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Optimization Research of Regional Distribution of Hainan Agricultural Industry Based on Comprehensive Comparative Advantages

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2020 International Conference on Materials, Control, Automation and Electrical Engineering (MCAEE 2020) ISBN: 978-1-60595-680-0 Optimization Research of Regional Distribution of Hainan Agricultural Industry Based on Comprehensive Comparative Advantages Huijian Zhang1, Jun Jiang2 and Junfeng Wang1 1Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, Hainan, P. R. China 2School of Tourism, Hainan Tropical Ocean University (HNTOU), Sanya 572022, Hainan, P. R. China *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Based on the statistical data of 18 cities or counties in Hainan from 2011 to 2018, this research comprehensive utilize agricultural production comparative advantage and environmental comparative advantage to build a comprehensive comparative advantage system, guide the optimization of Hainan's agricultural industry layout. The result show that the comprehensive comparative advantages and environmental bearing capacity of Sanya, Qionghai, Wanning, Baoting and Qiong Zhong are bigger than 1, have significant advantage in agricultural production; And the comprehensive comparative advantage of Ding'an, Tunchang and Ledong is bigger than 1, but the environmental carrying capacity is between 0-1, so they are medium advantage zone of agricultural production; The comprehensive comparative advantages and environmental carrying capacity of Haikou, Wenchang, lin'gao, Danzhou, Dongfang, Lingshui and Changjiang are all between 0-1, are disadvantaged area of agricultural production. According to the evaluation results of comprehensive comparative advantagesw, the following optimization paths are proposed, firstly, it is proposed to improve the significant advantages zone, and limit the scale of low efficiency and high consumption of agricultural products in medium advantages zone, and adjust the industrial structure and layout of the disadvantaged zone. Secondly it is proposed to promote the production mode of comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Thirdly, it is considered of multi compliance of the impact of planting, animal husbandry and fishery layout on the environment. Then the pollutant discharge in agri-production should be strengthening controlled. Finally, this research puts forward some policy suggestions to support the optimization of regional layout of agricultural industry. Keywords: Hainan agricultural industry, comprehensive comparative advantage, optimization of regional layout. 1. Introduction With the rapid developing of construction of China (Hainan) free trade port, new varieties, products and brands of agricultural products in Hainan are constantly launched, the level of production 847 ecologicalization, standardization, specialization, scale and marketization is getting higher and higher, and great changes have taken place in the quality, technical conditions, spatial distribution and market competitiveness of agri-products. Under this situation, it is urgent to optimize the regional distribution of agri-products in Hainan, further enrich and adjust the layout of advantageous areas, and improve supporting policies, promoting farmers' income, agricultural efficiency and rural beauty. Comparative advantage is the basis of regional division of labor and inter-regional trade, its theory is the basic theory to guide the layout of agricultural industry. Many scholars have shown that, it is scientific and universal using this theory to guide the layout of agricultural industry. The existing layout of agricultural industry in Hainan is mainly formed by national demand, natural conditions and market demand. There are still problems in Hainan such as the mismatch between the layout of agricultural industry and the positioning of the main functional areas of cities and counties, the local resource endowment, the "small but comprehensive" regional layout, the agricultural industry layout fails to realize the seamless connection with the secondary and tertiary industries, agricultural regional overall planning are still obstacles, the level of regional scientific and technological innovation is in a backward position in China, and the ability to coordinate two markets and two resources is not strong. Therefore, it is necessary to take comparative advantage theory and location theory as guidance, the comparative advantage of environment in 18 cities or counties of Hainan is first calculated, and then it is introduced into the comparative advantage of agricultural production to building a comprehensive comparative advantage system. The result can provide data supporting the optimization of Hainan's agricultural industry layout, put forward the direction and key points of the optimization of Hainan's agricultural industry layout. 2. Research methods and data source The distribution law of agricultural industry follows the principle of comparative advantage. In the past, the judgment of comparative advantage was based on input factors, market conditions, etc. With increasing threat of the current agricultural production mode to the environment, the restrictive effect of environment on agricultural development is more and more obviously. Under market and policy guiding, dominant varieties tend to be concentrated in dominant production areas. In the same region, it is more and more intensive competition between the superior products in water and soil resources and environment, including within and between agricultural products. In this situation, integrating the comparative advantage of environmental factors into the planning of agricultural production layout, it would be optimizing the relationship between industrial development and ecological environment protection, and promote the optimization of agricultural production structure and regional layout in the future. Therefore, the rational planning of agricultural production layout must be based on the estimation and judgment of the quality of environmental factors in the main production areas. Based on the above judgment, it is assumed that environmental factors and production factors are equally important in the formation of comprehensive comparative advantage during the agricultural industry developing, and the relationship between them is significant. We refers to the construction method of comprehensive comparative advantage index by Zheng Weiwei, Xu Zhigang and Zhang Hui, Using the arithmetic average of the environmental comparative advantage index and the production comparative advantage index to construct the comprehensive comparative advantage index. Among them, the ratio of the relative scale of regional water surplus and total water resources to the provincial average level reflects the comparative advantage index of environment, the water surplus is equal to the difference between the total amount of water resources and the amount of ash water needed to dilute the excess nitrogen; the comparative advantage index of production is reflected by the ratio of the relative level of the gross production of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery to the average level of the whole province; The comparative advantage index of production is reflected by the ratio of the relative level of the gross production of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery to the average level of the whole province. 848 2.1. Calculation of environmental comparative advantages Environment is an important natural endowment in agricultural production. Different environmental resources determine the land fertility, water resource richness and other important factors, and then affect the suitable varieties and the mode of agricultural production in the area. With the technology developing, the production mode of modern agriculture has more and more influence on the surrounding environment, the environment also more and more restricts agriculture developing. Integrating the environment factor into the calculation of comparative advantage has a positive guiding significance for the future development of agriculture in this region. Taking water resources as the research object, we calculate the relative comparative advantages of 18 cities of counties in Hainan Province, so as to assess whether the region has environmental comparative advantage. The calculation formula is as following. WS/ WAS WAI ii i AWS/ AWAS (1) WAIi : The index of regional environmental comparative advantage in region I WSi : Water Surplus margin in region I, i.e. total water resources of the area minus ash water consumption of diluted nitrogen element WASi : Total regional Water resources in region I AWS : Average Water Surplus in Hainan in region I AWAS : Average Water resources in Hainan in region I 2.2. Calculation of production comparative advantage Production comparative advantage refers to the natural advantages of this region compared with other regions in terms of production factors, is an important embodiment of regional invisible comprehensive advantage. By calculating the production advantages of 18 cities and counties, the paper takes GDP as the research focus, and evaluates the cities or counties that are suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, we can make preparations for the study of the comprehensive comparative advantage of the region. The calculation formula is as following. VP/ VNP VAI ii (2) i AVP/ AVNP VAIi : Production comparative advantage index in area I VPi : Gross production of agriculture and animal husbandry in area I VNPi : Gross production of agriculture,
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