DOCSLIB.ORG

Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments a Technical Guide Arthur E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments a Technical Guide Arthur E Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments A Technical Guide Arthur E. Smith, Scott R. Craven, and Paul D. Curtis A publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension, the University of Wisconsin, The Jack H. Berryman Institute, Utah State University, and The Wildlife Society, Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Arthur E. Smith is a research intern and Scott R. Craven is an extension wildlife specialist with the Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Paul D. Curtis is an extension wildlife specialist in the Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University. Acknowledgments We especially want to thank M. R. Conover and the Jack H. Berryman Institute, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, for reviews and support in producing this manual. The Wildlife Society–Wildlife Damage Management Working Group’s Urban/Suburban Canada Goose Task Force Committee also provided review and support for this manuscript. We also thank S. Beckerman, H. Blokpoel, E. C. Cleary, R. A. Dolbeer, M. E. Eckstrom, G. Haas, R. S. Lutz, P. J. Rodrick, K. Solberg, W. E. Wheeler, P. C. Whitford, members of the Mississippi Flyway Council Technical Section Giant Canada Goose Committee, especially G. Zenner and J. Bergquist. This publication should be cited as Smith, A. E., S. R. Craven, and P. D. Curtis. 1999. Managing Canada geese in urban environments. Jack Berryman Institute Publication 16, and Cornell University Cooperative Extension, Ithaca, N.Y. Additional copies of this publication may be purchased from Cornell University, Media and Technology Services Resource Center, 7 Cornell Business & Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850. Phone: 607-255-2080. Fax: 607-255-9946. E-mail: [email protected] A free catalog of Cornell Cooperative Extension publications and audiovisuals is available from the same address, or from any Cornell Cooperative Extension office. The catalog also can be accessed at the following World Wide Web site: http://www.cce.cornell.edu/publications/catalog.html ISBN 1-57753-255-4 Contents About This Guide . 4 Introduction . 5 Biology of the Canada Goose . 7 Regulations Covering Canada Geese . 9 Management Strategies. 9 Techniques . 11 Summary. 28 References . 29 Appendixes . 33 A. Equipment Suppliers . 33 B. Suppliers’ Addresses . 35 C. Summary of Techniques. 38 Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments 3 About This Guide This manual is intended for anyone concerned with urban elsewhere but spend part or all of the fall to early spring Canada goose management. We define urban geese as those period in urban or suburban areas. Although this guide that spend most, if not all, of their life in the urban or sub- emphasizes Canada geese, many of the techniques and urban environment. This includes resident geese as well as management strategies listed are also useful for ducks, those commonly referred to as “migrants,” which summer swans, and perhaps other waterfowl species. 4 Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments Introduction Canada geese are perhaps the most widely recognized birds cleaning goose droppings from sidewalks cost more than in North America. Geese flying in a V formation signal $60 per bird (Allan et al. 1995). changes in season and for many people have come to sym- Heavy concentrations of goose droppings contain nitro- bolize nature and wildlife. gen, which can result in eutrophication of ponds and lakes, In the early 1900s, Canada goose populations were near- leading to excessive algal growth (Kear 1963, Manny et al. ly eliminated in most parts of North America by unrestrict- 1994), closure of public swimming areas, and reduced ed harvesting of eggs, commercial hunting, and draining of water quality. Goose droppings do not appear to add nitro- wetland habitat. Thanks to enactment of strict harvest reg- gen to a feeding area because most nutrients originate from ulations, creation of protective refuges, changes in crop the grass of the same area (Groot Bruinderink 1989); the planting and harvesting techniques, and creation of large, nitrogen in the droppings, however, may be in a form that open grassy areas, most Canada goose populations have is more available to plants and thus overfertilize an area. rebounded and are no longer at risk. This astounding Besides the direct impact of Canada geese residing in recovery occurred partly because Canada geese adapt urban areas, they can act as decoys for migratory geese, readily to habitats found in urban and suburban areas. causing periodic increases in urban goose populations. Scientists recognize several “races” or subspecies of Geese in urban areas are very aggressive around their nests Canada geese. The geese most commonly found in urban or goslings and may attack or threaten pets, children, and areas during spring and summer in the eastern and mid- adults. western regions of the United States and Canada are called Geese will also trample grass in medium-heavy soils, giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima), whereas which creates a surface “hard pan” that prevents vegetative those found or observed in urban areas during the spring growth (Traill-Stevenson 1988). This causes erosion and and summer in western regions of the United States and loss of habitat for other species (Wall 1984). Geese in high Canada are called western Canada geese (Branta canadensis concentrations or even a smaller flock that remains in the moffitti). These two subspecies have the largest body sizes of same place for an extended period of time may overgraze the many races of Canada geese. the grass (Conover 1991), creating large, dead spots on The giants have undergone a phenomenal population lawns. increase from only a few thousand in 1965 (Hanson 1965) High concentrations of geese increase the likelihood that to an estimated 1.1 million in 1996 (Wood et al. 1996) in avian diseases will be transmitted, creating the potential for the central United States alone. This growth rate is not massive die-offs. Disease organisms originating from a sin- peculiar to North America; in Britain, numbers of Canada gle species of waterfowl can also spread to other species geese increased by an estimated 8 percent annually from (Friend 1987). Diseases such as coccidoisis, avian influenza, 1976 to 1991 (Allan et al. 1995). Lesser Canada geese schistosomes, chlamydiosis, salmonella, and avian cholera (Branta canadensis parvipes), usually thought of as migrants, are transmitted under these circumstances (Guth et al. have bred in Anchorage, Alaska, since the early 1970s, and 1979, Skene et al. 1981, Friend 1987, Webster et al. 1993, their numbers have been increasing (Laing 1997). Although Gomis et al. 1996). Canada geese are suspected of transmit- a few geese may be desirable in a park, suburban pond, or ting salmonella to cattle (Lowney et al. 1997). Transmission backyard, such small populations increase rapidly and of disease or parasites from geese to humans has not been sometimes lead to problems that can be difficult to control. well documented, but the potential exists (Luechtefeld et al. Conflicts between Canada geese and humans in the 1980, Wobeser and Brand 1982, Hill and Grimes 1984, urban environment have increased as goose populations Pacha et al. 1988, Blankespoor and Reimink 1991, Graczyk have grown (Conover and Chasko 1985). Geese may be et al. 1997). only a nuisance owing to their droppings, aggressive behav- Because geese like open, grassy areas, are large, and tend ior, and noise, or they may represent a potential serious to form flocks, they may possibly strike airplanes at airports environmental threat or risk to human health and safety. (Milsom 1990). Most modern aircraft are engineered only Urban Canada geese may also fly to surrounding agricultur- to withstand the impact or engine ingestion of a single 1- al lands to feed on crops such as corn, soybeans, rice, win- to 3-pound bird. At the Reno-Sparks, Nevada, airport from ter wheat, and other grains. 1986 to 1989, Canada geese were involved in 11 airplane A common complaint about geese is the accumulation of strikes, costing a total of $250,000 in damage. The Federal droppings and feathers. Sixty geese seems to be a threshold Aviation Administration (FAA) threatened to close the air- for complaints about goose droppings (J. Cooper, port if it did not institute goose control (Fairaizl 1992). In University of Minnesota, pers. comm.). In one park in 1995, a U.S. Air Force Boeing 707 E-38 AWACS jet took London, England, reestablishing overgrazed lawns and off from Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, and ingested at Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments 5 least 13 Canada geese. The $184 million aircraft crashed, fowl involved in bird strikes against U.S. civil aircraft from and the entire 24-person crew was killed. Also in 1995, a 1992 to 1996 (Cleary et al. 1997). The FAA estimates that Concorde jet lost two engines after ingesting several geese 240 goose-aircraft collisions occur annually. while landing at the John F. Kennedy Airport in New York, As a result of the increasing numbers of geese living in and a similar event occurred at New York’s La Guardia urban landscapes, some major metropolitan areas in the Airport. Pacific, upper Midwest, Northeast, and mid-Atlantic states Waterfowl accounted for 35 percent of all reported mon- are faced with the increasing challenge of balancing Canada etary losses resulting from wildlife strikes to U.S. civil air- goose use of urban sites with human needs. craft. Geese and swans comprised 58 percent of all water- 6 Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments Biology of the Canada Goose Descriptions and General Behavior Craighead 1949); in central Wisconsin around April 4 Canada geese have gray-brown wings and backs; light gray (Collias and Jahn 1959); and in south central Ontario to dark brown sides and breasts; black tails, feet, legs, bills, around mid-April (Lumsden 1969, J. Sullivan, Canadian and heads; and black necks with distinctive white cheek Wildlife Service).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Bantam Goose
    THE BANTAM GOOSE By Jonathan M. Thompson, July 2010. The concept of producing a Bantam Goose was put to the public as early as 1877; contained in an article on the subject in The Poultry Yard & Market. Mr. Tom Bartlett of Folly Farm, Gloucestershire, when interviewed for Country Living Magazine in the late 1980’s, claimed that creating a Bantam goose had not been achieved, and he would like to create such a breed. Had he read Appleyard’s little book, Geese, he would have known his statement to be imprecise. Reginald Appleyard of the Priory Waterfowl Farm, Ixworth, Suffolk, appears to have first exhibited his Bantam Goose at the Dairy Show in 1932. In the Feathered World Year Book for 1933 Captain N. Milne Harrop contributes an article: ‘Geese in 1932’, and mentions this breed gaining a card at the Dairy Show:- The next class, that for A.O.V., numbered no less than 16 entries, and contained six different varieties. Mr. Appleyard penned a most interesting selection, . This exhibitor also showed . a very excellent attempt at an Embden Bantam, which also gained a Commended card. I understand this bird was not a freak but the result of many years careful breeding. It weighed about 6 lbs. In the same Year Book, Mr. J. P. Bleazard contributes an article ‘Waterfowl in 1932.’ and says:- One occasionally sees other breeds of Geese, . .We have this year seen another addition to the Goose section, namely, an Embden Bantam Goose and most charming it looked, and came in for much admiration by the general public at the Palace Show.
    [Show full text]
  • Incubating Waterfowl Simplified Beginner’S Checklist Calvin E
    Incubating Waterfowl Simplified Beginner’s Checklist Calvin E. Roberts, Jr. • Roberts Farm • San Augustine, Texas 75972 As much as possible, encourage ducks and geese to lay in clean dry nests. Once they begin to lay in an ideal location, keep 4-5 fake, ceramic eggs in the nest to keep them laying there. Identify the time of day when eggs are laid and collect as soon as possible. The longer the eggs sit in a dirty nest, the greater the chances of bacterial contamination. Wash hands and use only a clean, sanitized containers for collection. Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching hatching eggs will transfer the contaminates to the eggs. When necessary, rinse and sanitize eggs coated in dirt/mud immediately after collection. Oxygen exchange and water loss is impaired in coated eggs leading to early death or weakened hatchlings. Store eggs in a clean, closed container in a cool, humid location. Waterfowl eggs do not store as well as chicken eggs and should be set within 7 days of collection. Turning eggs in storage is optional. Prewarm cool eggs to room temperature prior to setting to avoid condensation (water drops) on egg shells and to assist in bringing the incubator up to temperature in a timely manner. Calibrate a separate thermometer and hygrometer to verify incubator readings. Measure temperature at mid-egg level. Never trust the incubator gauges until they have proven accurate. Set incubation temperature at 99.5-99.8°F (37.5-37.7°C). Check for warm and cool spots within the incubator and rotate eggs daily as necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • G84-711 Managing the Home Goose Breeder Flock
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension Extension 1984 G84-711 Managing the Home Goose Breeder Flock Earl W. Gleaves University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Curriculum and Instruction Commons Gleaves, Earl W., "G84-711 Managing the Home Goose Breeder Flock" (1984). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. 1281. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/1281 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Extension at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. G84-711-A Managing the Home Goose Breeder Flock This NebGuide provides basic information on breed selection, sexing, housing and equipment needed, feeding, breeding, egg care and incubation for the home goose flock. Earl W. Gleaves, Extension Poultry Specialist z Breed Selection z Sexing z Housing and Equipment z Feeding z Breeding z Egg Care z Incubation The goose has been almost completely ignored in the rapid technical developments that have occurred in other parts of the poultry industry in the past 25 years. Experimental work with the domestic goose has been very limited. This means that management recommendations that are pertinent today may not be in the future. Geese total less than 1 percent of the U.S. poultry population. They have the disadvantage of being low egg producers, which causes the cost of day-old goslings to be high.
    [Show full text]
  • Avian Medicine (Avian Science, Technology and Practice) [Samad MA (2013)
    LEP Publication No. 13 Avian Medicine (Avian Science, Technology and Practice) [Samad MA (2013). Avian Medicine] 1st Published as: Poultry Science and Medicine: February 2005 2nd Edition as: Avian Medicine: January 2013 ISSN 984-8094-01-1 Language: English Published by: M. Bulbul, Mymensingh, Bangladesh Printed at: Bikash Mudran, 56/5, Fakirepool Bazar, Motijheel, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Total pages (9.5 x 7): 1374 Price BDT: 950.0 / copy and US $ 20.0 / copy Stock: Available with limited stock 1 Avian Medicine [2nd Edition: January 2013] PREFACE Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem I’m pleased to present the 2nd edition of ‘Avian Medicine’ about seven years since the first ‘Poultry Science and Medicine’ was published in 2005. For this edition, significant changes were needed to keep up-to-date with the increasingly rapid expansion of knowledge about the Avian science, technology and practices. The main role of Poultry Vets is to minimize the cost of poultry production and ensure that its products are safe for human consumption. Veterinarians have a major responsibility to ensure that the meat and eggs produced by the poultry under their care are free from pathogens, chemicals, anti-microbial and other drugs that may be harmful to humans. The Veterinary Medical students and Avian Vets must become knowledge about various aspects of birds, especially disease and management associated with impaired production. Such Avian Vets will become specialists who can provide totally integrated avian health and management advice either to the poultry, pet, zoo or wild birds. To be able to do this Avian Vets will need to understand courses on ‘Avian Medicine’ and develop the expertise on their own by diligent self-education in Avian Vet practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Patterns of Two Chinese Native Goose Breeds
    Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X Apr - Jun 2017 / v.19 / n.2 / 203-210 Growth Patterns of Two Chinese Native Goose Breeds http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0395 Author(s) ABSTracT Ibtisham FI To study the development rules of Chinese native geese, two breeds, An LI Shitou and Sichuan White geese were analyzed from 0 to 12 weeks of Li TI Niu YI age. The growth curves were fitted with commonly used four kinds of Xiao MI nonlinear models (Logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy and Richards). Zhang LI Jia RI The results showed that the growth curves were appropriately fitted with all four models but the Logistic and Richards both had the best fitting with growth curve (R2>0.99). Analyzing the fitting parameters of I Agricultural College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, P.R. China the Logistic and Richards, we found that male Shitou had the highest adult body weight while Sichuan White female had the lowest weight. In Shitou breed, Shape parameter Predicted with Richards model was corresponded with Gompertz curve, while in Sichuan breed it was in between Gompertz and Bertalanffy. Growth parameters predicted with Logistic model was much more closed to observed value as compared others. So overall logistic was the best model to analyze the growth curve in Chinese native goose and Shitou goose had excellent growth performance when compared to Sichuan White. INTRODUCTION Goose is one of the most important economic poultry around the Mail Address world because of the growing demand of the human population.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoological Gardens, Copenhagen) (With 1 Plate) (Ree
    MORPHOLOGICAL AND ETHOLOGICAL NOTES ON A HYBRID BETWEEN A DOMESTIC DUCK AND A DOMESTIC GOOSE by HOLGER POULSEN (Zoological Gardens, Copenhagen) (With 1 plate) (Ree. 22-V-1950) Although interspecific crosses, especially those between species of dif- ferent genera, are rare in nature, interbreeding is much commoner in captivity . The Copenhagen Zoological Gardens possess two hybrids between Branta canadensis L. and An.ser albifrons gambelli Hartl., which were captured 1944 in Sarquaq in West Greenland. These birds, incidentally, were the only existing proof of the breeding of the Canada Goose in Greenland (Verbal information from Dr F. SALOMONSEN). When species which are not known to interbreed in nature do so in captivi- ty, we are usually concerned with individuals which have been kept in isolation from their own species. Under these conditions the reproductive drive may become extremely strong, so that the threshold for stimuli releasing repro- ductive, especially sexual, behaviour is considerably lowered. In such cases individuals of other species may be accepted as partners although they offer stimuli which would normally be inadequate to release sexual reactions. The sexual drive may even become so strong that sexual behaviour occurs in vacuo. Until recently, interest in problems of interbreeding was focussed mainly upon the question of what species would hybridise, and upon the morpho- logical features and fertility of the hybrids. During the last few years, however, hybrids have received attention from behaviour students. In com- parative ethology it is important to know the behaviour of hybrids, and to compare it with that of the parent species. The behaviour of a hybrid is not always intermediate between that of its parents, but may show more pri- mitive traits (LoRErrz, 1941, p.
    [Show full text]
  • 102.Domestication
    History of Poultry Origin and Domestication 1. Chicken Different archaeological surveys indicate that chickens were originated from the Red Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus ) in the Indus valley about 200 B.C. and believe that it may be the chief ancestor of modern chicken. But it is also believed that another three wild species of chicken have been contributed to develop modern chicken which found in South East Asia. India and throughout mainland of Southeast Asia to the off-shore island of Indonesia are the ancestral home of the present day domestic fowl. The four species are closely related and are known to interbreed. The species are- 01. the Red Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus ) 02. the Grey Jungle fowl (Gallus sonnerati) 03. the Ceylon Jungle fowl (Gallus lafayetti) 04. the Black/Green/ Java Jungle fowl (Gallus varius). Our ancient history bears witness to the fact that the people of India were quite familiar with chicken, duck, quail and turkey, about 3200 years B.C. Quail or cock fight provided as a source of fun. Domesticated fowls could certainly be found in Iran by 800 B.C. and the Persians spread them throughout Western Asia and to the shores of the Mediterranean by 600 B.C. They were introduced in Italy by 400 B. C. northern Europe by 100 B.C. Chicken was imported into the America and Australia by the early European explorers and immigrants. To-day they are considered as vital source of animal protein throughout the world. 2. Duck The wild duck was first domesticated in Asia also. The modern improved duck breeds or varieties are derived from the wild stock.
    [Show full text]
  • ANSERIFORMES Taxon Advisory Group Regional Collection Plan 3Rd Edition • 2020 - 2025
    ANSERIFORMES Taxon Advisory Group Regional Collection Plan 3rd Edition • 2020 - 2025 Edited by Photo by Pinola Conservancy Keith Lovett, Anseriformes TAG Chair Buttonwood Park Zoo Table of Contents Acknowledgements 03 TAG Operational Structure 04 TAG Steering Committee and Advisors: Table 1 05 TAG Definition 06 TAG Mission 06 TAG Vision 06 TAG Strategic Planning Overview 07 TAG Goals Sustainability 08 Conservation 09 Husbandry and Welfare 09 Educational Waterfowl Awareness and Program Support 10 TAG Taxonomy 11 TAG Taxonomy: Table 2 12 Conservation Status of Anseriformes Overview 13 Conservation Status of Anseriformes: Table 3 14 RCP History and Program Designation Program Management Designation 20 Additional Management Designation 21 Selection Criteria Selection Criteria Overview 22 Decision Tree Selection Criteria Categories 23 Proposed EAZA Waterfowl TAG European Endangered 24 Species Program (EEP) Species Anseriformes Decision Tree: Table 4 25 Anseriformes TAG Selection Criteria / Decision Tree: Table 5 26 Anseriformes TAG Selection Criteria / Decision Tree Summary 33 Space Assessment Space Assessment Overview 34 Space Survey Accountability:Responding Insititutions: Table 6 35 Space Survey Accountability: Non-responding Insititutions: Table 7 37 Space Survey Results and Target Size: Table 8 38 Regional Anseriformes Populations: Table 9 39 Summary Table 46 Non-Recommended Species Replacement Overview 47 Non-Recommended Species Replacement Chart: Table 11 48 Management Update: Table 12 51 SSP Five Year Goals and Essential Actions 53
    [Show full text]
  • DOMESTIC SPECIES LIST August 2010 Animal Group Order Family Genus Species Common Name(S) Comments
    Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department page 1 of 3 Wild Bird and Animal Importation and Possession DOMESTIC SPECIES LIST August 2010 Animal Group Order Family Genus Species Common Name(s) Comments Mammals* Artiodactyla Bovidae Bison bison American bison Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Bos indicus Zebu Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Bos grunniens Domestic yak Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Bos taurus Domestic cow Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Bubalis bubalis Domestic water buffalo Including breeds and varrieties derived from the wild Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Capra hircus Domestic goat goat or bezoar (Capra aegagrus ). Mammals Artiodactyla Bovidae Ovis aries Domestic sheep Mammals Artiodactyla Camelidae Camelus dromedarius Dromedary Mammals Artiodactyla Camelidae Lama glama Llama Mammals Artiodactyla Camelidae Lama pacos Alpaca Mammals Artiodactyla Cervidae Cervus elaphus European Red Deer Mammals Artiodactyla Cervidae Dama dama Fallow deer Including breeds and varieties derived from the wild boar (Sus scrofa ) but not including free-living or feral Mammals Artiodactyla Suidae Sus domesticus Domestic swine wild boars or wild swine. Mammals Carnivora Canidae Canis familiaris Domestic dog Mammals Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Domestic cat Mammals Carnivora Mustelidae Mustela putorious furo European ferret Including breeds, varieties, and strains derived from the European rabbit but not including the Eurpoean rabbit ferae naturae and not including the so-called Mammals Lagomorpha Leporidae Oryctolagus cuniculus Domestic rabbit "San Juan" rabbit. Mammals Perissodactyla Equidae Equus asinus Domestic ass Mammals Perissodactyla Equidae Equus caballus Domestic horse Birds* Anseriformes Anatidae Alopochen aegyptiaca Domestic goose Derived from the Egyptian goose Derived from the Mallard (Anas platyrhinos ), including, but not restricted to, Aylesbury duck, Blue Swedish duck, Buff duck, Cayuga duck, Crested White duck, English call duck, Indian runner duck, Pekin duck, and Birds Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos Domestic duck Roen duck.
    [Show full text]
  • CHARACTERIZATION of NATIVE SLOVAK CHICKEN and GOOSE: a Review
    The 5th International Scientific Conference “Animal Biotechnology” Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 50, 2017 (4): 144–148 © 2017 NPPC ISSN 1337-9984 CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE SLOVAK CHICKEN AND GOOSE: A REVIEW E. HANUSOVÁ1*, C. HRNČÁR2, A. HANUS1, Ľ. ONDRUŠKA1 1NPPC – Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Slovak Republic 2Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic ABSTRACT Nowadays, there are four local poultry breeds originating from different parts of Slovakia. At present time, there are registered low numbers of native breeds of poultry on the territory of Slovakia. In the last century, four poultry breeds were created - chickens (Oravka, Bantam Oravka) and goose (Suchovska goose and Slovak goose). In this article we collected and analyzed the data about the origin, breed characteristics and population size of native poultry breeds. Key words: chicken; goose; Oravka breed; Slovak goose; Suchovska goose INTRODUCTION in domestic poultry breeds. In the last century four poultry breeds were bred in Slovakia – Oravka and The current economic situation causes an interest Bantam Oravka chickens, Suchovska goose and Slovak in specialized poultry lines in advanced countries goose. in the world, focusing on egg-laying or meat-based performance. Due to the very intense breeding, many genes are lost and they may be missing in future. CHICKEN Therefore, the reasons for keeping poultry genetic resources are the same as for all species of farm animals. The domestic chicken is descended primarily Characteristics of poultry genetic resources include from the red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and is the collection of population size data, its structure scientifically classified as the same species.
    [Show full text]
  • Being a Practical Treatise on the Management of Domestic Poultry
    m THE AMERICAN T JPj)ULTRY BOOK; BEING A PRACTICAL TREATISE OF THE MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC POULTRY. BY MICAJAH H. COCK. "A very considerable part o' all the property of *>\ery nation consists " of its domesticated animals WM. COOPER, Ann. Discourse. NEW YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE. 1861. Entered, according to Act of in the Congress, year 1843, by HARPER & BROTHERS, In the Clerk's Office of the Southern District of New York. THE Board of Agriculture of the American Insti- " tute have, by a Committee, examined The Ameri- can Poultry Book, a practical Treatise on the Man- agement of Domestic Poultry," and are happy to assure the agricultural community in New-York and the United States, that this valuable work ex- actly supplies a deficiency which has long been felt in this department of the Agricultural Library. They have no doubt that it will soon find its place in every farmhouse, and wherever a taste exists for rural habits. The above recommendation was unanimously awarded at the meeting of the Board, May 18th, 1843. Signed, on behalf of the Board : NICHOLAS WYCKOFF, Vice-president. JNO. O. CHOULES, Secretary. INDEX. Page Age of Fowls 27 Eggs, Composition of . 73 Age of Geese 153 Eggs, Shape of .... 75 Age of Ducks 148 Eggs, Size of ..... 76 Amputation of Wing . 134 Eggs, Number of ... 79 Animal Food 114 Eggs, Preservation of . 86 Artificial Eggs .... 63 Every-day Hen .... 30 Artificial Incubation . 96 Fasciola Tracheae . .127 Artificial Food . .110 Fattening Coops . .112 Ashes 54 Fattening Chickens . .111 32 Bantam Breed .... Fattening Ducks .
    [Show full text]
  • An Inquiry Into the Welfare of Ducks and Geese Kept for the Production of Foie Gras
    Forced feeding An inquiry into the welfare of ducks and geese kept for the production of foie gras Produced by Advocates for Animals and World Society for the Protection of Animals Forced feeding CIWF An inquiry into the welfare of ducks and geese kept for the production of foie gras by Carol McKenna, Animal Welfare Consultant February 2000 SOURCES The author is indebted to animal welfare experts and campaigners in many countries for their help, information and advice. The recent Report of the Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare of the European Commission, on ‘Welfare Aspects of the Production of Foie Gras in Ducks and Geese’, was an invaluable source of information as was the report of Dr. Yvan Beck, ‘Cramming of Palmipeds and the Production of Foie Gras: A global approach to Society’s Choice’. Thanks to Compassion in World Farming for assistance in the production of this report. Carol McKenna is an animal welfare campaign consultant who has worked for several UK based animal protection organisations. She has seen the force feeding of geese in France. Front cover illustration: Chris Burke Advocates for Animals campaigns against all animal abuse. Its objects are the protection of animals from cruelty; the prevention of the infliction of suffering and the abolition of vivisection. Advocates for Animals 10 Queensferry Street Edinburgh EH2 4PG Tel + 44 (0)131 225 6039 [email protected] WSPA (pronounced wis-pa) works in co-operation with more than 300 member organisations in 70 countries to promote animal welfare and conservation. Registered charity 282908. WSPA UK 2 Langley Lane London SW8 1TJ Tel + 44 (0)20 7793 0540 www.wspa.org.uk Contents Introduction 7 World foie gras production 9 Natural behaviour of ducks and geese 12 Life on the foie gras farm 14 Animal welfare concerns 17 Legislation and force feeding 23 Conclusion 26 Recommendation 27 References 28 FORCED FEEDING Traditional images of foie gras farming are presented as a tourist attraction in France.
    [Show full text]