Egypt Refuses Imf Emergency Funding
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Epilogue: New Perspectives on Egypt's Democratization
EPILOGUE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON EGYPT’S DEMOCRATIZATION INTRODUCTION This chapter explores Egypt’s democratization from fve different inter- related perspectives. First a review of the literature on democratic transi- tion, or ‘transitology,’1 is presented which details the non-linear nature of democratization processes. Secondly, a diagnosis of Egypt’s political system after El-Sisi ascended to power is offered. It is argued here that Egypt under both Morsi and El-Sisi has taken no steps towards democ- racy and hence after two successive revolutions, Egypt can be defned as a ‘destabilized hybrid regime’. The third part explores how Egypt can move from a ‘destabilized hybrid regime’ into a democratic state. Six factors that might affect Egypt democratization have been analyzed: socioeconomic factors; political parties; civil society; external support; state-religious relations; the rule of law and constitutionalism; and fnally (explored more fully in Chap. 7) civil–military relations. The fourth part explores how Egypt can learn from failed and unconsolidated (unfn- ished) democratic models from other areas of the world. Of the suc- cessful examples—some had the support of external parties such as the EU, NATO, and the US; some had active political parties; and others had healthy civil societies. However, Egypt had none of these. The ffth part addresses how Egypt can learn from Rustow’s model for demo- cratic transition, which elevates the role of human actors in the process of democratization and identifes four phases needed to establish a lasting © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 217 A.A.-D. Arafat, Egypt in Crisis, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56020-5 218 EPILOGUE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON EGYPT’S DEMOCRATIZATION democracy. -
News Coverage Prepared For: the European Union Delegation to Egypt
News Coverage prepared for: The European Union delegation to Egypt . Disclaimer: “This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of authors of articles and under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of IPSOS or the European Union.” 1 . Thematic Headlines Domestic Scene Ganzouri: Security Is Our Top Priority Ministerial Cabinet Sit-In Continues El-Mulla: Armed Forces Budget Remains Autonomous Second Election Phase New Interior Minister Mubarak Still Alive Egyptian Bloc and FJP Go Head To Head in Giza Al-Khodairy: Voters’ Choice Must Be Respected FJP’s Deputy Chairman in the Elections FJP in the Elections Luxor Candidate Says Vote Count Was Rigged Bakri Responds To Forgery Accusations Moussa: A Presidential Regime Is Better FJP Withdraws From SCAF’s Advisory Council Lawsuit to Enable Alaa Abd El-Fattah to Vote SCAF meets political forces to discuss advisory council New Alliance between Liberal Parties Islamic Parties Get Ready For the Second Phase Mubarak’s Personal Secretary Jailed on Illicit Gain Charges Democratic Alliance Nominates Candidate to Head Parliament Expat Voting For the Second Phase Starts Tourism Demonstration Election Updates in Gomhoria El-Essawi: No One Died In Mohamed Mahmoud Presidential Candidates Comment on Islamists Rise in the Elections Election Updates in Dostour Ashour and El-Awa Meet To Help SCAF Wasat Plans on Winning More Seats Election Updates in Al-Tahrir Protestors -
이집트 신정부 수립 100일 이후 경제 및 진출환경 전망 Contents
G lobal M arket Report 12-063 2012.10.05 이집트 신정부 수립 100일 이후 경제 및 진출환경 전망 CONTENTS 목 차 요 약 / 3 I. 2012 대선 이후 이집트 정세 / 4 1. 대선 이후 이집트 정세 / 4 2. 신정부의 외교정책 및 대외활동 / 8 3. 신정부의 당면과제 / 9 참고 1. 2012 이집트 대선 최종 결과 / 11 참고 2. 무르시 대통령 주요 경력 / 12 II. 신정부의 경제정책 분석 / 13 1. 주요 경제정책 방향 / 13 2. 대외경제협력 / 15 III. 대선 이후 이집트 경제 및 진출환경 전망 / 21 1. 이집트 경제 동향 / 21 2. 진출환경 전망 (무역, 투자, 지역개발) / 25 3. 현지 진출기업 및 바이어의 진출환경 전망 / 34 Ⅳ. 시사점 / 36 Global Market Report 12-063 요 약 □ 2012년 6월 24일 이집트 민주화 운동 이후 첫 대선 결과 발표. 무슬림형제단 출신의 무함마드 무르시 대통령 당선 □ 무르시 대통령은 7월 24일 히샴 칸딜 총리 지명과 함께 8월 2일 35개 부처 내각을 구성하여 발표. 8월 12일 이집트 군최고위원회(SCAF)가 6월에 발표한 임시헌법을 폐지하고 신 헌법선언, 군부 주요인사를 해임 등 군부에 분점된 정권을 신정부로 집중 - 향후 신 헌법제정과 하원선거 진행상황과 결과가 정세에 영향을 미칠 전망 □ 무르시 대통령은 사우디, 중국, 이란, EU, 미국 등 활발한 방문외교를 추진, 경제 재건을 위한 국제사회의 지원을 확보 - 아프리카연맹, 이슬람협력기구, 아랍연맹 회의 참석을 통해 이집트 정부의 대외 위상을 재확립 □ 주요 경제정책으로는 ▲이슬람 금융 도입 및 보조금 제도 개혁을 통한 재정적자 완화, ▲해외투자유치와 자국 산업 육성을 통한 무역적자 해소, ▲실업 완화를 위한 노동법 개정 및 노동집약산업 육성, ▲지역 균형발전을 위한 특화 산업 개발 중심으로 추진 - 지역개발 및 인프라 구축 프로젝트로 카이로-알렉산드리아 고속철도 건설, 카이로 메트로 연장, 수에즈 산업단지 개발, 전력 인프라 확충, 담수화 플랜트, 항만 확장 프로젝트 등 추진을 계획 □ 민주화 운동 이후 수립된 첫 민주정부로 국제사회의 환영과 지원을 받고 있으며, 사우디 정부로부터 15억 달러, 8월 중국 방문시 양국 공동사업을 위한 7,000만 달러 무상원조를 받음 - 이집트 정부는 8월 IMF 총재 방문시 48억 달러의 차관을 공식 요청하였으며 현재 차관 제공 협상 중 □ 무르시 정부는 민주화 운동으로 악화된 치안 확보와 경제 재건에 주력하고자 하며, 산업 육성, FTA 체결, 투자환경 개선 등 대외개방 경제정책 가시화시 우리기업의 진출 기회로 작용할 전망 - 특히 정부 주도 프로젝트 추진시 자금 조달의 제약으로 민관합동투자(PPP) 방식이 주로 활용될 것으로 예상 3 Global Market Report 12-063 Ⅰ 2012 대선 이후 이집트 정세 1. -
The Egyptian Experience of the Muslim Brotherhood in Power 2012-2013
Report II: The Muslim Brotherhood in Power The Egyptian Experience of the Muslim Brotherhood in Power 2012-2013 A Report by 9 Bedford Row 3 June 2015 9 Bedford Row London WC1R 4AZ 0044 207 489 2727 www.9bri.com 1 Report II: The Muslim Brotherhood in Power Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 SUBJECT MATTER OF REPORT .................................................................................... 4 1.2 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: MORSI: AN UNLIKELY PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ................... 6 2.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 THE FOUNDING OF THE FREEDOM AND JUSTICE PARTY .......................................... 7 2.3 SELECTING A PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE ............................................................... 12 2.3.1 Breach of promise ................................................................................................ 12 2.3.2 First choice for presidency .................................................................................. 14 2.3.3 Second choice for presidency .............................................................................. 16 2.4 MOHAMED MORSI’S CHANCE OF SUCCESS ............................................................. 18 2.5 REASONS FOR MOHAMED MORSI’S PRESIDENTIAL VICTORY ................................ -
Egypt's Judiciary
Egypt’s Judiciary: A Tool of Repression Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence and Accountability Composed of 60 eminent judges and lawyers from all regions of the world, the International Commission of Jurists promotes and protects human rights through the Rule of Law, by using its unique legal expertise to develop and strengthen national and international justice systems. Established in 1952 and active on the five continents, the ICJ aims to ensure the progressive development and effective implementation of international human rights and international humanitarian law; secure the realization of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights; safeguard the separation of powers; and guarantee the independence of the judiciary and legal profession. ® Egypt’s Judiciary: A Tool of Repression Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence and Accountability © Copyright International Commission of Jurists Published in September 2016 The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) permits free reproduction of extracts from any of its publications provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to its headquarters at the following address: International Commission of Jurists P.O. Box 91 Rue des Bains 33 Geneva Switzerland This report was made possible with the support of the Open Society Foundations. Egypt’s Judiciary: A Tool of Repression Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence and Accountability Egypt’s Judiciary: A Tool of Repression Lack of Effective Guarantees of Independence