Introduction: History and Its Discontents
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The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews: Part II
The Myth of the Extermination of the Jews: Part II CARL0 MATTOGNO 1. Birth and Development of Revisionism ational Socialist policy in the matter of Jewish emigration, N pursued officially until the beginning of February 1942, thus posed a question that really was "throbbing," to use again the adjective employed by Poliakov. If it was true that exterminating the Jews "conformed to the fundamental objective of National social ism"^; if it was true that it was not "the coming to a head of an unforeseeable explosion of violence, or of a betrayal of trust by subordinates, but the fruit of an ideology of death and of an organic design"^; if it was true that "according to Hitler, among the ends that had to be achieved thanks to the war, the general extermination of the Jews had a very important place, to the realization of which the German government would devote a large part of its forces,"3 for what mysterious reason did Adolf Hitler deprive himself of at least a million victims by allowing them to emigrate? It was thus inevitable that so atrocious an accusation, based essentially on "third and fourth hand accounts," on 'Wle game of psychological deductions," knowing that "all these could offer was fragile and speculative," and on "fragmentary and sometimes hypothetical answers," be placed in doubt. In the immediate post-war period and in the following years severe criticisms were formulated in regard to the trials of those who were called "Nazi war criminalsn-in particular, the Nuremberg trial4-and concerning the behavior of the Allies during the war.5 The first to raise doubt about the reality of the "extermination" of the Jews was the Frenchman, Paul Rassinier,a who is justly considered to be the precursor of present-day Revisionism. -
SS-Totenkopfverbände from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande)
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history SS-Totenkopfverbände From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande) Navigation Not to be confused with 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, the Waffen-SS fighting unit. Main page This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason Contents has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2010) Featured content Current events This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding Random article citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) Donate to Wikipedia [2] SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as "Death's-Head Units" (literally SS-TV meaning "Skull Units"), was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi SS-Totenkopfverbände Interaction concentration camps for the Third Reich. Help The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command About Wikipedia structure. It ran the camps throughout Germany, such as Dachau, Bergen-Belsen and Community portal Buchenwald; in Nazi-occupied Europe, it ran Auschwitz in German occupied Poland and Recent changes Mauthausen in Austria as well as numerous other concentration and death camps. The Contact Wikipedia death camps' primary function was genocide and included Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibor. It was responsible for facilitating what was called the Final Solution, Totenkopf (Death's head) collar insignia, 13th Standarte known since as the Holocaust, in collaboration with the Reich Main Security Office[3] and the Toolbox of the SS-Totenkopfverbände SS Economic and Administrative Main Office or WVHA. -
Malik Letter Is Protected by Copyright
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USHMM Individual Profile Cards
INDIVIDUAL PROFILE CARDS UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM Faiga (Fanny) Orenbach was born into an Orthodox Jewish family in Łódź, Poland. The family moved to Brussels, Belgium when she was a young child, where her parents became active in the Jewish community. Fanny earned a art degree and designed clothing for the Royal House of Belgium. In May 1938, Fanny married Jacques Aizenberg, and less than a year later, gave birth to a daughter, Josiane. Germany invaded Belgium on May 10, 1940. Jacques left immediately to join the military, and after Belgium was defeated, he evacuated to England. Although she was Jewish, Fanny soon became actively involved in the resistance movement, hiding refugees in her attic. In October 1942, a few months after Fanny’s father was arrested, Fanny put Josiane in hiding. Fanny and her mother, Rivke, also went into hiding, but the Gestapo discovered and arrested them in 1943. They were beaten and taken to the Mechelen (Malines) transit camp. After ten days in Mechelen, Fanny and Rivke were deported to Auschwitz. Upon arrival at Auschwitz, Fanny and Rivke were placed in separate lines. Fanny Orenbach Aizenberg Fanny never saw her mother again. Fanny found encouragement from a group of six women. Together, they endured beatings, forced labor in a grenade factory, cruel and painful medical experiments, and the many other Born 1916 horrors of Auschwitz. Łódź, Poland In January 1945, the SS evacuated Auschwitz, sending Fanny and tens of thousands of prisoners on a forced march in frozen temperatures. After four months, Fanny and the other survivors were liberated near the Elbe River by the Soviet Red Army. -
The Fascist Jesus: Ernest Renan's Vie De Jésus and the Theological Origins of Fascism a Dissertation Submitted to the Un
The Fascist Jesus: Ernest Renan’s Vie de Jésus and the Theological Origins of Fascism A dissertation submitted to the University of Wales Trinity Saint David in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Theology in Systematic and Philosophical Theology 2014 Ralph E. Lentz II UWTSD 28000845 1 Master’s Degrees by Examination and Dissertation Declaration Form. 1. This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed……Ralph E. Lentz II Date …26 January 2014 2. This dissertation is being submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of …Masters of Theology in Systematic and Philosophical Theology……………………………………………………………................. Signed …Ralph E. Lentz II Date ……26 January 2014 3. This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed candidate: …Ralph E. Lentz II Date: 26 January 2014 4. I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying, inter- library loan, and for deposit in the University’s digital repository Signed (candidate)…Ralph E. Lentz II Date…26 January 2014 Supervisor’s Declaration. I am satisfied that this work is the result of the student’s own efforts. Signed: ………………………………………………………………………….. Date: ……………………………………………………………………………... 2 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………….4 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………5 -
The Articulation of a Pro-Rural and Anti-Urban Ideology in the Youth
“Pavements grey of the imprisoning city”: the articulation of a pro-rural and anti-urban ideology in the Youth Hostels Association (YHA) in the 1930s1 Michael Cunningham University of Wolverhampton, UK Abstract The YHA was a self-professed non-political organisation that promoted the provision of cheap accommodation for walkers and cyclists. Despite this non-political stance, the literature of the YHA in the 1930s reveals a consistent pro-rural and anti-urban ideology. This article examines the articulation of this ideology and locates it both within a longer tradition of such sentiments in England and also within the social and cultural concerns of the decade. Keywords Youth hostels, ideology, walking, rambling, ruralism, urbanism Introduction Since at least the Romantic period of the late eighteenth century, there has been a strong ideological strand in England of pro-ruralism and anti-urbanism, the cultural and literary manifestation of which has been detailed in Raymond Williams’ The Country and the City.2 This ideology involves a somewhat diffuse and amorphous set of ideas and sentiments linked by the belief that the countryside or rural life is in some way ‘better’ than the city: the former Corresponding Author: Michael Cunningham, Faculty of Social Sciences, Millennium Building, City Campus South, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY Email: m.cunningham @wlv.ac.uk embodies or represents the ‘true’ or ‘real’ England while the latter is artificial; the rural embodies spiritual qualities while the city represents materialism or degeneracy; the countryside has an aesthetic superiority. Obviously, these are generalisations and the specific content of the ideology varies over time and with the groups or individuals articulating it. -
Foreword Introduction 1 the Emergence and Development Of
Notes Foreword 1. World Council of Churches/Council for World Mission (WCC-CWM), “Bringing together Ubuntu and Sangsaeng: A Journey towards Life-Giving Civilization, Transforming Theology and the Ecumenism of the 21st Century,” AfricaFiles.org, August 17, 2007, http://www.africafiles.org/article. asp?ID=15918. 2. Ulrich Duchrow and Franz Hinkelammert, Property for People, Not for Profit: Alternatives to the Global Tyranny of Capital (London and Geneva: Zed Books & World Council of Churches, 2004). 3. Ulrich Duchrow, Reinhold Bianchi, René Krüger, Vincenzo Petracca, Solidarisch Mensch werden: Psychische und soziale Destruktion im Neoliberalismus; Wege zu ihrer Überwindung (Hamburg and Oberursel: VSA in Kooperation mit Publik- Forum, 2006). Introduction 1. Dussel, Enrique: “Six Theses toward a Critique of Political Reason: The Citizen as Political Agent,” Radical Philosophy Review, 2, no. 2 (1999): 79–95. Cf. also his Hacia una filosofía política crítica (Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer, 2001), 80. The full quote can be found on page 184 above. 1 The Emergence and Development of Division of Labor, Money, Private Property, Empire and Male Domination in Ancient and Modern Civilizations 1. F. J. Hinkelammert and H. M. Mora, Coordinación social del trabajo, mercado y reproducción de la vida humana (San José, Costa Rica: DEI, 2001), 176ff. 2. Jeremy Rifkin, The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis (London: Penguin, 2009), 22f. 3. Ulrich Duchrow and Franz J. Hinkelammert, Property for People, Not for Profit: Alternatives to the Global Tyranny of Capital. London and Geneva: Zed Books in association with the Catholic Institute for International Relations and the World Council of Churches, 2004. -
Britain's Green Fascists: Understanding the Relationship Between Fascism, Farming, and Ecological Concerns in Britain, 1919-1951 Alec J
UNF Digital Commons UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2017 Britain's Green Fascists: Understanding the Relationship between Fascism, Farming, and Ecological Concerns in Britain, 1919-1951 Alec J. Warren University of North Florida Suggested Citation Warren, Alec J., "Britain's Green Fascists: Understanding the Relationship between Fascism, Farming, and Ecological Concerns in Britain, 1919-1951" (2017). UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 755. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/755 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2017 All Rights Reserved BRITAIN’S GREEN FASCISTS: Understanding the Relationship between Fascism, Farming, and Ecological Concerns in Britain, 1919-1951 by Alec Jarrell Warren A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Master of Arts in History UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES August, 2017 Unpublished work © Alec Jarrell Warren This Thesis of Alec Jarrell Warren is approved: Dr. Charles Closmann Dr. Chau Kelly Dr. Yanek Mieczkowski Accepted for the Department of History: Dr. Charles Closmann Chair Accepted for the College of Arts and Sciences: Dr. George Rainbolt Dean Accepted for the University: Dr. John Kantner Dean of the Graduate School ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family, who have always loved and supported me through all the highs and lows of my journey. Without them, this work would have been impossible. -
The Last Throes of the British Pro-Nazi Right, 1940-45 Richard Griffiths Abingdon: Routledge, 2017, £21.99, P/B
What Did You Do During the War? The Last Throes of the British Pro-Nazi Right, 1940-45 Richard Griffiths Abingdon: Routledge, 2017, £21.99, p/b David Sivier Richard Griffiths is an Emeritus Professor of King’s College, London and the author of two previous books on the British pro-Nazi Right: Fellow Travellers of the Right: British Enthusiasts for Nazi Germany 1933-39 and Patriotism Perverted: Captain Ramsay, the Right Club and British Anti-Semitism 1939-1940. This third volume is part of a series, Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right.1 It’s an in-depth study of a period that is excluded from some histories of British Fascism, such as Martin Pugh’s Hurrah for the Blackshirts! British Fascism Between the Wars, 1919-1939, or else included as part of a general history of Fascism up to the present day, such as Richard Thurlow’s Fascism in Britain: A History, 1918-1985. It is meticulously footnoted and, in addition to the general bibliography at the back of the book, each chapter also has its own bibliography, including documentary sources. Many of the quotations cited in the text also come from official documents, such as MI5 reports and political correspondence between MPs. There is also a ‘rogue’s gallery’ of potted biographies of some of the Fascists and Nazis who are mentioned in the text. The book begins by attacking two myths. The first is another piece of self- serving deception by Oswald Mosley, who claimed that he had definitely not instructed his storm troopers to obstruct the British war effort. -
Money and Its Economic and Social Functions
Money and its economic and social functions Citation for published version (APA): Backhaus, J. G. (1999). Money and its economic and social functions. METEOR, Maastricht University School of Business and Economics. METEOR Research Memorandum No. 008 https://doi.org/10.26481/umamet.1999008 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/1999 DOI: 10.26481/umamet.1999008 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. -
(“John”) Demjanjuk in De Periode 1940-1952
Voor dr Jules Schelvis De werkzaamheden van Wachmann Iwan Demjanjuk (1940-1952) door Johannes Houwink ten Cate I. Inleiding Dit artikel dient om inzicht te geven in de verblijfplaatsen en de werkzaaamheden van Wachmann Iwan Demjanjuk (geboren op 3 april 1920), een uit Oekraïne afkomstige en in Trawniki bij Lublin opgeleide kampbewaker. Dit is van belang in verband met het proces tegen Demjanjuk, die nu de regering van de Bondsrepubliek aan de Verenigde Staten om zijn uitlevering heeft verzocht daar binnenkort terecht zal staan, waarschijnlijk voor medeplichtigheid aan moord op tienduizenden joden afkomstig uit het bezette Nederland, uit het Generaalgouvernement (bezet Polen) en uit de Sovjet-Unie in het vernietigingskamp Sobibor in de maanden april tot en met september 1943.1 Evenals het vernietigingskamp Treblinka is Sobibor in het najaar van 1943 geheel met de grond gelijk gemaakt, om de sporen van de misdaad uit te wissen. Het vernietigingskamp Belzec was in december 1942 buiten gebruik gesteld.2 In het najaar van 1943 werden ook de meeste, niet alle, door de daders opgestelde documenten vernietigd.3 In dit artikel ligt de nadruk niet op de (juridische) finesses van de talrijke rechtszaken waarin Demjanjuk sinds 1977 verwikkeld is geraakt, en ook zichzelf heeft verwikkeld. Demjanjuk heeft van februari 1987 tot april 1988 onder een enorme mediabelangstelling in Israël terecht gestaan. Hij werd er van beschuldigd de gevreesde Oekraïense bewaker “Iwan de Verschrikkelijke” in Treblinka te zijn geweest. Op 25 april 1988 werd Demjanjuk als “Iwan de Verschrikkelijke” in Treblinka tot de strop veroordeeld.4 Hij ging in hoger beroep en werd vrijgesproken. -
German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸Dykowski
Macht Arbeit Frei? German Economic Policy and Forced Labor of Jews in the General Government, 1939–1943 Witold Wojciech Me¸dykowski Boston 2018 Jews of Poland Series Editor ANTONY POLONSKY (Brandeis University) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: the bibliographic record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. © Academic Studies Press, 2018 ISBN 978-1-61811-596-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-61811-597-3 (electronic) Book design by Kryon Publishing Services (P) Ltd. www.kryonpublishing.com Academic Studies Press 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA P: (617)782-6290 F: (857)241-3149 [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com This publication is supported by An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN for this book is 978-1-61811-907-0. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. To Luba, with special thanks and gratitude Table of Contents Acknowledgements v Introduction vii Part One Chapter 1: The War against Poland and the Beginning of German Economic Policy in the Ocсupied Territory 1 Chapter 2: Forced Labor from the Period of Military Government until the Beginning of Ghettoization 18 Chapter 3: Forced Labor in the Ghettos and Labor Detachments 74 Chapter 4: Forced Labor in the Labor Camps 134 Part Two Chapter