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Overview of Hainan Province
Overview of Hainan Province Geographical Location Situated at the southernmost tip of China, Hainan sees Guangdong across the Qiongzhou Strait to the north, Vietnam across theBeibu Bay to the west and Taiwanacross theSouth China Sea to the east. Its neighbors in the South China Sea include the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south. The jurisdiction of Hainan covers Hainan Island, theXisha (Paracel) Islands, theZhongsha (Macclesfield) Islands and the Nansha (Spratly) Islands as well as the surrounding maritime areas, making it the largest province in China in terms of area. Hainan covers a land area (mainly including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and NanshaIslands) of 35,400 square km (that of Hainan Island reaching 33,900 square km) and has a maritime area of about 2 million square km. With the outline like an oval snow pear, Hainan Island has a total area of 33,900 square km (excluding the satellite islands), the second largest island only next to Taiwan Island. Qiongzhou Strait, located between Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province is about 18-nautical-mile wide; while Zengmu Ansha in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China. Administrative Divisions By September 2015, Hainan Province had 27 cities and counties (districts), including four prefectural cities, five county-level cities, four counties, six autonomous counties, eight districts, and 21 townships, 175 towns and 22 sub-district offices (totaling 218). Cities at the prefectural level: Haikou, Sanya, Sansha and Danzhou Cities at the county level: Wuzhishan, Wenchang, Qionghai, Wanningand Dongfang Counties: Ding’an, Tunchang, Chengmai and Lingao Autonomous Counties: Baisha Li Autonomous County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County and Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County Population Calculated according to a sample survey on population changes, the birth rate of the province reached 14.57‰, death rate6.00‰, andnatural growth rate8.57‰in 2015. -
The Early-Middle Miocene Submarine Fan System in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Pet.Sci.(2012)91-9 1 DOI 10.1007/s12182-012-0175-z The early-middle Miocene submarine fan system in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea Wang Yongfeng1, 2 , Wang Yingmin1, 2, Xu Qiang3, Li Dong1, 2, Zhuo Haiteng1, 2 and Zhou Wei1, 2 1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, Beijing 102249, China 3 CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100027, China © China University of Petroleum (Beijing) and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract: Based on a large amount of seismic, drilling and core data, the characteristics of the early- middle Miocene submarine fans in the Baiyun Sag, northern South China Sea are investigated. By analyzing the sedimentary processes of submarine fans in SQ21 (SQ21 refers to the 3rd-order sequence with its bottom boundary 21 Ma), a sedimentary model of the sand-rich fans is established and the main factors controlling fan deposition are detailed. The results indicate that from early to middle Miocene the Pearl River Mouth Basin developed seven 3rd-order sequences in all, with each lowstand systems tract (LST) of the sequence corresponding to submarine fans. However, only the fans in SQ13.8 and SQ21 are sand-rich fans, the others being mud-rich fans. The cores reveal that the submarine fans in the Pearl River Mouth Basin developed ¿ve lithofacies (1) mud clast-bearing sandstone, interpreted as channel deposits; (2) typical turbidite sandstones, also interpreted as channel deposits; (3) thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone, interpreted as channel-levee complex deposits; (4) massive sandstones, interpreted as lobe deposits; (5) massive mudstone, interpreted as hemipelagic mud. -
Initial Exploration of a Protection System for Historical and Cultural Towns and Villages in Hainan, China
Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XV 297 INITIAL EXPLORATION OF A PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN HAINAN, CHINA WANG ZHENYU Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China ABSTRACT The long course of Chinese national history runs from a remote source. Since China has a vast territory, different regions formed a variety of regional cultures with different natural environments and era evolutions. Historical and cultural towns and villages not only exist as individual entities, but also as integrated urban and rural settlements and regional cultures. This paper presents the methodologies for the protection of historical towns and villages in the phase of systematic planning in Hainan Province. The research begin with looking at Hainan’s regional culture, adopting the research method of anthropology and regional heritage to retrace the culture of Hainan’s towns and villages, analysing the status quo, and on this basis, building a framework of Hainan historical towns and villages in promotion of its rational protection and development. Keywords: historical and cultural towns and villages, land use, Meso-scale space unit, non-motor- vehicle travel. 1 INTRODUCTION Hainan is a tropical island in southern China with beautiful scenery; its special natural environment has created an exotic culture. Today, most people see Hainan as an international scenic spot; however, less attention is paid to Hainan’s culture and traditions, which, to some extent, results in a lack of cultural construction. Historical and cultural villages and towns are important space carriers of Hainan culture; therefore, the construction of provincial-level historical and cultural towns and villages to protect the historical and cultural heritage of Hainan is essential. -
I. Tourism Industry (19 Projects) 1
I. Tourism Industry (19 Projects) 1. Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) Project Name Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) The Haiken Wuzhishan Tea Tourism Town (Industrial Park) is one of the eight industrial parks undertaken by the Hainan State Farms under the “Eight Eight Strategy”, listed as a “provincial key project”. The project, which covers a total planned area of 11,318 mu, will be developed in three phases, and the construction cycle is expected to be 5 years; the content of construction includes one corridor connected to one village and one workshop, three parks and three areas, i.e., Tea Garden Waterfront Landscape Corridor, Colorful Organic Tea Garden, Tea Grove Wit Paradise, Project Leisure Healthcare Area, Zen Tea Culture Experience Area, Tea Experience Overview Entertainment Area, Tea Town Folklore Village and Tea Innovation Workshop; as rural construction is carried out throughout “hundreds of towns and thousands of villages in beautiful Hainan”, the project aims to build a characteristic town of tea tourism culture with tea production and processing, trading and logistics, industrial exchanges, culture experience, folklore experience, catering and recreation, travel and holiday and healthcare rolled into one to make the characteristic town seamlessly connected to industrial parks, targeted poverty alleviation and all-for-one tourism. The project is located in Xiangshui Town, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, in the hinterland of the Wuzhi Project Site Mountain. The project boasts an advantageous geographical location for it’s bounded by Wuzhishan City in the north, by Sanya City in the south, by Ledong Country in the west and Lingshui County in the east. -
Characterization of the Cecal Microbiome Composition of Wenchang Chickens Before and After Fattening
RESEARCH ARTICLE Characterization of the cecal microbiome composition of Wenchang chickens before and after fattening Zhen TanID, Lilong Luo, Xiaozhe Wang, Qiong Wen, Lu Zhou, Kebang Wu* Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 The cecum of poultry harbors a complex and dynamic microbial community which plays important roles in preventing pathogen colonization, detoxifying harmful substances, nutri- ent processing, and harvesting of the ingestion. Understanding and optimizing microbial communities could help improve agricultural productivity. In this study, we analyzed the OPEN ACCESS composition and function of cecal microbiota of Wenchang chicken (a native breed of Ban- Citation: Tan Z, Luo L, Wang X, Wen Q, Zhou L, tam) before and after fattening, using high throughput sequencing technology. High- Wu K (2019) Characterization of the cecal microbiome composition of Wenchang chickens throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 hypervariable regions was used to before and after fattening. PLoS ONE 14(12): characterize and compare the cecal microbiota of Wenchang chicken before fattening (free- e0225692. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. range in hill) and after fattening (cage raising). Sixteen phyla were shared by the 20 sam- pone.0225692 ples. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the top two abundant phyla being 80% of the total Editor: Juan J. Loor, University of Illinois, UNITED microbiota. Samples of chickens prior to fattening were more dispersed than those after fat- STATES tening. Twenty four microbes could be considered as biomarkers and 3 phyla revealed dif- Received: June 25, 2019 ferences by variance analysis which could distinguish the two groups. -
Rural Land Disputes Between Married-Out Women and Village Collectives
Hastings Law Journal Volume 71 Issue 1 Article 2 12-2019 Do the “Haves” Come Out Ahead in Chinese Grassroots Courts? Rural Land Disputes Between Married-Out Women and Village Collectives Peter C. H. Chan Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Peter C. H. Chan, Do the “Haves” Come Out Ahead in Chinese Grassroots Courts? Rural Land Disputes Between Married-Out Women and Village Collectives, 71 HASTINGS L.J. 1 (2019). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol71/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. E - CHAN_34 (TRANSMIT) (REVISED) (DO NOT DELETE) 11/19/2019 8:28 AM Articles Do the “Haves” Come Out Ahead in Chinese Grassroots Courts? Rural Land Disputes Between Married-Out Women and Village Collectives † BY PETER C.H. CHAN This Article tests Galanter’s party capability theory in China’s grassroots courts by empirically examining 858 sampled judgments of rural land dispute lawsuits between married- out women (the “have-nots,” or the less resourceful party) and village collectives (the “haves,” or the more resourceful party) throughout China from 2009 to 2017. An analysis of this study’s results yields a groundbreaking discovery, the “have-nots” came out ahead in China’s courts by a substantial margin. This finding contradicts Galanter’s theory—under which the “haves” should prevail—and the established view that the “haves” should come out ahead in China (a leading study on Shanghai courts found the “haves” prevailing by large margins). -
Study on Localization of Zitong Wenchang Culture in Japan
2020 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Cultures, Arts and Design (ICHCAD 2020) Study on Localization of Zitong Wenchang Culture in Japan Xia Wang Mianyang Normal University, Sichuan, China Keywords: Zitong wenchang culture, Japan, Development in localization Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous development and progress of Wenchang culture, it has gradually received academic attention. The Golden period of Cultural exchange between China and Japan in sui and Tang Dynasties. The main way of cultural exchange was that Japan sent envoys of Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, overseas students and learning monks to China, and these sent envoys of Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, overseas students and learning monks to China to study Chinese culture and bring back a large number of books. Similarly, Chinese emissaries, monks and merchant ships to Study in Japan also played a role in spreading culture. With the introduction of wenchang related books into Japan. Wenchang culture has a certain influence on the life and work of Japanese people. 1. Introduction Zitong County is the birthplace of Wenchang culture and has long been known as “The hometown of Emperor Wenchang”. The Culture of Wenchang is mainly composed of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, which is a way for the people to express their belief in and worship of Emperor Wenchang. Known as “the north has Confucius, south has Wenchang,” said. Wenchang culture originates from The belief of Emperor Wenchang, which is the deity worshiped by Taoism, folk belief, imperial gift and literati. Wenchang faith is a traditional folk religion, which refers to the five-in-one universe concept of heaven, earth, man, ghost and God. -
ISLAND from Hainan’S Early History Into the Twentieth Century
CHAPTER 1 CULTIVATING AND EXPLOITING A “PRIMITIVE” ISLAND From Hainan’s Early History into the Twentieth Century his chapter provides some of the cultural, political, economic, and social Tlandscape of early Hainan, including the islanders’ complex relation- ship with mainlanders and other external observers in the early twentieth century. Rather than a strict chronological telling of Hainan’s history, I lay out some characteristics of the island and its place in the region and the world. In addition, using mostly contemporary accounts, I develop some of the most prominent and recurrent themes in the island’s history through the early twentieth century. In chapter 2, I begin a more chronological exploration of Hainan’s history. An Outsider’s Story It is often in violence toward unwelcome visitors that we first hear anything at all from the Hainanese in the early historical record. Until the twentieth century, like many regions at the margins of empire, Hainan island’s native inhabitants could not tell their own stories beyond their home region. The indigenous Li people and the settled Han Chinese of the island had their history written for them by guests, some welcome and some not. These voices are heard only indirectly in descriptions of battles or magistrates’ records of the interrogations of captives.1 Only in the 1920s did Hainanese actors begin to make their own voices heard in sustainable political terms, advocating their position as loyal, but increasingly autonomous, members of the Chinese polity. Before the 1920s, for written sources on Hainan, we must look to the stories told by the island’s guests—the outsiders’ stories. -
Island School Shows Its Unique Character from South China Sea Issue
6 CHINA Thursday, May 26, 2016 CHINA DAILY 7 Editor’s note: China Daily is running a series of articles on the South China Sea. Complied by our reporters Li Xiaokun, Zhang Yunbi and Liu Xiaoli, the articles cover a range of topics and provide a fascinating insight into what life is like. In these articles our South China Sea reporters present the colorful and unique way of life on the islands, including Yongxing Island, which despite being no bigger than 280 football pitches hosts the government of Sansha city. Sansha, governing the Chinese islands there, will soon be 4 years old. Road sign indicates distances Island school shows its unique character from South China Sea issue Class act by teachers allows pupils to relish life and learning Zhang Yunbi REPORTER’S on the country’s southernmost outpost of education LOG By LI XIAOKUN and LIU lege, volunteered for halfyear ing,”Huang, 26, said. XIAOLI in Sansha, Hainan terms. The school requires no fees Tang Hualing, one of the and all the pupils are provid t first glance, a road Like many schools on the teachers, is Li’s wife. In Febru ed with free food, bags and sign indicating the Su Xun (left) and Deng Ruming, who work at China Mobile’s Hainan Chinese mainland, the walls ary, the couple brought their At first the pupils uniforms, thanks to the local distance to New branch, are veterans in combating the elements to maintain of the country’s southernmost 5yearold son here at the start government. Li said they are York and Bangkok, ZHANG YUNBI/CHINA DAILY schoolaredecoratedwithchil of a new semester. -
Characterization of Morphological and Fruit Quality Traits of Coconut
HORTSCIENCE 56(8):961–969. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15887-21 widely acknowledged that the level of coco- nut processing in Hainan is relatively advanced, with coconut juice, coconut milk, Characterization of Morphological and coconut flower juice, coconut wine, and other processed products or by-products favored Fruit Quality Traits of Coconut and trusted by an increasing number of con- sumers (Xia et al., 2007; Zhang, 2011). (Cocos nucifera L.) Germplasm Therefore, researching coconut germplasm resources is of great importance. Ruining Zhang The local coconut resources in China are Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural relatively simple. The adaptability studies of Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, People’s Republic of China; Hainan Key introducing germplasm resources from other countries (Li et al., 2009; Sun et al., 2012) Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, have been helpful for addressing issues such People’s Republic of China; and College of Horticulture, Hainan University, as the lack of germplasm resources and diffi- Haikou, Hainan 570228, People’s Republic of China culty in variety renewal for the Chinese coco- nut industry. Furthermore, the results of Hongxing Cao, Chengxu Sun, and Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin previous studies have helped to facilitate and Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural improve the breeding process. Therefore, the Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, People’s Republic of China; and Hainan evaluation and identification of coconut Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, germplasm resources have important practi- ’ cal value and innovative significance. Some People s Republic of China experts have focused on researching the Additional index words. -
Tourism As a Territorial Strategy in the South China Sea
CHAPTER 3 Tourism as a Territorial Strategy in the South China Sea Ian Rowen INTRODUCTION The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is deploying tourism as a tool in its territorialization program for the South China Sea, reconfiguring geopo- litical imaginaries and popular political discourse, and developing new lei- sure spaces, economies, and infrastructure. This approach is consistent with China’s deployment of outbound tourism to achieve political objec- tives in other regions, both within and far beyond its periphery. Outbound tourism from China has been used as an economic lever for extracting political concessions not only in nearby Taiwan, but as far away as Canada. At the same time that tourism is being used to consolidate Chinese state authority in Tibet (Shepherd 2006), it has also triggered widespread pop- ular protest in semi-autonomous Hong Kong. State-directed Chinese tourism is now increasingly precipitating international protest over the territorially contested South China Sea. I. Rowen (*) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore © The Author(s) 2018 61 J. Spangler et al. (eds.), Enterprises, Localities, People, and Policy in the South China Sea, Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62828-8_3 62 I. ROWEN The unsettled sovereignty of the South China Sea has provided a theater for several “creative territorialization” strategies, including tourism, administrative rezoning, and land reclamation. This chapter will focus on the former two and argue that the PRC is using tourism as a tactic in the South China Sea not only to assert military and admin- istrative control over the region, but also to promote patriotic senti- ment among its own citizens. -
Han Chinese, Hainanese April 9
Han Chinese, Hainanese April 9 GUANGDONG bones. Associated with ancestor worship and •Lingao divination are the Shang HAINAN ISLAND Dan Xian • bronze vessels, the surfaces •Changcheng •Baisha of which are covered with •Tongshi extraordinarily detailed linear •Ledong designs.”2 The Shang Dynasty Scale 0KM80 was overthrown around 1100 Population in China: BC. Chinese have lived on 4,400,000 (1987) Hainan Island since Madame 5,143,600 (2000) Xian — a leader of the Yue 5,812,300 (2010) minority tribes of southern Location: Hainan Island Religion: No Religion China — pledged allegiance Christians: 92,000 to the Sui Dynasty rulers in 3 the sixth century AD. Overview of the Hainanese Customs: Most Hainanese earn their livelihood from Countries: China, Vietnam, Laos fishing or agriculture. Severe Pronunciation: “Hi-nahn” and sudden storms lash the Other Names: Chinese: Qiongwen, Qiongwen, Hainan Chinese Hainan coastline every Population Source: summer, causing massive 4,400,000 (1987 LAC); damage to homes and boats. Out of a total Han population of New industry and factories 1,042,482,187 (1990 census); Also in Vietnam and Laos have sprung up on Hainan in Location: NE Hainan Island and the last decade. Significant along the coastline of most of Paul Hattaway numbers of Hainanese are the island except the northwest Location: Five million Hainanese Chinese employed by the expanding tourist industry Status: Officially included under are concentrated in the northeastern parts which has catered to a growing number of Han Chinese of China’s Hainan (South Sea) Island. They Chinese and foreign tourists since the early Language: Chinese, Qiongwen are located along the coast in a clockwise 1980s.