May 22, 1990 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 11691 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE CONTINUING CRISIS IN THE Afghan rebels based in Pakistan, continue Moslem militants. He denied that there had KASHMIR PROVINCE to operate with virtual impunity despite the been excesses by Indian soldiers. presence of about 15,000 Indian soldiers and But Jagmohan, who uses only one name, paramilitary troops in the Kashmir Valley. said he had no plans to ease the crackdown. HON. ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA And the region's people, most of whom are "Now I am saving the Cindianl union," he OF AMERICAN SAMOA Moslems, appear to be broadly sympathetic said. "How many people did Abraham Lin IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the militants, despite severe deprivations coln kill? If I have to use force, there is a caused by around-the-clock curfews, house moral legitimacy to it.'' Tuesday, May 22, 1990 to-house searches, arbitrary detentions and Jagmohan said his approach had pro Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA. Mr. Speaker, I want beatings meted out by security forces. duced "a massive gain" for the Indian gov to bring to your attention the grim conditions The valley's several million residents have ernment. But the valley's economy, which presently confronting the people of Kashmir been confined to their homes for long, unin depends heavily on tourism, has been virtu Province as a result of the repressive policies terrupted stretches-12 continuous days and ally shut down, and many Kashmiris said of the Indian Government against these nights at one point during April-while sol they felt they no longer had anything left diers pour through slum buildings and to lose by fighting the Indians. people. I call upon President Bush and Secre house boats nestled along the city's lakes A network of police informers, known as tary Baker to take action to investigate these and canals. The searches appear to have mukhbirs and developed by the Indian gov events that are taking place in Kashmir. raised the population's temper to the boil ernment here, coupled with the growing Mr. Speaker, I submit for the RECORD sev ing point. strength of the armed militants, has forced eral relevant newspaper accounts of the prob "When they have taken the gun against ordinary Kashmiris to take sides as they lems on Kashmir. the people, why not take up a gun-if we never have before. "Now there are only two CFrom the Washington Post, May 6, 19901 have to die tomorrow, why not today?" choices," said a Srinagar businessman. "You asked Mohammed Yusuf, a 70-year-old re become a mukhbir or a mujahed," or INDIAN CRACKDOWN IN KASHMIR HELPS FuEL tired school teacher. Moslem holy warrior. SEPARATIST CAUSE-MILITANTS, TROOPS Yusuf wept as he told how two days earli Doctors at a downtown Srinagar hospital SKIRMISH DAILY IN CITY er, his son, an engineer visiting from his said that because of a recent epidemic of e This " bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. 39-059 0 -91-35 (Pt. 8) 11692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 22, 1990 rebels based across the border in Pakistan. trumpet the government line rather than stani Army growing out of its pivotal role in Nadim said some Kashmiri Hezbollah guer examine it. Neither the Pakistani nor the supplying the Afghan rebels. rillas had received training from the Afghan Indian Parliament is debating the issue in In a candid interview with the news maga rebels. any productive way. Myths are thrown zine India Today, Gen. Krishna.swami Sun Many Kashmiris interviewed expressed around: Pakistan is run by generals. India is darji, a former army chief, suggested that discomfort about Hezbollah's fundamental out to conquer the region. Neither side India's military edge may have eroded ist ideology and pro-Pakistan stance-Isla seems interested in negotiating. slightly, He also took issue with his Govern mac guerrillas have smashed and forced the "South Asians, all of us, seem to have a ment's assertion that the war of secession in closing of the valley's popular bars, video fatal problem in politics," a Pakistani offi Kashmir was created in Islamabad. shops and cinemas as part of their crusade. cial said, "We do not analyze and we don't The current conditions are not something Nevertheless, virtually all of Kashmir's seem to understand where things are taking that they have engineered." he said of Paki Moslems appear to support the immediate us. We are driven by events." stan. It's something we've also done or not goal of the insurgency, which is to expel Pakistan and India have fought three done in the last few years in Kashmir." India from the region, which it has con times over the picturesque Kashmir Valley: trolled since independence in 1947. in 1947, in 1965 and as part of a larger war A LEGACY OF CONFLICT "It is a matter of circumstances-if we are in 1971. The last, inconclusive talks on 1947-When British India is partitioned being terrorized, we must take up arms. It is Kashmir followed in 1972. Now, no ques into India and Pakistan, a Muslim revolt permitted by the Koran," said Mullah Mo tions are asked more frequently on both backed by tribesmen from Pakistan flares hammed Hussain, 71, who said he had been sides of the border than these: Will there be up against the maharaja governing the state detained and beaten by Indian security another war? And why? of Jammu and Kashmir, or simply Kashmir, forces and told that he should stop preach India says Pakistan is behind a secession Indian forces are dispatched to suppress the ing in his local mosque. "We are not going ist movement blazing out of control in the uprising and Pakistan sends troops to back to be with India. They must either leave us, Indian part of Kashmir Indians produce the rebels. or, if they don't, we will go for the holy "evidence" of Pakistani training camps and 1949-Fighting ends with a United Na war." official plots, but diplomats say much of tions cease-fire. Kashmir is divided between Five months ago, many Kashmiris inter this does not stand up to investigation. Pakistan and India along the cease-fire line. viewed here said they were adamantly op Pakistan, with better evidence and a Pakistan controls roughly a third of the posed to any war between India and Paki stronger legal position-New Delhi won't region, in the west and northwest, and India stan for control of the region because they allow a United Nations mandated plebiscite the rest. Repeated clashes break out along wished to achieve independence on their the valley-accuses India of supressing the cease-fire line. own. Now the public mood appears to have Kashmiri self-determination. 1956-A vote by the assembly in the shifted. Separatism began to grow dramatically in While few of those interviewed openly Indian controlled part of Kashmir leads to India's Jammu and Kashmir state in 1987, the formation of the Indian state of longed for war, a number said that because when the Congress Party of former Prime the international community has expressed Jammu, and Kashmir. India spurns Paki Ministers Rajiv Gandhi co-opted the last in stani protests, backed by United Nations little support for Kashmiri aspirations for dependent, mainstream Kashmiri party and independence, they now believe that only a resolutions for a plebiscite on the future of rigged elections there. In his first crisis the entire region. Azad Kashmir, or Free military victory by Pakistan could free the after taking office in November. Prime Min valley from Indian control. Kashmir, remains under the control of ister Singh, Mr. Gandhi, successor, freed Pakistan. Kashmiris have struggled to define an jailed separatists to secure the release of identity for themselves separate from India 1962-Indian and Chinese forces clash for more than 40 years, but in the Indo the abducted daughter of his Home Minis over a portion of northeastern Kashmir Pakistan wars of 1948, 1965 and 1971, valley ter, a Kashmiri Muslim. where China has built a road of strategic residents watched quietly while the rival With Kashmiris emboldened by the mili importance. armies clashed along the border. This time tants victory, unrest grew. New Delhi 1965-War breaks out again between India Kashmiri militants and civilians would cracked down and since late January score and Pakistan over Kashmir. A United Na make life difficult for the Indian forces by of people have been killed in clashes with tions ceasefire ends the fighting. stepping up guerrilla attacks and sabotaging the police. Srinagar, the summer capital, re- 1971-India again fights Pakistan, wrest roads and communications. mains under curfew. · ing independent Bangladesh from what was "We want the problem to be solved The cause of a beleaguered Muslim people East Pakistan. A secondary front in the war through peaceful means," said a Srinagar is a powerful one in Pakistan, and Mr. is Kashmir, where India makes some gains. Bhutto, her administration drifting from 1972-India and Pakistan agree to a new teacher. "But if that is not possible, we wel crisis to crisis, has made the most of it. A come war." cease-fire line along positions held at the diplomat said "there is no other single issue end of the 1971 war. [From the New York Times, Apr. 22, 1990] that has consolidated her position here as much as Kashmir." Pakistanis say that Ms INDIA AND PAKISTAN MAKE THE MOST OF Bhutto's emotive language recalls the style [From the Washington Times, May 14, HARD FEELINGS of her father, the late Zulfakar Alt Bhutto, 1990] 39-059 0-91-36 (Pt. 8)
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