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How Discourses Cast Airport Security Characters

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How Discourses Cast Airport Security Characters How Discourses Cast Airport Security Characters: A Discourse Tracing and Qualitative Analysis of Identity and Emotional Performances by Shawna Malvini Redden A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved March 2013 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Sarah Tracy, Chair Kevin Corley Janet Alberts Angela Trethewey ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May 2013 ABSTRACT Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and subsequent creation of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), airport security has become an increasingly invasive, cumbersome, and expensive process. Fraught with tension and discomfort, “airport security” is a dirty phrase in the popular imagination, synonymous with long lines, unimpressive employees, and indignity. In fact, the TSA and its employees have featured as topic and punch line of news and popular culture stories. This image complicates the TSA’s mission to ensure the nation’s air travel safety and the ways that its officers interact with passengers. Every day, nearly two million people fly domestically in the United States. Each passenger must interact with many of the approximately 50,000 agents in airports. How employees and travelers make sense of interactions in airport security contexts can have significant implications for individual wellbeing, personal and professional relationships, and organizational policies and practices. Furthermore, the meaning making of travelers and employees is complexly connected to broad social discourses and issues of identity. In this study, I focus on the communication implications of identity and emotional performances in airport security in light of discourses at macro, meso, and micro levels. Using discourse tracing (LeGreco & Tracy, 2009), I construct the historical and discursive landscape of airport security, and via participant observation and various types of interviews, demonstrate how officers and passengers develop and perform identity, and the resulting interactional consequences. My analysis suggests that passengers and Transportation Security Officers (TSOs) perform three main types of identities in airport security contexts—what I call Stereotypical, Ideal, and Mindful—which reflect different types and levels of discourse. Identity i performances are intricately related to emotional processes and occur dynamically, in relation to the identity and emotional performances of others. Theoretical implications direct attention to the ways that identity and emotional performances structure interactions, cause burdensome emotion management, and present organizational actors with tension, contradiction, and paradox to manage. Practical implications suggest consideration of passenger and TSO emotional wellbeing, policy framing, passenger agency, and preferred identities. Methodologically, this dissertation offers insight into discourse tracing and challenges of embodied “undercover” research in public spaces. ii DEDICATION For my Marm. Mom, thank you for teaching me about faith, hard work, creativity and that no matter whether I succeed or fail, I am always loved. I promise to drink water, take my vitamins, and always call you when I land. Love you! iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks and gratitude to everyone who helped me through this doctoral journey— family, friends, mentors, participants, and the many, many baristas along the way. Massive amounts of gratitude to my husband, Tim Redden. It sounds so cliché to say “I couldn’t have done it without you” but I couldn’t and really wouldn’t have wanted to anyway. Your unending support for my dreams—including this one that kept us states apart for more than two years—means more to me than any degree ever could. Thank you for the endless encouragement and editing, the occasional get-back-to-work ass-kicking, the hours spent talking through ideas, the hours spent without me as I wrote through the ideas, and the questions that pushed me and kept me curious. I am indebted to you for last minute reference wrangling and the stay-on-track mantra, “Don’t Hate. Dissertate.” Love you. Much appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Sarah J. Tracy, for being a committed and engaged mentor, teacher, and friend. Thank you for encouraging me in all things—research, teaching, job hunting, and life living. I am grateful for the untold hours you’ve given reading drafts, writing helpful feedback, talking through ideas, and pushing me to realize this dream especially when it seemed impossible. Thank you for being a cheerful and compassionate role model. Thank you to my dissertation committee: Jess Alberts, Kevin Corley, and Angela Trethewey. Jess, I will remember fondly everything you’ve done for me including helping with funding, providing guidance as my temporary advisor, demonstrating how to lead large lecture classes with genius, teaching me how to write better by being the toughest line editor in the world, and of course, introducing me to the two silliest dogs on earth. Thank you for your kindness, interest, and endless interpersonal support. iv Kevin, thank you for stimulating my intellectual curiosity, engaging my many, many sensemaking questions, introducing me to new ways of thinking about identity, and blowing my mind with “Bicycle v. Ferrari” research question problems. I appreciate the hours you’ve spent with me in the classroom and in office hours poring over theory, and especially the humor and kindness that you shared with me as I worked on my “minor” in management. Angela, thank you for everything from your formal role as department chair during my time at ASU, to being my teacher inside the classroom and out, to the immense kindness you’ve shown me at every turn. Thank you for introducing me to Foucault and helping me to see the world through a more critical lens while at the same time keeping humor and candor at the forefront of our every interaction. Gratitude especially to my dear, dear friends. Brenda and Emily, sisters and also friends, thank you for the encouraging messages, support, and of course, the celebrations! Heather Wheeler and Jeanne Jackson, who knew our corner in the Quadrant of Silence would spawn such wonderful friendships? Thank you for helping me, cheering me on, and of course, reading drafts. You are my most hilarious editors. To my FIFI girls—I love you both, for reasons. Kristin Fleischer, thank you for being the best, most surprising BFF. I never imagined that serial killers and cheese sticks could start such a great friendship. Thank you for being you, for having a giant red beanbag for me to crash on, and for having excellent taste in junk food. Geeta Nemmers, I adore you. Thank you for caring so much, for your brutal editing skills, and of course, for being my donut soul sister. You will always be the cheese. Jenn Scarduzio, thank you for being a friend and mentor. I learned so much from you in classes and out, through your genius and kindness. Thank you for answering my questions, no matter how silly or neurotic, and for always having a supportive word. v Amy Way, thank you for being a kind friend, for listening to me whine, for commiserating, for reminding me that it all gets done, for being an excellent conference roomie, for your passion, and for understanding the problems with ice chomping. Tim Huffman, thank you for your kind and energetic spirit, for sharing philosophical conversations any time, and especially for the Comps Cape and other ways that made grad school less like hell and more like Hogwarts. Sarah Riforgiate, thank you for being a wonderful peer mentor who turned into a friend. I appreciate you inviting me into your home, introducing me to your beautiful family, providing me encouragement and advice, dragging me (kicking and screaming) to baby stats class, and for continuing to be a beautiful friend. Special appreciation to Katie Harris, my Adventures in Dissertating buddy. I appreciate your kind attention, careful questioning, and partner-in-crime spirit. Thanks especially for weekly check-ins, humor, and inspiration! Thanks to the underwriters of this project: Tim Redden, for being an effective household CFO and budgeting an inordinate amount of funds for travel; the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication for several important research grants; Arizona State University’s Graduate Student Professional Association for the Jump Start and Independent Research Support Program grants; and ASU’s Graduate College for the Completion Fellowship which enabled me to finish the book on time and with a decent amount of sanity. Thank you to the Hugh Downs School staff members who make attending grad school easier and more fun—Heather Freireich, who I am convinced is magical; Rosemary Carpenter, who knows all and is not afraid to share her knowledge with a smile; Lynne MacDonald, travel funding and organizational extraordinaire; Sue Wurster, for keeping the money straight and being so kind; and Karen Hayes, for keeping us all employed. vi Belle Edson, thank you especially for arranging teaching schedules in helpful ways and for your support and encouragement. Thank you to the crews of Southwest Airlines for shuttling me to and fro, for all the honey roasted peanuts, and for keeping me safe, even that one time. Gratitude to the many, many baristas purveying The Life Force. And special appreciation for the piles of Four Peaks nachos and Casey Moore’s cheese sticks without which this book would never have been written. Most importantly, thank you to the participants in this study. I am grateful to you for sharing your stories
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