3 IGOR HENRIQUE FREITAS AZEVEDO,4 AND TIAGO DOMINGOS MOUZINHO BARBOSA5 Abstract. Two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest of Espírito Santo State, Licaria spiritusanctensis and Ocotea teresae, are described and illustrated. Their putative relationships within the respective genera are discussed. We also provide illustrations and comments on micromorphological and anatomical features of leaves of these new species, comparing them to those of congenerics and showing that they can be useful for recognition of different taxa. Keywords: leaf cuticle, leaf vascular bundle, Licaria, Ocotea, taxonomy In this study, two new species are described respectively published a synopsis of the genus, proposing its subdivision for Licaria Aubl. and Ocotea Aubl. The work is a by-product into smaller informal entities, which encompassed 29 groups of the treatment of the Lauraceae for the Flora of Espírito of species sharing morphological affinities, and 54 species Santo, Brazil. The descriptions and illustrations of the new treated singly. No subsequent monographic treatments of species are presented below, as well as a discussion on their these groups have been published, except for the study of possible relationships with congenerics. the Ocotea indecora (Schott) Mez group (Assis and Mello- Licaria is a Neotropical genus of about 65 species Silva, 2010). A synopsis of the Central American species was (Trofimov and Rohwer, 2018 [although 77 names are published by van der Werff (2002), but the South American currently in use by different authors]), distributed from species are still less well known (Moraes and van der Werff, southern Florida and Mexico to southern Brazil and Bolivia 2011; van der Werff, 2011).
    [Show full text]