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Network Security in Virtualized Data Centers for Dummies® These materials are the copyright of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Network Security in Virtualized Data Centers FOR DUMmIES‰ by Lawrence C. Miller, CISSP These materials are the copyright of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Network Security in Virtualized Data Centers For Dummies® Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Palo Alto Networks and the Palo Alto Networks logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Palo Alto Networks, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Business Development Department in the U.S. at 317-572-3205. For details on how to create a custom For Dummies book for your business or organization, contact [email protected]. For information about licensing the For Dummies brand for products or services, contact BrandedRights&[email protected]. ISBN 978-1-118-44646-1 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-44698-0 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher’s Acknowledgments Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Composition Services Vertical Websites Senior Project Coordinator: Kristie Rees Senior Project Editor: Zoë Wykes Layout and Graphics: Jennifer Creasey, Editorial Manager: Rev Mengle Christin Swinford Acquisitions Editor: Amy Fandrei Proofreader: Susan Moritz Business Development Representative: Special Help from Palo Alto Networks: Karen Hattan Chris King, Danelle Au Custom Publishing Project Specialist: Michael Sullivan These materials are the copyright of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. Table of Contents Introduction ..................................... .1 About This Book ........................................................................ 1 Foolish Assumptions ................................................................. 2 How This Book Is Organized .................................................... 2 Icons Used in This Book ............................................................ 3 Where to Go from Here ............................................................. 4 Chapter 1: Data Center Evolution ................... .5 What Is Virtualization? .............................................................. 5 Why Server Virtualization? ....................................................... 7 Moving to the Cloud .................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: The Application and Threat Landscape in the Data Center .................. .13 Security Challenges with Applications in the Data Center ....14 Applications Aren’t All Good or All Bad................................ 14 Applications Are Evasive ........................................................ 18 Threats Are Taking a Free Ride .............................................. 19 Management applications............................................. 20 Unknown applications................................................... 21 Recognizing the Challenges of Legacy Security Solutions .... 22 Chapter 3: The Life Cycle of a Modern Data Center Attack ................................. 23 Data Center Attack Vectors .................................................... 23 Rethinking Malware ................................................................. 25 Modern malware characteristics ................................. 26 Botnets and other enterprise threats ......................... 28 Hackers — No Longer the Usual Suspects............................ 30 The Life Cycle of a Modern Attack ......................................... 32 Infection .......................................................................... 33 Persistence ..................................................................... 34 Communication .............................................................. 35 Command and control .................................................. 35 These materials are the copyright of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use is strictly prohibited. iv Network Security in Virtualized Data Centers For Dummies Chapter 4: Securing the Virtualized Data Center .... .37 Data Center Network Security Challenges ............................ 38 Not All Data Centers Are Created Equal ............................... 39 Enterprise data centers ................................................ 39 Internet-facing data centers ......................................... 40 Virtualized Data Center Network Security Challenges ........ 41 Securing the Data Center with Next-Generation Firewalls .... 42 Visibility and control of traffic ..................................... 42 Prevent data center threats ......................................... 43 Performance and security — a policy choice ............ 44 Flexibility of feature deployment ................................. 45 Secure remote users ...................................................... 46 Addressing Virtualization-Specific Security Challenges ..... 46 Ensuring hypervisor integrity ...................................... 48 Controlling intra-host communications ...................... 50 Securing VM migrations ................................................ 50 Cloud-readiness ............................................................. 51 Choosing Physical or Virtual Next-Generation Firewalls .... 52 Chapter 5: A Phased Approach to Security: From Virtualization to Cloud .................... 53 Journey to the Cloud — One Step at a Time ........................ 53 A Phased Approach to Security in Virtualized Data Centers ......................................................................... 54 Consolidating servers within trust levels ................... 55 Consolidating servers across trust levels .................. 55 Selective network security virtualization ................... 57 Dynamic computing fabric ........................................... 57 Chapter 6: Ten (Okay, Nine) Evaluation Criteria for Network Security in the Virtualized Data Center .. 59 Safe Application Enablement of Data Center Applications .......................................................................... 59 Identification Based on Users, Not IP Addresses................. 60 Comprehensive Threat Protection ........................................ 60 Flexible, Adaptive Integration ................................................ 61 High-Throughput, Low-Latency Performance ...................... 62 Secure Access for Mobile and Remote Users ....................... 62 One Comprehensive Policy, One Management Platform .... 63 Cloud-Readiness ....................................................................... 63 Choice of Form Factor ............................................................. 63 Glossary ....................................... .65 These materials are the copyright of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and any dissemination,
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