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Solar Powered Lamp Having a Circuit for Providing Turn-On at Low Light Levels

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Solar Powered Lamp Having a Circuit for Providing Turn-On at Low Light Levels Europaisches Patentamt European Patent Office © Publication number: 0 527 347 A2 Office europeen des brevets EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 92112049.9 int. Ci.5; H05B 37/02, F21S 9/02 @ Date of filing: 15.07.92 ® Priority: 17.07.91 US 731672 © Applicant: SIEMENS SOLAR INDUSTRIES LP. 4650 Adohr Lane P.O.Box 6032 @ Date of publication of application: Camarillo, California 9301 0(US) 17.02.93 Bulletin 93/07 @ Inventor: Moore, Fred A. © Designated Contracting States: 3907 Calle Valle Vista DE ES FR GB IT NL Newbury Park, California 91320(US) © Representative: Fuchs, Franz-Josef, Dr.-lng. Postfach 22 13 17 W-8000 Munchen 22 (DE) © Solar powered lamp having a circuit for providing turn-on at low light levels. © A solar powered lamp (10) having a circuit (11) CR1 r. ~i for providing positive turn-on at low light levels causes a light source (16) thereof to undergo a |R2 I R4 14 t discrete transition to an "on" condition and prevents J " drain on a battery thereof. The circuit + unnecessary R3 (11) comprises a positive feedback loop which am- plifies current flow rapidly to a predetermined level C at which the light source (16) is illuminated. In doing cos SENSOR so, it causes a plurality of solar powered lamps (10) to illuminate at substantially the same time. FIG. CM < CO CM Rank Xerox (UK) Business Services (3. 10/3.5x/3.0. 1) 1 EP 0 527 347 A2 2 FIELD OF THE INVENTION siderably shortens the run time of the lamp. Moreover, in situations where a plurality of This invention relates generally to solar power- such solar powered lamps are used, erratic illu- ed lamps. More specifically, the invention relates to mination often occurs. The lamps illuminate at dif- a solar powered lamp having a circuit for providing 5 ferent times, for example, sometimes at intervals as positive turn-on at low light levels. much as 30 minutes apart, because manufacturing tolerances inherent in individual components of BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION these prior devices affect their operation. Such irregular illumination is inefficient, unattractive and Electrically powered outdoor lighting systems io consequently undesirable. are used to illuminate pathways, yards, parks and other like outdoor areas for security purposes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Commonly, such lights are connected to public utility systems or similar sources of electrical pow- The present invention is directed to a solar er and are controlled by preset timing devices to 75 powered lamp having a circuit for providing positive illuminate desired areas at nightfall and automati- turn-on at a preselected low level which causes a cally turn off at a predetermined time, for example, light source thereof to undergo a discrete transition prior to daybreak. to an "on" condition and prevents unnecessary Many conventional lighting devices require ex- drain on a battery thereof. tensive cabling, suitable timing mechanisms and 20 In one aspect of the invention, the solar power- the like, and are thus relatively expensive to install ed lamp, comprises: a photovoltaic cell for receiv- and maintain. In addition, such lighting devices ing sunlight and generating electrical energy; an utilize electric power generated in a conventional electrical storage device coupled to the photovol- manner such as by burning fuel. Burning fuel con- taic cell for receiving and storing electrical energy; tributes to contamination of the environment and 25 light sensing means for generating a control signal depletion of existing fuel resources. in response to ambient light; and means for provid- More recent lighting devices include self-con- ing positive turn-on at a preselected low light level, tained solar powered devices which utilize the positive turn-on means having a feedback loop photovoltaic cells to charge batteries which, in turn, which amplifies the control signal to apply the activate a light source contained therein, in the 30 electrical energy to the light source. absence of sunlight. Such self-contained devices In another aspect of the invention, control cir- are desirable because they are relatively inexpen- cuitry of the solar powered lamp is configured to sive and maintenance-free. cause the lamp to turn on when ambient light A plurality of such solar powered lamps can be decreases to a level of approximately 5 LUX. disposed in any predetermined arrangement out- 35 In still another aspect of the invention, the doors to illuminate or delineate desired areas. For control circuitry of the solar powered lamp draws example, a particular area, such as a pathway, may only .1 mA of current. be easily delineated so that a person, even in These as well as other features of the invention complete darkness, can follow the pathway without will become apparent from the detailed description the necessity of producing overhead illumination. 40 which follows, considered together with the appen- Although prior solar powered illumination de- ded drawings. vices are known to serve their purpose, they have not proven entirely satisfactory. During a certain BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS period of time approaching sundown, when the level of ambient light is such that illumination is not 45 A preferred embodiment of the present inven- required, for example when the ambient light de- tion is illustrated in and by the following drawings creases to a level between 600-1500 LUX, the solar in which like reference numerals indicate like parts powered lamps are known to turn on partially and and in which: slowly. This is undesirable because current is Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar drawn from the batteries for a substantial period of 50 powered lamp having a circuit for providing time during which illumination is not necessary, positive turn-on at low light levels in accordance thereby significantly shortening the run time for the with a preferred embodiment of the present in- lamp. vention, configured for use with incandescent In addition, the control circuitry of the solar lamps; and powered lamps typically causes a significant drain 55 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the solar on the battery, for example between 8-30 mA, even powered lamp shown in Figure 1 , configured for during times when the solar powered lamp is op- use with fluorescent lamps. erating and illumination is required. Again, this con- 2 3 EP 0 527 347 A2 4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED causes a resistor R1, having an exemplary resis- EMBODIMENT tance value of 39 kn, to be shunted to ground. This causes current to flow through the resistor R1 and Figure 1 illustrates generally a schematic dia- prevents current from flowing into the base of a gram for a solar powered lamp 10 having a circuit 5 transistor Q1, preferably a NPN transistor having 11 for providing a positive turn-on at low light an exemplary part number 2N3904. This turns off levels which is predictable and controlled in con- the transistor Q1, preventing current flow through trast with prior solar powered lamps. The circuit 1 1 the remainder of the circuit 11 and thereby pre- as shown in Figure 1 is configured for use with an venting the light source 16 from turning on. incandescent light source 16. The circuit 11 ad- io In the absence of light, the light sensor 18 vantageously causes the solar powered lamp 10 to provides a high resistance, which causes a portion undergo a discrete transition to an "on" condition of the current flowing through the resistor R1 to at a preselected level of ambient light, thereby flow into the base of the transistor Q1. This turns preventing an unnecessary drain on a battery 12. on the transistor Q1, which in turn causes current The circuit 11 also advantageously reduces the is to flow through resistors R2 and R3, having exem- dependence of this preselected light level on the plary resistance values of 10 kn and 1 kn, respec- manufacturing tolerances of individual components tively. The resulting voltage drop across the resis- by producing a high gain. In situations where a tors R2 and R3 biases the base of a transistor Q2, plurality of solar powered lamps are used, this preferably a PNP transistor having an exemplary results in each one turning on at substantially the 20 part number 2N3906, causing it to turn on. When same time. the transistor Q2 turns on, current flows through The solar powered lamp can typically include resistors R4 and R5, having exemplary resistance one or more batteries 12 of conventional design values of 10 kn and 2 kn, thereby turning on a (preferably nickel-cadmium or the like) which is transistor Q3, preferably a PNP transistor having an maintained in a charged condition by a photovoltaic 25 exemplary part number 2N3906. cell 14 which controls the application of electrical When the transistor Q3 turns on, current flows power to the light source 16. The light source 16 is through a resistor R7, having an exemplary resis- an incandescent lamp, of conventional design typi- tance value of 2 kn, and creates a voltage drop cally used in solar powered lamps. As is well across the resistor R7. The voltage drop across the known to those skilled in the art, the photovoltaic 30 resistor R7 creates a bias, through a resistor R8, cell 14, when generating electrical power as a having an exemplary resistance value of 100 n, at result of some light striking the same, is used to the base of a transistor Q4, thereby turning it on. charge the battery 12. During such period of time, The transistor Q4 is preferably a NPN transistor there is no need for the light source 16 to provide having exemplary part number 2N4401.
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